Corresponding author: Donald R. Davis (
Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken
The New World genus
Sohn J-C, Davis DR, Lopez-Vaamonde C (2015) Revision of the genus
The monobasic genus
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of
The goals of this paper are to redefine the generic characteristics of
Pinned specimens from five institutional collections were examined. The abbreviations of these depositories are as follows:
Selected specimens were dissected for genitalia and abdominal structures, following
DNA was extracted from hind legs of dried specimens. DNA barcodes (658 bp of the COI mitochondrial gene) were generated at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB, Guelph). A total of seven specimens were sequenced (Table
Specimens used for the DNA barcoding analysis. Both the Process ID and sample ID codes are unique identifiers linking the record in the BOLD database and the voucher specimen from which the sequence is derived. Additional collecting and specimen data are accessible in BOLD’s data set (
Species | Process ID | Sample ID | Country | Accession number (NCBI, GENBANK) |
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jflandry0875 | Canada |
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CNCLEP00035968 | Canada |
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CNCLEP00038457 | Canada |
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CNCLEP00042501 | USA |
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CNCLEP00042524 | USA |
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CLV68110 | French Guiana |
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CLV76410 | French Guiana |
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CLV94410 | French Guiana |
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CLV104110 | French Guiana |
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CLV102310 | French Guiana |
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AK0044 | French Guiana |
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CLV105310 | French Guiana |
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Details on the date and site of collection for each specimen, as well as a photograph are available through the DOI (
Adults.
Adults.
Included species (arranged by the similarities in the forewing pattern and the male genitalia):
1 | Forewing with longitudinal fascia extending near apex |
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– | Forewing with longitudinal fascia not extending beyond discal cell |
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2 | Forewing ground color brown or reddish brown |
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– | Forewing ground color black |
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3 | Forewing with costal fascia curved |
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– | Forewing with costal fascia straight |
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4 | Yellow lining along costal fascia of forewing narrow |
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– | Yellow lining along costal fascia of forewing broad |
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5 | Forewing with dorsal bar |
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– | Forewing without dorsal bar |
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6 | Forewing with dorsal bar connected with longitudinal fascia |
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– | Forewing with dorsal bar separated from longitudinal fascia |
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7 | Fore- and hindwing fringes pale grayish orange |
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– | Fore- and hindwing fringes brownish gray |
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8 | Forewing with costal fascia |
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– | Forewing without costal fascia |
* Four species,
Comparison of three similar species of
Characters |
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Apical area of valva | entire | emarginated | bifid |
Short spiniform setae on cucullus | present | absent | absent |
Saccular portion of valva | not separate | separate | separate |
Lateral area of vinculum | subtruncate | strongly protruding | slightly protruding |
Saccus | 1/4 as long as valva | 3/5 as long as valva | 1/2 as long as valva |
(Fig.
Female unknown.
Holotype: male, “Type” [circular label with red borders], “Amula, 6000ft. GUERRERO MEXICO VIII 18 (H.H.Smith) (Gdm. Slvn) 66776”, “Walsingham Collection, 1910-427”, “
Mexico (Guerrero).
This species is similar to
(Fig.
Female unknown.
Holotype: male, “ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Sierra Vista 5131 Bannock 2 IX 1988”, “Attracted to (E, Z) – 3 13 ODDOH @ 1615-1730 hrs.”, “R. S. Wielgus Collector”, USNM. Paratypes (78♂):
Southwestern United States (Arizona).
The species name is a patronym in honor of Mr. Ronald S. Wielgus, who collected nearly the entire type series.
As reported by the collector, Ronald Wielgus, and indicated on specimen labels, nearly all moths were collected in the late afternoon, between 16:15 and 17:30 hours. All 157 adults collected thus far are males.
This species is easily distinguished from all other congeners in possessing a black ground-color of the forewing and an elongate process on the transtila of the male genitalia.
(Fig.
Holotype: male, “ARIZONA: Cochise Co. Sierra Vista 5131 Bannock 18 IX 1988”, “R Wielgus Collector”, “Attracted to 1988 Farchan (Z, Z)-3, 13 ODDA@1620hrs. in pheromone trap” [hand-written], USNM. Paratypes (8♂, 1♀):
The species name is derived from the Latin verb ‘nigrescere’ meaning “verging on black” and refers to the black ground color of the forewing of this species.
Southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico).
(Fig.
Lectotype (designated here): male, “48” [hand-written], “Type No. 522 U.S.N.M.” [red label], “
Eastern Canada and the United States west to Texas.
Hickory (
This species is similar to
(Fig.
Female unknown.
Holotype: male, “ID#: CLV102310 [red letters] French Guiana: [Régina, Nouragues Research Station] [Lt:4.1 Ln:52/] Carlos Lopez Vaamonde 23-Jan-2010 DNA Barcode
French Guiana.
The species name is derived from the Greek letter ‘lambda’ and a suffix derived from the Greek ‘graphein’ meaning “to write”, and refers to the white fascia of the forewing resembling a lambda (λ).
This species is indistinguishable from
(Fig.
Female unknown.
Holotype: male, “ID#: CLV68110 [red letters] French Guiana: [Régina, Nouragues Research Station] [Lt:4.1 Ln:52/] Carlos Lopez Vaamonde 20-Jan-2010 DNA Barcode
French Guiana.
The species name, an adjective, is derived from the Latin words ‘curvus’ and ‘lineatus’, together meaning “curved line” and refers to the curved longitudinal fascia on the forewing of this new species.
(Fig.
Female genitalia not examined.
Holotype: female, “Holo-type” [round label with red borders], “Bartica, Brit[ish] Guiana. Parish. 2.13”, “
Guyana and French Guiana.
This species is similar to another congener,
(Fig.
Female unknown.
Holotype: male, “ID#: CLV10410 [red letters] French Guiana: [Régina, Nouragues Research Station] [Lt:4.1 Ln:52/] Carlos Lopez Vaamonde 16-Jan-2010 DNA Barcode LNOUA009 [sic: 946] -10 [green letters in blue row]”, “Genitalia slide DRD ♂ USNM 34623” [green label], USNM. Paratype:
French Guiana.
The species name is derived from the Latin adjectives, ‘albus’ and ‘vittatus’, meaning “white” and “banded” respectively, and refers to the white longitudinal band on the forewing of this new species.
This species is indistinguishable from
(Fig.
Holotype: male, “Holo-Type” [circular label with red border], “Para Brazil Parish 6 -19.”, “
Brazil (Amazonas, Federal District, Pará).
The species name is derived from the Latin prefix ‘pene (= paene)’, meaning “almost”, and the preexisting species name,
The holotype and three paratypes of
The female genitalia of
(Fig.
Male unknown.
Holotype: female, “FRENCH GUIANA: Nouragues Nature Reserve Nouragues Research Station Sep[tember]-07-2010 collected by light trapping”, “Genitalia slide DRD ♀ USNM 34652” [green label], USNM.
French Guiana.
The species name is a patronym in honor of Dr. Atsushi Kawakita who collected the holotype.
(Figs
Lectotype (designated here): male, “LECTO-TYPE” (round label with indigo boarders), “Bartica Brit[ish] Guiana Parish. 2.13”, “Meyrick Coll. B.M. 1938-290.”, “
Guyana.
(Fig.
Female genitalia not examined.
Holotype: female, “Holo-type” [round label with red borders], “Para Brazil Parish 7-19.”, “Meyrick Coll. B.M. 1938-290.”, “
Brazil (Pará).
Only the holotype of
Forewing length 4.1 mm (n = 1). This species is indistinguishable from
Female genitalia.
A Neighbor-Joining tree, generated under the K2P nucleotide substitution model, for the species of
French Guiana.
(Fig.
Male unknown.
Holotype: female, “Kentucky [sic] Chambers”, “Type 14964” [red label], “
Western United States (Colorado).
The forewing pattern and the female genital morphology of
Despite the strong support from molecular data, the tineid association of
Despite some possible synapomorphies between
Figure
Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distances (%) for barcode DNA sequences of the seven analyzed species in genus
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sp. |
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[0.9] | ||||||
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6.9 | ||||||
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11.5 | 13.3 | |||||
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12 | 13.2 | 11.7 | [0.3] | |||
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10.7 | 12.4 | 11.7 | 11.2 | |||
sp. | 13 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 12.1 | ||
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12.2 | 12.4 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 7.9 |
DNA barcodes of the seven species analysed are very distinctive (Fig.
We would like to thank Kevin Tuck (retired) and Geoff Martin, both from the Natural History Museum, London, for allowing the first author to examine the museum collection under their responsibility. We are also grateful to David Adamski (Systematic Entomology Lab, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland) for checking some type specimens of