Pseudoexeirarthra, a new genus from New Zealand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), with descriptions of seven new species

Abstract A new endemic genus and seven new species of New Zealand pselaphine staphylinid beetles of the supertribe Faronitae are described as follows: Pseudoexeirarthra Park & Carlton, gen. n. (type species: Sagola spinifer Broun); Pseudoexeirarthra sungmini Park & Carlton, sp. n.; Pseudoexeirarthra kwangguki Park & Carlton, sp. n.; Pseudoexeirarthra youngboki Park & Carlton, sp. n.; Pseudoexeirarthra seiwoongi Park & Carlton, sp. n.; Pseudoexeirarthra parkeri Park & Carlton, sp. n.; Pseudoexeirarthra hlavaci Park & Carlton, sp. n.; Pseudoexeirarthra nomurai Park & Carlton, sp. n. Three species, Sagola spinifer Broun, Sagola colorata Broun, and Sagola puncticollis Broun, are transferred to the genus Pseudoexeirarthra. Six species are synonymized: Sagola dilucida Broun, Sagola guinnessi Broun, Sagola longicollis Broun, Sagola longula Broun, and Sagola rectipennis Broun under Pseudoexeirarthra spinifer (Broun); Sagola insueta Broun under Sagola colorata (Broun). A lectotype is designated for Pseudoexeirarthra spinifer (Broun). A key, habitus photographs, line drawings of diagnostic characters, and distribution maps are provided for each species.


Introduction
Sagola Sharp, 1874, the largest genus of the supertribe Faronitae, has been considered to be a paraphyletic assemblage of species (Chandler 2001). Sagola was recently revised by Park and Carlton (2014) as well as other extant genera, Exeirarthra (Park and Carlton 2011) and Stenosagola (Park and Carlton 2013). Three species, S. spinifer Broun, S. puncticollis Broun, and S. colorata Broun are distinctive morphologically and can be easily separated from the other Sagola species by the absence of anterior and posterior frontal foveae, absence of promesocoxal foveae, presence of an inverted triangle-shaped process along the anterior margins of abdominal tergites IV-VI, and female sternite VIII bearing a pseudosternite. Based on these characters, a new genus, Pseudoexeirarthra gen. n. is established to accommodate the three previously described species and seven new species.

Materials and methods
Approximately four hundred specimens were studied from the Field Museum of Natural History ( Holotypes of species described herein are deposited in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Auckland. Paratype and additional specimen depositions are indicated parenthetically. Specimen label data for types are transcribed verbatim. Data for other specimens are standardized for consistency.
Seven specimens were mounted on permanent slides to aid in observation of internal characters and fine external characters not apparent when using a dissecting microscope. Permanent microscopic slides were prepared using the techniques described by Hanley and Ashe (2003). Terminology for the foveal system and enumeration of abdominal sclerites follows Chandler (2001). Numbering of abdominal sclerites indicates actual segment counts (i.e., not ventrites) for consistency with Chandler's system, but meso-metathoracic ventral sclerites are referred to as ventrites (sensu Beutel and Leschen 2010).
New Zealand maps were produced by modifying the map of Crosby et al. (1976) and adding appropriate symbols using Adobe Photoshop®. The area codes for the New Zealand biotic regions follow the system of Crosby et al. (1998). Multiple specimens from the same locality are indicated by a single symbol.
Each figure of an aedeagus illustrates the organ in dorsal view with the median lobe oriented forward (up on page). Right and left are indicated based on this orientation, not the morphological orientation when inside the body, which would be reversed. consistently when performing identifications, but still useful in comparing types or specimens in series. 1 Elytra as long as wide (Fig. 1E Sagola rectipennis Broun, 1921: 489. Hudson 19231934: 184. Newton and Thayer 2005. Nomura and Leschen 2006 Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482." [white label, printed]; "Sagola spinifer" [white label, handwritten]; "LECTOTYPE Pseudoexeirarthra spinifer (Broun) Desig. Park and Carlton 2013" [red label, printed]. *The lectotype designation is required because Broun did not explicitly designate a type specimen, and his comments suggest that three specimens were examined (Broun, 1875: 75). This designation will fix the identity of the species and facilitate its recognition by future workers.    1♂ 1♀, Lynfield, 7 IX 1980, G. Kuschel Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: body length 2.3-2.8 mm; eyes large, as long as temples (Fig. 1A); antennomeres 3-7 subquadrate, 8-10 weakly transverse; median lobe of male genitalia divided in apical third, broadest at base (Fig. 3A); parameres asymmetrical, left much broader basally than right (Fig. 3A).
Comments. The type specimen of Sagola insueta shares the diagnostic characters of Pseudoexeirarthra colorata. For this reason, we have placed S. insueta in synonymy with P. colorata.
Habitat. Specimens were collected by soil washing and sifting moss litter in broadleaf or podocarp forests. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Sung Min Boo, Professor of Biology, Chungnam National University (Daejeon, South Korea), world algal systematist and, an enthusiastic supporter of this study.
Distribution. Stewart Island (SI) (Fig. 5:  Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: body length 1.9-2.2 mm; eyes large, two-thirds lengths of temples (Fig. 1F); antennomeres 2-8 longer than wide, 9-10 weakly transverse; median lobe of male genitalia divided, apex of major lobe rectangular, minor lobe thin, longer than major lobe and bearing small tubercles (Fig. 3F); parameres symmetrical, but right slightly longer than left with setae from before midpoint apices (Fig. 3F).
Habitat. Specimens were collected using flight intercept or yellow pan traps, or by sifting moss and leaf litter in broadleaf and podocarp forests. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Sei-Woong Choi, Professor at Mokpo National University (Mokpo, South Korea), world moth specialist, and an enthusiastic supporter of this study.
Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: body length 1.9-2.1 mm; eyes large, as long as temples (Fig. 1G); antennomeres 2-7 longer than wide, 8 subquadrate, 9-10 weakly transverse; median lobe of male genitalia divided, major lobe with triangular apex, minor lobe longer with small tubercles (Fig. 3G); parameres nearly symmetrical, but right paramere slightly longer than left with setae from apices to midpoints (Fig. 3G).
Distribution. Mid Canterbury (MC), Wellington (WN) (Fig. 5:  Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Joseph Parker, world pselaphine beetle specialist, and an enthusiastic supporter of this study. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from the other species of this genus by the following combination of characters: body length 1.8-2.0 mm; eyes large, as long as temples (Fig. 1H); antennomeres 3 subquadrate, 4-5 longer than wide, 6-8 subquadrate, 9-10 weakly transverse; median lobe of male genitalia divided, apically bifurcate minor lobe longer than curved major lobe and bearing small tubercles (Fig. 3H); parameres asymmetrical, left longer than right with setae extending from apices to near bases (Fig. 3H).