Field observation of Gordius chiashanus sp. nov. A hazy appearance (arrows) surrounding the body surface in hot water B spermatophore (arrow) on a female collected on the surface of the soil C rainbow-like reflection on the body surface D free-living adult collected in wet soil E, F infected host, Spirobolus sp. nov. (Hsu and Chang, unpublished), harboring (E) three immature worms (arrow) and (F) an adult worm. Photographs courtesy of (D) Fang, Hua-Te and (F) Hung, Ming-Chin. Scale bars: 1 cm (E).