2urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7Eurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727AZooKeysZK1313-29891313-2970Pensoft Publishers10.3897/zookeys.486.87534869CatalogueChrysididaeCatalogues and ChecklistsWorldAnnotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, KrakówRosaPaolopaolo.rosa@umons.ac.behttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-52971WiśniowskiBogdanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-92332XuZai-fu†3UnaffiliatedBernareggioItalyOjców National ParkOjcówPolandSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
Corresponding author: Paolo Rosa (rosa@chrysis.net)
Academic editor: Michael Engel
2015120320154861100FF88FFF8-FFF6-095E-3322-FFE6FFBEFFAF27F6744E-308F-415F-A6B9-2D67B2AA4A185787631510201402022015Paolo Rosa, Bogdan Wiśniowski, Zai-fu XuThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/27F6744E-308F-415F-A6B9-2D67B2AA4A18
A critical and annotated catalogue of 183 types of HymenopteraChrysididae belonging to 124 taxa housed in the Radoszkowski collection is given. Radoszkowski type material from other institutes has also been checked. Six lectotypes are designated in Kraków (ISEA-PAN): Chrysisacceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891; C.persica Radoczkowsky, 1881; C.daphnis Mocsáry, 1889; C.lagodechii Radoszkowski, 1889; C.remota Mocsáry, 1889 and C.vagans Radoszkowski, 1877. The lectotype of Brugmoiapellucida Radoszkowski, 1877 is designated in Moscow (MMU). Four new combinations are proposed: Philoctetesararaticus (Radoszkowski, 1890), comb. n.; Pseudomalushypocrita (du Buysson, 1893), comb. n.; Chrysiseldari (Radoszkowski, 1893), comb. n.; and Chrysuramlokosewitzi (Radoszkowski, 1889), comb. n.. Ten new synonyms are given: Chrysisauropunctata Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of C.angolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881; C.chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. and C.viridans Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of C.keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887; C.angustifronsvar.ignicollis Trautmann, 1926, syn. n. of C.eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893); C.maracandensisvar.simulatrix Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of C.maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877; C.pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880, syn. n. of Spinoliadallatorreana (Mocsáry, 1896); C.rubricollis du Buysson, 1900, syn. n. of C.eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893); C.subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of C.chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889; C.therates Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of C.principalis Smith, 1874; and Notozuskomarowi Radoszkowski, 1893, syn. n. of Elampusobesus (Mocsáry, 1890). One species is revaluated: Chrysischalcochrysa Mocsáry, 1887. Chrysiskizilkumiana Rosa is the new name for C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 nec Radoszkowski, 1877. Pictures of seventy-seven type specimens are given.
Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1–100. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.486.8753
Introduction
Oktawiusz Wincenty Bourmeister-Radoszkowski was an expert in Hymenoptera. He was born on August 7, 1820 in Łomża (Poland), as the son of a lawyer. Thanks to his teacher, Prof. Antoni Waga, he became interested in natural history, and especially in entomology. In 1838 Radoszkowski moved to St. Petersburg (Russia) and joined the Artillery Officers School. Once graduated, he had the opportunity to visit various parts of the Russian Empire and collect insects. Later, while teaching at the Artillery Academy in St. Petersburg, Radoszkowski organised private entomological meetings with some of his colleagues, mainly officers and officials of the Russian army. Together they decided to create the Russian Entomological Society, which was founded in 1859. Radoszkowski was a very active member of the Society, collecting funds for scientific trips, publications, and the library and establishing contacts with other entomological societies in Europe. He was vice-chairman of the Society from 1861 to 1866, and then Chairman from 1867 to 1879. As a retired general in 1879 Radoszkowski settled in Warsaw (Poland), where he continued his scientific work until his death on May 13, 1895 (Dylewska et al. 1973). The Radoszkowski collection currently contains nearly 30,000 specimens, including some Hymenoptera from Eduard Friedrich Eversmann’s collection, mainly Ichneumonidae.
Radoszkowski studied Chrysididae, Mutillidae, and Apoidea. He received specimens collected across the Russian Empire by officers and members of the Russian Entomological Society. Radoszkowski also exchanged insects with other European specialists (e.g. Chrysididae with du Buysson, Gribodo and Mocsáry) (P. Rosa pers. comm.). During his lifetime he wrote 112 papers, seventy-four of which related to systematics and faunistics of Hymenoptera. Radoszkowski described hundreds of new species of Hymenoptera and assigned eighty specific names to Chrysididae. Most of these specimens were kept in his collection, with a small part of chrysidids, mainly collected by Fedtschenko in Turkestan (Radoszkowski 1877), conserved in Moscow (MMU). Nevertheless, some of Fedtschenko’s specimens and types are also housed in Kraków and are easily identified by the printed labels in Cyrillic. Other types, described in other publications, and various specimens are also deposited in Berlin (MNHU), Budapest (HNHM), Genova (MSNG) and Paris (MNHN) and have been checked.
In 1898, three years after his death, Radoszkowski’s wife donated his collection to the Poznań Society of Friends of Science. In 1899, some types (duplicates from the type series, but in some cases also primary types) were given in exchange to the Zoological Museum of the University of Berlin, including a few Chrysididae. In 1902 the rest of the collection was given in exchange to the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków, and now is housed in the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals at the Polish Academy of Sciences (ISEA-PAN). Other Chrysididae types were sent by Radoszkowski to the most imporant authors of his time; this is the reason why many types are nowaday spread in other museums (du Buysson (MNHN), Mocsáry (HNHM), and Gribodo (MSNG)).
Within the Chrysididae family, three species names have been dedicated to Radoszkowski: Primeuchroeusradoszkowskii (Gribodo, 1879), Cleptesradoszkowskii Mocsáry, 1889, and Hedychrumradoszkowskyi du Buysson, 1893. Some additional taxa, and even some genera in different families, are also dedicated to him: Radoszkowskius (Mutillidae) and Radoszkowskiana (Megachilidae).
The Radoszkowski Chrysididae collection in Kraków is housed in four large entomological boxes and includes approximately 1,140 specimens. The collection includes 183 types of Chrysididae representing 124 taxa: seventy-one holotypes, eight lectotypes, sixty-five syntypes, and thirty-nine paralectotypes. The collection houses types described by Eversmann, du Buysson, Gribodo, Mocsáry, and, most of all, Radoszkowski himself. The specimens are arranged in the systematic order left by Radoszkowski, which follows that proposed by Mocsáry (1889).
Eversmann’s Chrysididae collection is merged in the Chrysididae Radoszkowski collection in ISEA-PAN. Eversmann (1857) published only one paper on Chrysididae (Fauna Hymenopterologica Volgo-Uralensis), in which he described seven Chrysididae species: Chrysisamoena, C.cylindrica, Elampusambiguus, E.bidentatus, E.femoralis, Hedychrumflavipes and Parnopespopovi. All the types of these species are preserved in ISEA-PAN and five were later redescribed by Radoszkowski (Radoszkovsky 1866).
According to the visitor diary and the registration handbook of the museum, nobody has examined the entire collection since Mocsáry (around 1889) and du Buysson (1896). Only Móczár (1997) and Bohart (in the 80s of last century) borrowed some specimens of the genus Cleptes and some African Chrysididae. All the Chrysididae in the Radoszkowski collection were examined by P. Rosa in June 2012, and by B. Wiśniowski from January to February 2013, with a focus on the type specimens. In order to facilitate their future identifications, all types were labelled in red with clear indications of their status.
The name “Radoszkowski” was written in his publications in different ways. Four different spellings of this name exist in published papers dealing with Chrysididae: Radoczkowsky (1881), Radoszkovsky (1866, 1872, 1877 (1876), 1880 (1879), 1881), Radoszkowsky (1877 (1876), 1884), and, the most common, Radoszkowski (1877, 1887, 1889, 1890 (1889–1890), 1891a, 1891b, 1893a, 1893b).
The aim of this article is to provide label information, bibliographic data, current status, remarks for the type material, and to resolve confusion regarding previous lectotype designations, incorrect combinations, synonymies, placement in species groups and repository of these types.
Material and methods
Terminology and classification of the genera follow Kimsey and Bohart (1991), classification of species and species groups follow Fauna Europaea (Rosa and Soon 2012), Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1987, 1994, 1997, 1999), and Rosa (2006a). Abbreviations used in the text are as follows: F-I, F-II, F-III, etc. = flagellum I, flagellum II, flagellum III and so on; S-II = second metasomal sternum; S-III = third metasomal sternum; TFC = transverse frontal carina.
The handwritings of Radoszkowski, Eversmann, du Buysson, and Mocsáry are easily recognized (Rosa 2009) and are helpful in the identification of the type material; almost all of the labels are easily legible, even those in Cyrillic. In only one case the labels have to be interpreted: some taxa described by Radoszkowski in 1891 (Chrysisambigua, C.murgrabi, C.nova, C.semenovi, C.singula, C.subcoerulea, C.unica) bear the same labels – “TR-CAP” [Trans-Caspia] or Saraks [in 2 cases], but not the locality included in the text (Ashkabad). The same inconsistency was observed in other museums with types by Radoszkowski (1891).
Fedtschenko’s codes: specimens collected by Fedtschenko and published by Radoszkowski (1877) bear recognizable printed locality labels in cyrillic. The dating labels have a complicated code: the day is written on a square coloured label; the collecting month is related to the colour (lilac = April; pink = May; blue-green = June; yellow = July; dark blue = August; orange = September); the year is given by different marks: no marks (1879), black line on lower side (1870), and red line on upper side (1871). This code is necessary in order to recognize the type material in collection. The detailed list of the localities visited by Fedtschenko during his expedition to Russian Turkestan and the Kokan Khanate is given by Baker (2004).
Some selected types are here illustrated, such as the newly designated lectotypes. Photographs of the types were taken with Nikon D80 connected to the stereomicroscope Togal SCZ and stacked with the software Combine ZP; the white calibration of the photocamera was applied to reduce the blue effect of the neon light of the Togal microscope.
Types and other specimens have been examined from the following institutions:
HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
ISEA-PAN Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals’ collection at the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
LZM Lund Zoological Museum, University of Lund, Sweden.
MHNG Natural History Museum, Genève, Switzerland.
MMU Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia.
MNHN National Natural History Museum, Paris, France.
MNHU Natural History Museum of the Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.
MSNG Museum of Natural History”G. Doria”, Genoa, Italy.
NMLS Natur Museum, Luzern, Switzerland.
ZIN Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.
ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Results and discussionTypes housed in the Radoszkowski collectionAnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae1EC238B8-F81A-516F-B664-FD1B9672FF05BrugmoiapellucidaRadoszkowski, 1877Plate 1BrugmoiapellucidaRadoszkowski 1877: 26.Type locality.
“Habitat in desertis Kisil-kum”, “Обѣ формы пойманы 10 и 15 мая 1871 г. въ пескахъ Кизилъ-кумъ” [Both specimens collected on the 10th and 15th of May 1871 on the sand of Kisil-kum].
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Brugmoiapellucida [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Кизилъкумъ [printed] // 12. [pink label with red line] // 48 [printed].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed the holotype male in MMU, but the species was described on a syntypic series based on females (“long. 8-9 mm.”). We examined the specimen housed in MMU, which it is truly a female bearing the following labels: 10. [printed on pink label with red line] / Кизилъкумъ [printed] / Brugmoiapellucida Rad. [handwritten red label] / 10.V.1869 [handwritten after Radoszkowski]. We designate it as the lectotype of B.pellucida since the specimen housed in the Radoszkowski collection in ISEA-PAN is a male, and not a female, and it was collected on a different day.
Anyway, we consider the specimen in ISEA-PAN as the second syntype and therefore as the paralectotype, even if two discrepancies are found. The different date (the 12th and not the 15th of May 1971) could be a case of lapsus calami, since the red line is somehow covering the day number. The different sex could be also a case of lapsus calami; indeed, the specimen is bearing the main features listed in the description and the sexual dimorphic characteristics are not so obvious as in other Euchroeus species; Bohart himself (Kimsey and Bohart 1991) confused the sex of the specimen housed in MMU. Evidence that the specimen in ISEA-PAN is the second syntypes are: it was identified by Radoszkowski as Brugmoiapellucida and not as Euchroeusquadratus, the second Euchroeus collected by Fedtschenko in his journeys (Radoszkowski 1877); it was collected in the same locality, month and year (E.quadratus was collected on Mt. Karak on the 7th of May); no other specimen of Brugmoiapellucida identified by Radoszkowski or collected by Fedtschenko was found in MMU, HNHM, MNHN, MNHU and MSNG. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 296), it is listed under the name Brugmoiapellucida Radoszkowski. The generic name Euchroeus Latreille was conserved by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, Opinion 1906).
Brugmoiapellucida Radoszkowski, 1877, paralectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D metasoma, dorsal view.
♂ (here designated) [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks // acceptabilis [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Paralectotypes
2♂♂ and 1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks.
Remarks.
In collection, five specimens under the name Chrysisacceptabilis R. bear the same collecting label. We have excluded one of them from the type series, because it belongs to another species (C.chlorochrysa, in the C.viridissima group) and does not match the original description.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 428) synonymised C.acceptabilis Radoszkowski with C.kokandica Radoszkowski and placed it in the C.splendidula group. However, the specimen labelled by Radoszkowki is consistent with the interpretation of C.acceptabilis provided by Linsenmaier (1968: 113). Based on its very short flagellomeres (F-I and F-II), Linsenmaier placed C.acceptabilis in the C.cerastes group. For this reason, Rosa et al. (2013: 15) consider C.acceptabilis and C.kokandica as two valid species. The examination of the type in MMU confirmed that C.kokandica belongs to the C.splendidula group and it is a different species, not conspecific with C.acceptabilis. To avoid future misidentifications we designate the male specimen labelled by Radoszkowski (Plate 2) as the lectotype of C.acceptabilis.
1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // ambigua [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is damaged. It lacks the left forewing; the metasoma and two legs are glued to the locality label. Another female specimen considered as syntype was found in HNHM bearing the labels: Trans-caspia / anceps n. sp. ambigua Rad. Ashabad <handwritten by both Radoszkowski and Mocsáry> / Chrysismutabilisv.ambigua Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115650 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU.
Linsenmaier (1959: 175; 1968: 112) and Rosa et al. (2013: 15) placed it in the C.cerastes group, but Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 381) placed it in the C.taczanovskii group.
The name is dedicated to Abeille de Perrin and the name perrisi is an incorrect original spelling. Radoszkowski (1889: 25) emended the name perrisi to perrini (“faute d’imprimerie”). The name perrini was later accepted by Mocsáry (1889: 454; Perrisi “e mando typographico secundum auctorem pro Perrini”), Dalla Torre (1892: 43, sub C.perrinii), du Buysson (1896: 17), Bischoff (1913: 47), Trautmann (1927: 171), Linsenmaier (1987: 151), but was considered as an invalid emendation by Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 382). Kimsey & Bohart placed C.perrini in synonymy of C.analis Spinola. We follow the interpretation given by Linsenmaier (1987), who considered C.perrini as a valid species. The second male syntype is housed in MNHU. It belongs to the C.comparata group.
Chrysisanalisvar.perrisi Radoszkovsky, 1880, syntype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C metasoma, ventral view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.
♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Nikolajewka [handwritten] // Erivan [handwritten] // 68 [printed] // rubescens [handwritten by Radoszkowski]
Remarks.
The type is damaged, without both right wings and right mid-leg.
C.analisvar.rubescens was synonymised by Trautmann (1927: 188) with C.analis Spinola, 1808 and his interpretation was followed by Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 382). But the type of C.analisvar.rubescens shows some differences with the typical European specimens of C.analis, in the shape of head, different sculpture and black spots on S-II. The C.analis subgroup needs revision.
Chrysisanalisvar.rubescens Radoszkovsky, 1880, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C metasoma, ventral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.
♀ [box 61]: label with metasoma glued on it // golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // apicalis [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 58 [printed].
Remarks.
The type is damaged: the metasoma is glued on a separate label, the right antenna lacks the flagellum, and the left antenna lacks five flagellomeres. It belongs to the C.succincta group.
“Ararat, entre Sardar-Abadu et Sarabandy (13,000’)” [given in the introduction].
Holotype
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ararat [printed] [yellow label] // araratica R [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Mus. PAN Kraków [handwritten by Dylewska].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 385) placed it in the C.comparata-scutellaris group.
♂ [box 60]: label with tergal segment // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // ashabadensi [handwritten by Radoszkowski sic!].
Remarks.
The type is partly damaged: both hind-legs are missing and both antennae are broken (the left antenna lacks five flagellomeres, the right antenna lacks six); the genital capsule glued on the label is also missing; a few metasomal sternites and tergites are still glued on the label.
It belongs to the C.succincta group and not to the C.elegans group, as supposed by Linsenmaier (1968) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991).
Chrysisashabadensis Radoszkowski, 1891, holotype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorso-lateral view.
(?) ♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // label with genitalia // Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. [printed] // 19 [printed] [pink label] // asiaticus [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 251 [printed].
Remarks.
The type is damaged: it is missing its mid- and left hind-legs; its tibia and tarsi.
Radoszkowski (1877: 21) firstly identified this species as C.analis Spinola. Radoszkowski (1889) illustrated the genitalia of this specimen. It belongs to the C.comparata group.
♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Anam Cochin [printed] [orange label] // auropunctata Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 139 [printed].
Remarks.
The specimen represents the light green variation of Chrysisangolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881. Here we propose the new synonym: Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) auropunctata Mocsáry, 1889 = Chrysisangolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881. It belongs to the C.angolensis group.
“apportée d’Egypte pendant le voyage du comte Branicki”.
Syntype
1♀ [box 60]: Eldar Caucas [printed].
Syntype
1♀ [box 60]: Caucas [printed].
Remarks.
The type locality is probably misinterpreted: Radoszkowski gave “Egypt” as the type locality, but the true type locality should be Caucasus. In fact, the original description is provided in a paper discussing the Russian Hymenoptera (Matériaux pour servir à une faune hyménoptèròlogique de la Russie) in which all of the other species described were collected in Caucasus. In the same journal, Radoszkowsky listed the material collected in Egypt by Count Branicki, the Polish nobleman who financed many scientific trips to Egypt and who sponsored Professor Waga, Radoszkowski’s teacher (Comte-rendu des Hyménoptères recueillis en Egypte et Abyssinie en 1873). Radoszkowski dedicated this chrysidid to Branicki, and most likely confused the localities. One syntype is also deposited in MNHU. It belongs to the C.bihamata group.
Current status.
Chrysisbranickii Radoszkovsky, 1877 (emended by Radoszkovsky 1877: 146).
1♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Caucasus [printed] // 30 [printed] // caucasica [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // sexdentataChrcaucasica R. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Syntype
1♀ [box 62]: Caucasus [printed].
Remarks.
Mocsáry (1889: 537) synonymised it with Chrysissexdentata Christ, 1791. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 475) placed C.caucasica and C.sexdentata in synonymy with C.variegata Olivier, 1791. All the authors before Kimsey and Bohart (1991) (e.g. Mocsáry 1889: 597; Dalla Torre 1892: 87; Bischoff 1913: 29; Trautmann 1927: 86) and after (e.g. Linsenmaier 1997: 286; Rosa 2005: 90, Strumia 1995), with the only exception of Mingo (1994), considered C.variegata as a synonym of Euchroeuspurpuratus (Fabricius, 1787). For detailed considerations see Linsenmaier (1997) and Rosa (2005). It belongs to the C.smaragdula group sensuKimsey and Bohart (1991).
Current status.
Chrysissexdentata Christ, 1791 (synonymised by Mocsáry 1889).
The type is badly damaged missing the head, pronotum, fore-legs, and some tarsi of the hind-legs. It is closely related to C.tenella Mocsáry, 1889; the main difference is the shape of the pits in the pit-row of the third tergite. Mocsáry (1889) described the two species mainly based on the colouration. Since the body colouration and the pits in the pit-row may be variable, C.chalcophana could be synonym of C.tenella. It belongs to the C.millenaris group.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae5B1D985D-2DA8-555F-971C-13AA7FB2DF73Chrysischevrierivar.orientalisMocsáry, 1889Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) Chevrierivar.orientalisMocsáry 1889: 480, nec Guérin-Méneville, 1842.Type locality.
“Patria: Græcia (Parnassus, Coll. Schmiedeknecthi! Ephesus, Mus. Turicense!) et Caucasus (Coll. Rad.! Mus. Hung. et Vindob.! et Coll. Fairmaieri!)”.
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 61]: Caucas Mlok [printed] // 263 [handwritten by Mocsáry] // var. orientalis Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Twelve other specimens bearing the same locality labels, but without handwritten identification labels by Radoszkowski, could be considered as paralectotypes. The lectotype was designated by Moczár (1965: 174) at HNHM. Linsenmaier (1959: 149) replaced the name orientalisMocsáry 1889 with orientica (comparatassp.orientica) and considered it as the greenish oriental subspecies of C.comparata Lepeletier, 1806. It belongs to the C.comparata group.
1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ashabad [printed] [yellow label] // chlorochrysa Mocs. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry] // 39 [handwritten] // 127 [printed] // label with genitalia.
Remarks.
Du Buysson (in André) (1895: 500) considered Chrysissubcoerula as the female of chlorochrysa, but without synonymizing it (Obs. - Le female décrit par M. le général O. Radoszkowsky appartient à laC.chlorochrysaMocs., d’après le spécimen que l’auteur a eu l’amabilité de m’envoyer.). One female from Saraks, probably not a type, is housed in MNHN. It belongs to the C.viridissima group sensu Linsenmaier.
Chrysischlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889, syntype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.
“Patria: Turkestania (Taschkend, Coll. Rad.! et Mus. Hung.)”.
Paralectotypes
6♀♀ [box 61]: all specimens bear label Tachkend [printed]; two specimens bear a golden rounded label, one of them bears also other two labels: “chrysochlora Mocs” [handwritten by Radoszkowski], “5.” and “126” [printed]; other two specimens bear unreadable label [handwritten]; one specimen bears a label Kapaxymь [handwritten].
Remarks.
Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 396) designated a female collected at Tashkent in HNHM as the lectotype. After type examination, we found that Chrysischrysochlora is the female of C.keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887.
The name C.chrysochlora is commonly found in collections because Linsenmaier (1959: 161) included C.chrysochlora and the subspecies korbiana Mocsáry, 1912 in his revision of the European species. In recent years only Tarbinsky (2000: 193) used C.chrysochlora as a valid name in the key of the C.ignita group of Tian-Shan. Nevertheless, there is no reason to ask for the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we propose the new synonym Chrysischrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889 = Chrysiskeriensis Radoszkowski, 1887. It belongs to the C.ignita group.
1♀ [box 60]: label with glued metasoma // Caucas Mlok [printed] // Phryne ab. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 216 [printed] // circe Moc. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Syntype
1♀ [box 60]: Caucas Nlokos [printed sic!] // candens [handwritten by du Buysson] [light blue label] // dark blue rounded label // 103 [printed] // ChrysisCirce Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
1♂ [box 61]: Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // label with genitalia // rubescens ♂ [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // consobrina Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 341) designated a female collected in Transcaspia and housed at HNHM as the lectotype, and it was later placed in the C.scutellaris group in synonymy with C.soror (Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464). Bohart’s lectotype belongs to another species group: the C.maculicornis group sensuKimsey and Bohart (1991) or C.cerastes group sensuLinsenmaier (1959, 1968), being similar to C.annulata du Buysson and related species. Rosa et al. (2014) revalidated the species. A revision of this group is needed to clarify the position of various taxa, included C.consobrina.
As in other cases of taxa described in 1891 (e.g. C.simulatrix and C.unica), the specimens considered as syntypes bear the generic locality label “Trans-Caspia” and not “Ashabad”. A female syntype is housed in HNHM and bears the following labels: Trans-Caspia / consobrinavar.nova <handwritten by Radoszkowski> / Chrysisscutellarisv.nova Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115649 HNHM Hym. coll. It was described as a variation of C.consobrina, and it matches with the paralectotypes of C.consobrina in the Radoszkowski collection. It belongs to the C.scutellaris group and it is closely related to C.soror Dahlbom, 1854.
Current status.
Chrysismaracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436).
“in provincia Casanensi” [given in the introduction].
Holotype
♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Saratow [handwritten] // Chrysisn. sp.cylindrica Evm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // 12 [printed] // viridula [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is seriously damaged: it lacks metasoma, tibia and tarsi of the fore- and the hind-legs, the right mid-leg, and tarsi of the left mid-leg. It matches Linsenmaier’s interpretation of the species (1968: 81) and it is not a synonym of C.viridula Linnaeus, 1761 as stated by Mocsáry (1887: 14). It belongs to the C.viridula group.
♂ (here designated) [box 60]: golden rounded label // label with genital capsula // Favorita [Palermo] 5-82 [handwritten].
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 60]: golden rounded label // I. Sicilia. [printed] // 154 [printed] // Daphnis Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 401) considered C.daphnis as a synonym of C.cylindrica Eversmann, 1857, while Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1997) interpreted C.daphnis as a valid species, providing keys and descriptions. Linsenmaier’s interpretation was correct and C.daphnis is a valid species strictly related to C.consanguinea Mocsáry. Mocsáry (1889) described C.consanguinea based on two females (not male and female) from Sicily and Algeria. The two syntypes, examined and housed in MHNG, belong to two different species: C.daphnis and C.consanguinea. Therefore two lectotype designations are needed to place order in this group. We here designate the lectotype based on the specimen selected by Radoszkowski in his revision of the genital capsulae (1889). The paralectotype is damaged: the head lacks the antennae (except the left scapus) and it is glued on the mesosoma; it lacks the right metatibia and tarsi. The lectotype designation of C.consanguinea will be given in a subsequent paper. It belongs to the C.viridula group.
Radoszkowski (1889: 33) emended the species name to C.demabendae from the name of Mt. Demabend. C.demabendae must be considered as an invalid emendation for C.demavendae Radoczkowsky, 1881 according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code. The species is closely related to C.sexdentata Christ, 1791. It belongs to the C.smaragdula group sensuKimsey and Bohart (1991).
“Habitat in valle Sarafshan”, “Пойманъ 8 и 10 мая 1869 г. въ Катты-курганѣ и Заравшанской долинѣ” [collected on 8th and 10th of May 1869 in Katty-Kurgan and in the Zaravshan Valley]. The locality Katty-Kurgan [= Kattakurgan] is in Uzbekistan.
Paralectotype
1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Верхн. Заравш. [printed] // 8. [printed] [pink label] // dentipes [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 43 [printed] // Chrysisdentipes Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 403) designated the lectotype on a female collected at Zaravshan and housed in MMU. It belongs to the C.taczanovskii group.
One of the labels bears the locality Brasilia. Mocsáry himself noted that the locality Mindanao should be related to the Philippine Islands and not to a Brazilian locality.
The particular red colour of the head is quite typical for species distributed in the islands of the Oriental Region. It belongs to the C.angolensis group.
♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Daghest. [printed] // Dournovy [handwritten by du Buysson] // 51 [printed] // Durnovy [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The name dournovii was often incorrectly written in different papers and monographs. Some examples: dournovi (du Buysson (in André) 1893: 246 sub Spinolia; Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 551, sub Spinolia); dournowii (Dalla Torre 1892: 57 sub Chrysis); durnovi (Mocsáry 1889: 285 sub Chrysis (Olochrysis); Semenov 1892: 491 sub Pseudochrysis; Trautmann 1927: 88 sub Spinolia; Linsenmaier 1959: 69 sub Euchroeus (Spinolia)).
Chrysisdubia Radoszkowsky, 1877, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorso-lateral view.
1♂ [box 62]: label with genitalia // Erivan [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 89 [handwritten].
Syntype
1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // erivanensi [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Erivan [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 45.
Possible Syntype
1♂ [box 62]: erivanensis [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Kasbek [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The two syntypes are badly damaged. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 408), without type examination, placed it in the C.smaragdula group because Radoszkowski described C.erivanensis in the section: “Ano sex-dentatae”. Radoszkowski described the anal margin of C.erivanensis as follows: “troisième segment finement variolo-chagriné, sa base bleuâtre; points de la serie profonds, inégales; les quatre dents interieures egales élancées; les dents latérales éloignées, remontant vers la base du segment, très peu accentué”. The anal margin of C.erivanensis has four teeth and two lateral rounded swellings, which cannot be considered as true teeth. Even if the the apical margin of the third tergite is unusual, this species can be included in the C.ignita group for all the other characteristics.
We consider the name C.excisa as a replacement name for C.chevrieri Abeille, nec Mocsáry. Nevertheless, many authors, from Dalla Torre (1892: 59) to Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 409), considered C.excisa as a new species and not a replacement name. If the second interpretation is correct, the male bearing the dissected genitalia could be considered as the holotype, because Radoszkowski drew and described only the male genitalia. Two females without locality labels, but with handwritten name by Radoszkowski, could be considered as part of the type series, but they were not mentioned in the description. They bear the following labels: first specimen: 267 2 [handwritten] // excisa Moc Chevrieri Ab. [handwritten by Radoszkowski]; second specimen: 267 7 [handwritten].
Radoszkowski (1889: figs 52, 53, 55) in his collection dissected three specimens with similar colour and habitus, belonging to the comparata group: one from France (identified as C.excisa), one from Orenbourg (C.analis), and one from Caucasus (C.perrinii). He did not consider that Chrysisanalis was described on specimen collected in Liguria (bordering France) and not from specimens collected in central Russia (Orenbourg on the Ural River). Consequently, Radoszkowski mistakenly identified the Russian specimens as C.analis, and therefore the French specimen as different species based on the very different genital capsula. Mocsáry described this species based only on Radoszkowski’s drawings. However, the shape of the genital capsula of C.excisa Mocsáry is clearly the same of C.analis Spinola, and the examination of the types confirm this synonym. Trautmann (1927: 171) and Linsenmaier (1951: 105) already considered C.excisa as synonym of C.analis, while Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 405) listed C.excisa as a valid name. We here confirm the synonym C.excisa Mocsáry, 1889 = C.analis Spinola, 1808. It belongs to the C.comparata group.
Current status.
Chrysisanalis Spinola, 1808 (synonymised by Trautmann 1927: 171).
♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tachkend [printed] // exigua Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 22 [printed].
Remarks.
Chrysisexigua belongs to the C.cerastes group.
Current status.
Chrysisdistincta Mocsáry, 1887 (synonymised by Linsenmaier 1968: 109).
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididaeD51D1A87-428B-5EEE-92AF-3EB788533070ChrysisfoveataRadoszkowski, 1877ChrysisfoveataRadoszkowski 1877: 13 nec Dahlbom, 1845.Type locality.
“Habitat in valle Sarafschan et ad Maracanda [=Samarkand]”, “Bидъ египетскій; пойманъ 12 мая въ Заравшанской долинѣ и 17 іюня 1869 г. въ Самаркандѣ” [Egyptian species; it was collected on the 12th of May in the Zaravshan Valley, and on the 17th of June 1869 at Samarkand].
Syntype
1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Урмитанъ [printed] [Urmitan, along the Zarafshan river] // 12 [pink label] // 113 [printed] // foveata [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // foveata Rad genalis Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Radoszkowski (1877: 13) described Chrysisfoveata (necfoveata Dahlbom, 1845) based on some syntypes (at least 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ collected at Maracand [currently Samarkand] and in the Zaravshan valley). Later Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski 1889) gave the replacement name C.genalis. In the same paper, Radoszkowski (1889: 18; figs 35a, 35b) drew some precise line-drawings of the genital capsule of the male housed in his collection. We do not consider this male as the male syntype, because collected at Tashkent on the 1st of May, day and locality not included in the original description; it bears the labels: golden rounded label // Tachkend [printed] // label with genital capsule // Taшк 1 Maя [handwritten]. Figures of the type and discussions are published in Rosa and Hosseinali (2013). The specimen housed in MMU and considered as holotype by Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 490 sub C.genalis) cannot be considered as lectotype by inference according to ICZN (art. 74.5); it bears the labels: Искандеръ [Iskander] / 17 [printed on blue-green label]. It belongs to the C.radians group (Rosa and Hosseinali 2013).
Current status.
Chrysuragenalis (Mocsáry, 1887), replacement name for C.foveata Radoszkowski, 1877 (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).
♂ [box 61]: Ϲыръ-Дарья [printed] // golden rounded label // fulvicornis Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 135 [printed] // Chrysisn.sp.fulvicornis Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
The specimen matches the original description. Probably the discrepancy between the locality given in the text [Taschkend] and the one on the label [Syr Daria] is a case of lapsus calami. It belongs to the C.maculicornis group.
Chrysisgabonensis Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergite, lateral view.
1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // label with genitalia // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // gertabi ♂ [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Mus PAN Kraków [handwritten by Dylewska].
Remarks.
A syntype male is housed in HNHM and bears the following labels: Ashabad Gertabi Rad. n. sp. <handwritten by Radoszkowski and Mocsáry> / Transcapia / Chrysismutabilisv.Germari (!) Rad det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115619 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU. It belongs to the C.cerastes group.
Current status.
Chrysismutabilis du Buysson, 1887 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 441).
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae2BB6EC70-A6D6-5E28-875C-C7F69867D2B6ChrysishimalayensisMocsáry, 1889Plate 21Chrysis (Pentachrysis) himalayensisMocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 31.Type locality.
“Himalaya”.
Holotype
♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Hymaj [printed] [yellow label] // symbol // label with genitalia.
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 534) synonymised Chrysishimalayensis with Praestochrysisshanghaiensis. The affinity was already noticed by Radoszkowski (1889: 31). However, the type shows apparent differences in comparison with the male of P.shanghaiensis. In particular the double TFC, the relative length of antennomeres, the distance between the posterior ocelli, the shape of the metanotal projection, etc. These characteristics confirm that this species could be a valid species.
Chrysisjelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891, syntype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.
♂ [not ♀] [box 61]: golden rounded label // Keria Daria Przewal [printed] [yellow label] // Kerij Rad [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 192 [printed] // Ch.Keriensis M.S.GR T XXI [underlined] p. 47 [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Chrysiskeriensis Radoszkowski, 1887 is the male of C.chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889. It was treated only by Mocsáry (1889: 516), and listed in checklists by Dalla Torre (1892: 73), Bischoff (1913: 54), Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 427) and Kurzenko and Lelej (2007: 1005). Mocsáry (1889) redescribed the male type of C.keriensis immediately after the description of the female of C.chrysochlora. The differences observed by Mocsáry (1889) between C.keriensis and C.chrysochlora are dimorphic sexual dissimilarities.
Chrysiskeriensis Radoszkowski, 1887, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.
1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Frans-Caspi G. Turcmenien E. König [sic! Printed] // [small square pink label without any note] // Komarovy [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Syntype
1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Frans-Caspi G. Turcmenien E. König [sic! Printed].
Remarks.
There are one male and one female in the collection bearing the same locality label: Frans-Caspi [sic] G. Turcmenien E. König. Both syntypes were collected by König and sent to Radoszkowski by Komarow. Another specimen with the same locality label is deposited in MNHN (general collection box 41). The female is badly damaged. It belongs to the C.succincta group.
1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Kriechbaum [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Nov. Holl. [printed] // 254 [printed] // label with the metasoma.
Possible Paralectotype
1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Nov. Holl. [printed].
Remarks.
The specimens are part of the type series described by Gribodo. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 542) designated the lectotype in Drewsen’s collection in ZMUC. Another paralectotype is housed in MSNG (Rosa 2009: 239). It belongs to the P.faustus group.
Current status.
Primeuchroeuskriechbaumeri (Gribodo, 1879) (transferred by Bohart 1988: 24).
♂ [here designated] [box 60]: Cauca Mlokos [printed] // label with genital capsula // Lagodechii [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 284 [handwritten by Mocsáry] // angustifrons [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 60]: Caucas [printed].
Remarks.
Two males and one female collected in Caucasus were found under the name Chrysislagodechii Rad. We consider the two males as types, and we exclude the female bearing the label “Eldar Caucas” [printed], because Radoszkowski did not mention any female in his description. This female specimen belongs to the genus Chrysura. Since various species are present under the same name, we here designate the lectotype based on one male of the type series. It belongs to the C.elegans group.
1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Caucas Port [printed] [light blue label] // Erevan [?] [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Lepida Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 114 [printed].
Remarks.
The specimen is partly damaged, and the metasoma is glued to the mesosoma. Mocsáry (1889) described Chrysislepida based on at least two specimens collected at Erivan and preserved in the Radoszkowski collection and in HNHM. Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 342) designated the lectotype in HNHM. The lectotype housed in HNHM bears the labels: Kaukasus Erivan / lepida Mocs. typ. det. Mocsáry / red label / Holotypus Chrysislepida ♀ Mocs. RM Bohart / id nr. 135152 HNHM Hym. coll. It belongs to the C.elegans group.
“Habitat in valle Sarafschan et in desertis prope Taschkent”, “Пойманъ 2 іюня въ Заравшанской долинѣ, 9 іюня 1869 г. въ Самаркандѣ и 28 мая 1871 г. въ степи между Сыръ-дарьей и Ташкентомъ” [collected on the 2nd of June in the Zaravshan Valley, 9th June 1869 at Samarkand and the 28th of May 1871 in steppe between Syr-Darya and Tashkent].
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ташкентъ [printed] 28. [printed] [pink label with red line] // Marakand [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 14 [handwritten] // label with genitalia.
Lectotype designated by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436) based on a male housed in MMU. All the specimens are males and not females as written in the original description. In the Radoszkowski collection there is another specimen collected at Taschkent, also with the golden rounded label, which is not considered as a paralectotype because the locality label is printed in Latin [Tachkend], while all the specimens described in 1877 bear labels printed in Cyrillic. It belongs to the C.scutellaris group.
1♂: Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // var. simulatilis [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Radoszkowski described C.maracandensisvar.simulatrix based on a syntype series. In his collection there are five specimens under the label simulatilis (sic). Four of them were collected at Sarakhs, while the fifth was collected in “Trans-Caspia” and bears the label handwritten by Radoszkowski “var. simulatilis”. The latter can be considered as a syntype, in the same way of other species described in 1891 and bearing the same locality label. All the specimens belong to C.maracandensis Radoszkowski. Therefore the synonym: Chrysismaracandensisvar.simulatrix Radoszkowski, 1891 = Chrysismaracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877, is here proposed. Another possible syntype is housed in MNHN (general collection box 41). It belongs to the C.scutellaris group.
The type is partly damaged: it lacks the left antenna, nine flagellomeres of the right one, and the left fore-leg after the coxa. It belongs to the C.comparata group.
Chrysismarginata Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 55 [handwritten] // label with genitalia // 50 [printed] // mirabilis Rad. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is in bad condition, it lacks antennae, the left forewing, as well as part of the left hind-leg. A possible syntype is housed in MNHU. It belongs to the C.facialis group.
“apportée par Mr. Potanin de Mongolie (Kobden [currently Kobdo])”.
Holotype
♀ [box 61]: label with right flagellum and metasoma // golden rounded label // Kansu Kobden-Owatu 12/VIII [handwritten] // Mocsáry [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // ChrysisMocsaryi Rad. (tres interep.) [?] [handwritten by Mocsáry] // Mus. Pan Krakow [hadwritten by Dylewska].
Remarks.
The type is damaged: the right flagellum and the metasoma are glued on a label. It belongs to the C.comparata group.
(?) 1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks // Murgrabi [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Museum PAN Krakow [handwritten by Dylewska].
Remarks.
According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 435) the syntypes of Chrysismurgrabi are preserved in the Radoszkowski collection. The description of C.murgrabi was based on one male and one female, but now there is only one male specimen left in the collection. It is badly damaged, the right forewing is missing, and the metasoma was found in the box and glued on a separate label. The locality given on the label (Transcaspia) is not accurate, compared with the locality given in the text (Murgrab = Murgab, currently in Tajikistan), however it cannot be excluded from the syntypes based only the locality, because the specimens described by Radoszkowski in 1891 bear not precise locality labels. Radoszkowski (1893b: 81) emended the name to C.murgabi, but this name must be considered as an unjustified emendation according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code. It belongs to the C.maculicornis group.
Current status.
Chrysismaculicornis Klug, 1845 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 130 [printed] // obscura Rad chalcochrysa Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // undulata Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 461) placed Chrysischalcochrysa in synonymy with C.scutellaris Fabricius, without type examination. C.obscura belongs to the C.succincta group and not to the C.scutellaris group. C.chalcochrysa is a valid taxon related to the C.grohmanni subgroup, with a unique colouration of the mesosoma.
Chrysischalcochrysa Mocsáry, 1887, replacement name for obscura Radoszkovsky nec Smith, 1859, status revived.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae96C7E3B7-1720-5ECD-A9AF-4E31B76E5B10Chrysisoctaviidu Buysson, 1895Plate 30Chrysisoctaviidu Buysson (in André) 1895: 476.Type locality.
“Égypte (Radoszkowsky); Sicile”.
Syntype
1♀ [box 61]: Taczano [printed] // Egyptus. [printed] [blue label] // episcopalis [handwritten by Rad.] // 92 [printed] // Chrysis (Pyria) Octavii Buyss. n.sp. [handwritten by du Buysson] [orange label].
Remarks.
The type is badly damaged, missing the compound eyes, some legs and the ventral surface (including the internal segments). The second syntype is housed in MNHN. It belongs to the C.taczanovskii group.
Under the locality label ‘Amasis’ there is a second locality label: Algeria. The species was described based on one specimen collected at Amasis (not “Atrek”, in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 493). Algeria is the locality of the nominal species. It belongs to the C.cuprea group.
Current status.
Chrysuraoraniensis (Lucas, 1849) (synonymised by Trautmann 1927: 117; transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 493).
The description of Chrysispatriarchalis was based on syntypes. The type locality Etschmiadzine (= Etchmiadzin), currently Vagharshapat, Armenia, is close to Erivan.
Current status.
Spintharinaversicolor (Spinola, 1808) (synonymised by Mocsáry 1887: 15; transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 558).
♀ (here designed) [box 60]: golden rounded label // Pers Mlok [printed] [orange label] // Demabend [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Chrysogonapumila Klug (assimilis Dhlb.) [handwritten by Mocsáry] // Ch.Persica exempl [...]gate typique, on a decrib d’apres cet exemplars [handwritten, partly unreadable].
Paralectotype
1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Pers Mlok [printed] [orange label] // Demabend [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 53 [printed] // persica [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Chrysogonapumila Klug (assimilis Spin.) [handwritten by Mocsary].
Remarks.
After Mocsáry’s monograph (1889: 183), C.persica was always considered as a synonym of C.pumila Klug. Linsenmaier (1959: 171) revalidated the taxon at first, but after a few years he changed his interpretation and placed C.persica again in synonymy with C.pumila (Linsenmaier 1987: 155). Since one of the two syntypes is seriously damaged, we here designate the lectotype of C.persica and confirm that it is synonym of C.pumila Klug, 1845 (= C.pumilasensuLinsenmaier (1987)); the case is discussed in detail in Rosa and Xu (2015). The lectotype lacks some flagellomeres (3–11) from the left antenna, some tarsi on the left fore-leg; head and propleurae are partially separated from the rest of the body.
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Algeria [printed] [blue label] // poecilochroa Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 123 [printed] // label with genitalia.
Remarks.
Linsenmaier (1968: 110) considered Chrysispoecilochroa the northern African subspecies of C.distincta Mocsáry. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 405) considered C.poecilochroa as a synonym of C.distincta Mocsáry, 1887. It belongs to the C.cerastes group.
“Zaïdam, les chaines des montagnes Keria (9000’)”.
Holotype
♂ [box 61]: label with the metasoma // golden rounded label // Caidom Przewal [printed] [yellow label] // n.sp Przewalski [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 191 [printed].
Remarks.
The type is damaged, missing of the right hind-leg and some tarsi from the left mid- and hind-legs; the metasoma is glued on a label. It is included in the C.pulchella group (Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 452).
♀ (not ♂) [box 62]: golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 9 [printed] // pulchra [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Spinoliamagnifica Dah pulchra Rad [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Chrysispulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880 and C.sulcata Radoszkovsky, 1866 nec Dahlbom, 1845 were synonymised with C.lamprosoma Förster, 1853 [currently Spinolia] by Mocsáry (1887: 16). Few years later Mocsáry (1896: 2) described Chrysis (Spinolia) dallatorreana based on the specimens housed in HNHM.
S.dallatorreana is now found to be a synonym of S.pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880. However, S.dallatorreana is currently in use after Mocsáry’s monograph (1889), even if Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 551) placed it in synonymy with S.insignis (Lucas, 1849). Only two authors accepted the synonym: Mingo (1994: 225) and Tyrner (2007: 49; (in Macek et al.) 2010: 66). Kimsey (1986: 106) designated the lectotype of S.dallatorreana in MNHN, but Móczár (1964b: 448) already designated the lectotype, which is housed in HNHM and was checked.
In order to preserve the nomenclatural stability, we propose the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we consider Chrysispulchra as nomen oblitum and Chrysisdallatorreana as nomen protectum. According to Code, the reversal of precedence can be applied only when the two following conditions are both met: when the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (Art. 23.9.1.1) and when the the junior synonym has been used in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (23.9.1.2).
In this case, S.pulchra was never used again as a valid species name after 1887. Unfortunately, only 16 works citing S.dallatorreana were published in the last 50 years (excluding other three papers dated from 1954 to 1959); on the other hand, at least 10 authors considered dallatorreana as a valid name: Kimsey (1983: 145; 1986: 106); Linsenmaier (1968: 41; 1969: 354; 1987: 144; 1997: 261; 1999: 96; sub Euchroeus (Spinolia)); Mingo (1975: 135 sub Euchroeus (Spinolia)); Móczár (1964b: 448; 1967: 62); Negru (1965: 198); Rosa (2005: 36; 2006b: 92); Schmidt (1977: 107); Strumia and Yildirim (2009: 85); Wiśniowski and Strumia (2007: 81). Other three authors listed and described S.dallatorreana, but after the period of 50 years: Haupt (1956: 121), Linsenmaier (1959: 69) and Zimmermann (1954: 5). Since the conditions are not met, we apply to the Art. 23.9.3. of the Code: if the conditions of 23.9.1 are not met but nevertheless an author considers that the use of the older synonym or homonym would threaten stability or universality or cause confusion, and so wishes to maintain use of the junior synonym, he must refer the matter to the Commission for a ruling under the plenary power [Art. 81]. While the case is under consideration use of the junior name is to be maintained [Art. 82]. A paper with all the cases found in other museums will be soon forwarded to the ICZN. Meanwhile the name S.dallatorreana must be maintained.
1♂ [box 61]; Caucas Mlokos [printed] // label with genitalia.
Remarks.
According to interpretation of the species by Linsenmaier (1968) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991), Chrysisremota belongs to the C.graelsii group. The lectotype designation is necessary because the syntypes belong to two different species. The specimen selected as lectotype belongs to the C.graelsii group, while the paralectotype to the C.maculicornis group.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae9E1E77D0-1D99-5E6E-9842-2DEDBDDC0EE3Chrysisrutilansvar.asiaticaMocsáry, 1889Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) rutilansvar.AsiaticaMocsáry 1889: 448 nec Radoszkowski, 1889.Type locality.
“Turkestania, Taschkend (Coll. Rad.)”.
Syntype
1♀ [box 61]: Tachkend [printed] // 214 [printed] // var. asiatica Mocs. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // splendidula Dlb [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Syntype
1♀ [box 61]: label with two legs and the metasoma // Ashabad [printed] [yellow label] // 244 [printed] // var. asiati. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (1912) replaced the name in C.insperatassp.mesasiatica. Another possible syntype is housed in MNHN (general collection box 48). It belongs to the C.splendidula group.
Current status.
Chrysisdecora Mocsáry, 1889 (replacement name for Chrysissuperba Radoszkowski, 1877) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 402).
“Habitat in monte Karak”, “Три ♂ этого вида пойманы 7 мая 1871 г. нa горѣ Каракъ” [Three males of this species were collected on the 7th of May 1871 on the Karak mountain].
Syntype
1♀ [not a male!] [box 62]: golden rounded label // sabulosa [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 7. [printed] [pink label with red line] // Каракь [printed] // 118 [printed] // label with metasoma.
Remarks.
The type is seriously damaged: it lacks the left antenna and the right flagellum, the mid- and hind-legs; the face is partially covered by glue; the prothorax is glued to the mesothorax; the metasoma is glued on a separate label.
In the description, Radoszkowski listed only three males, but the picture of the species (table II, picture 11) undoubtedly shows a female with an exserted ovipositor. Another syntype is found in MMU and it was considered as the holotype by Kimsey and Bohart (1991), it bears the following labels, 7. [pink label with red line] / Каракъ [printed] / Chrysissabulosa Rad. <handwritten red label>. According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991) it belongs to the C.sabulosa group.
♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Верхн. Заравш. // ulianini [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 27. [printed] [pink label] // 52 [printed] // sarafschana Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
The type is seriously damaged, without metasoma and some flagellomeres of antennae. This specimen is also the second syntype of C.uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877.
Mocsáry (1889) described C.sarafschana based on the female syntype of C.uljanini received by Radoszkowski. In his diagnosis, Mocsáry explained the reasons why C.sarafschana [belonging to the C.ignita group] cannot be the female of C.uljanini [belonging to the C.cerastes group]. This interpretation was later followed by other authors: Radoszkowki (1889: tab. 51, the drawing of the genital capsule is not related to the species belonging to the C.ignita group), Dalla Torre (1892: 92, 104), du Buysson (in André) (1895: 506, 512), Bischoff (1910: 58, 61), Tsuneki (1953: 27) and Linsenmaier (1959: 159). For further remarks see under C.uljanini Radoszkowski and C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry.
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label with metasoma glued to it] // Saraksensis [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is in bad condition: it lacks the left flagellum, both fore wings, as well as mid- and hind-legs. The metasoma was found on the bottom of the box and glued on the locality label.
Radoszkowski emended the name C.saraksensis to C.seraxensis (Radoszkowski 1893b: 81), without any comment. The name C.seraxensis was later used by du Buysson ((in Andrè) 1896: 728), Bischoff (1913: 59) and Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaya (1954: 128). The emendation is unjustified according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code: incorrect transliteration or latinization, or use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not to be considered inadvertent errors. The name C.saraksensis is the incorrect transliteration of a locality name written in Arabic. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 428) placed C.saraksensis in synonymy with C.kokandica Radoszkowski in the C.splendidula group. Linsenmaier (1994: 197) revalidated C.sarakensis and placed it in the C.cerastes group. C.saraxensis belongs to the C.cerastes group and cannot be a synonym of C.kokandica Radoszkowski because it belongs to the C.splendidula group.
“Ararat, entre Sardar-Abadu et Sarabandy (13,000’)” [given in the introduction].
Holotype
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ararat [printed] [yellow label] // sardarica R. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is seriously damaged: it lacks the metasoma. Moreover, dermestid damage caused the loss of compound eyes, part of the occiput, left antenna, right flagellum, and both fore-legs. The specimen is pinned, and the pin has broken the mesothorax. It belongs to the C.aestiva group.
♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // Semenovyi [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Mus-PAN Krakow [handwritten by Dylewska] // Lectotype ♀ Chrysissemenovi Rad. R.M. Bohart [handwritten on red label].
Paralectotypes
2♀♀ [box 61]: Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // Mus. PAN Krakow semenovi [handwritten by Dylewska] // Paralectotype ♀ Chrysissemenovi Rad. R.M. Bohart [handwritten on red label].
Remarks.
Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 461) designated the lectotype and placed Chrysissemenovi in the C.comparata-scutellaris group. The three specimens labelled by Bohart were found under the label C.semenovi R. and belong to two different species. However, the two specimens considered as paralectotypes have not been labelled by Radoszkowski and do not match the original description. On the anterior surface, the colour of the first tergite is blue contrasting with the red colour of the remaining part of the segment. According to the original description “Abdomen régulièrment scrobiculé feu-doré; premier segment tirant au jaune-doré, les deuxième et troisième plus rouges [...]”.
The specimen selected as lectotype belongs to the cerastes group and not to the comparata-scutellaris group. Radoszkowski himself added in his diagnosis: “Voisine de Chr.incerta Rad.”. C.semenovi is very close to C.annulata Abeille de Perrin (in du Buysson), 1887, and the main characteristics which allows separation of the two species is the shape of the transversal frontal carina. In C.annulata there are two branches directed backwards on the vertex, while in C.semenovi the transversal frontal carina is simple, without branches on the vertex.
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // serena [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Chrysisserena belongs to the C.viridula group. The type lacks the right hind-leg, tarsi of the right mid-leg, as well as part of the right flagellum; fore wings are partially ripped.
1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // yellow rounded label // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // singula [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Syntypes
2♀♀ [box 61]: yellow rounded label.
Remarks.
Radoszkowski described this species based on a syntype series (“7-8 1/3 mill.”). Nowadays in the collection there is only one specimen bearing the locality label and the handwritten label “singula” by Radoszkowski. In HNHM there is another female syntype labelled: Astrabad singula Rad. n.sp. <handwritten by both Radoszkowski and Mocsáry> / Chrysisgrohmanniv.singula Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115604 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU and other two possible syntypes are deposited in MNHN (general collection box 54).
Linsenmaier (1959: 109; 1968: 62) used the name Chrysisgrohmannissp.bolivari Mercet, 1902 (erroneously written bolivieri) for the specimens belonging to C.singula Radoszkowski; Linsenmaier clearly wrote that he did not know C.singula Radoszkowski. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 416) included C.singula in the synonymic list of C.grohmanni Dahlbom. Chrysisgrohmannigrohmanni Dahlbom is limited to the western Europe and North Africa (from Morocco to Tunisia). Various sister species (treated as subspecies by Linsenmaier) occur in eastern Europe, North Africa, Near East to central Asia. It belongs to the C.succincta group.
Chrysissingula Radoszkowski, 1891, syntype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.
1♂ [box 61]: Trans-Caspia // var. unica [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Syntype
1♂ [box 61]: Trans-Caspia // var. unica ♂ [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // label with genitalia.
Syntype
1♀ [box 61]: Trans-Caspia // unica ♀ [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
As in other cases of species described in 1891 (e.g. nova, simulatrix), the specimens considered as syntypes bear the label “Trans-Caspia” and not “Ashabad”. Another female syntype is housed in HNHM bearing the labels: Trans-Kaspia / splendidulavar.unica <handwritten by Radoszkovski> / Chrysissplendidulav.unica Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115606 HNHM Hym. coll. These syntypes are closely related to C.chlorisans du Buysson (in André) by the colouration and sculpture of the body. It belongs to the C.splendidula group.
Current status.
Chrysissplendidula Rossi, 1790 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 465).
♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Asmabad [printed, sic] [yellow label] //subaurata [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Chrysissubaurata is the green form of C.splendidula Rossi, 1790. It was considered as a variation of C.splendidula by du Buysson (in André) (1895: 534), Bischoff (1913: 60), Trautmann (1927: 170) and Linsenmaier (1951: 106). Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed it as a valid species without type examination. It belongs to the C.splendidula group.
Under the name Chrysissubcoerulea R. there are eleven specimens collected at Saraks. One male was sent in loan [Mus-PAN Krakow] but it is the only specimen different from the others and not belonging to the current interpretation of the species. One female is labelled as C.subcoerulea by Radoszkowski and it bears a golden rounded label indicating a type specimen in the Radoszkowski collection. It is not easy to state whether they are truly syntypes, since the collecting locality is different: Saraks instead of Ashabad. As in other cases related to the same publication, it is possible that Ashabad is a locality in error: the two localities are close to each other and the great part of the specimens collected in Turkmenistan come from these two localities. In many other cases the localities given by Radoszkowski in 1891 did not match the locality labels found under the specimens. Another similar specimen is found in MNHN. C.subcoerulea is related with C.viridissima Klug, 1845 and belongs to the same species group. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 467) placed C.subcoerulea in the C.comparatas. str. group, without type examination.
After the examination of the male type of C.chlorochrysa Mocsáry we propose the new synonym: C.subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891 = C.chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889. Du Buysson (1895: 500) already considered C.subcoerula as the female of chlorochrysa, but curiously without synonymizing it (Obs. - Le female décrit par M. le général O. Radoszkowsky appartient à laC.chlorochrysaMocs., d’après le spécimen que l’auteur a eu l’amabilité de m’envoyer.).
Current status.
Chrysischlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididaeFAC48BAB-EAE1-5223-8C5B-96917BFD8666Chrysissuccinctavar.sparsepunctatadu Buysson, 1895Plate 41Chrysissuccinctavar.sparsepunctatadu Buysson (in André) 1895: 422.Type locality.
“Patrie: Province transcaspienne: Saraks (Radoszkowsky)”.
Holotype
♀ [box 60]: Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // C.succinctaL.var.sparsepunctata Buyss. v. nov. [handwritten by du Buysson].
Remarks.
This species belongs to the C.succincta group. It was placed in the synonymic list of C.succincta Linnaeus, 1767 by Kimsey and Bohart (1991) because it was described as one of its variations. The type of C.frivaldszkyi Mocsáry was checked. C.frivaldszkyi and relative species and subspecies are discussed in Rosa (2005) and Rosa and Xu (2015).
“Egypte et Abyssinie” [written in the introduction].
Holotype
♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Egyptus. [printed] [blue label] // Taczano [printed] // Taczanovsk [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 220 [printed] // taczanowski [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is seriously damaged, without forewings and right hind wing; it has no left hind-leg and tarsi of the left mid-leg and right hind-legs; it lacks the sternites and the internal segments. The African form has shorter F-I and narrower scapal basin compared with specimens from Middle East and Caucasian countries. It belongs to the C.taczanovskii group.
♂ [not ♀] [box 60]: Caucasus [printed] // unicolor ? [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 273 [handwritten by Mocsáry] // tenella Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type lacks two segments of the left antenna, right wings, tibia and tarsi of the left fore-leg as well as tarsi of the right hind-leg. It is closely related to C.chalcophana Mocsáry; the main difference is found only in the third tergite, particularly in the shape of the pit-row. It belongs to the C.millenaris group.
♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Senegal. [printed] [green label] // 134 [printed] // modica [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // therates Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 438) synonymised Chrysistherates with C.mediocris Dahlbom, 1845 without type examination. C.therates is cleary separated from C.mediocris even though it belongs to the C.smaragdula group. The type perfectly matches Mocsáry’s description, but this specimen seems to be collected in another biogeographical region. Shape and colour pattern are typical of the Oriental Region. We identify this species as Chrysisprincipalis Smith. We did not examined the type of C.principalis yet, however this specimen matches all the specimens of C.principalis observed in different collections, including those in Linsenmaier’s collection, who examined Smith types (pers. comm. based on unpublished manuscripts found in NML). Very likely, Mocsáry described C.therates as a new species because bearing the label “Senegal”, and no other African species shares similar characteristics. The locality label of C.therates could be in error or this specimen could be accidentally introduced into Senegal by commerce. In fact, Senegal was on the commercial way from South Asia to Europe, and the specimen could be present on any ship along this route. Therefore, we propose the new synonym: C.therates Mocsáry, 1889 = C.principalis Smith, 1874.
♀ [box 60]: Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // transcaspica Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 274 [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
In Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 407), Chrysistranscaspica was placed in synonymy with C.elegans Brullé, 1833. Rosa et al. (2013: 32) revalidated the species based on the different shape of the anal teeth, colour and punctuation. It belongs to the C.elegans group.
Chrysistranscaspica Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C metasoma, second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.
♀ [box 60]: Gedzen [handwritten] [yellow label] // var nostra [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // transcaspicavarnostra [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Chrysistranscaspicavar.nostra was described by Radoszkowski (1891) mainly based on colours: “Premier article des antennes cuivré; premier segment abdominal feu-doré, deuxième et troisième d’un rouge carminé.”. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 407) synonymised C.transcaspica Mocsáry, 1889 and C.transcaspicavar.nostra with C.elegans Lepeletier, 1806. It belongs to the C.elegans group.
The taxonomic position of this species is not clear. The very short malar space (less than 1 MOD); feeble transverse frontal carina joined to the upper margin of the scapal basin; micropunctuated scapal basin; prolonged and teethless anal margin suggest that C.trisinuata could belong to the genus Chrysidea Bischoff. However the general habitus, large dimensions (about 7 mm) and the complete closed cells on the wings place it in the genus Chrysis Linnaeus.
“Habitat in valle Sarafschan et in desertis prope Taschkent”, “Видъ этотъ пойманъ 19 и 27 мая 1869 г. въ Заравшанской долинѣ, 19 мая 1871 г. въ степи между Сыръ-дарьей и Ташкентомъ” [This species was collected on the 19th and 27th of May 1869 in the Zaravshan Valley and the 19th May 1871 in steppe between Syr-Darya and Tashkent].
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. [printed] // 19. [printed] [pink label with red line].
Paralectotype
1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Верхн. Заравш. // ulianini [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 27. [printed] [pink label] // 52 [printed] // sarafschana Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 473) designated the lectotype at MMU. In Radoszkowski’s collection, under the name Uljanini R. there are three male specimens belonging to the C.cerastes group, with very short F-I and F-II: one male paralectotype of C.uljanini, and other two specimens with the same particular colour and thoracic punctuation. The first specimen is the syntype (currently paralectotype) listed by Radoszkowski as: Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. [printed] // 19. [= 19 мая 1871 г. въ степи между Ϲыръ-Дарьей и Ташкентомъ” in the Russian description]. The other two specimens were collected at: “Iskender [Iskenderund?] 20.jul.1870” and “Kizilkum 30 Aug 1870” and they cannot be considered as paralectotypes of C.uljanini. The specimen collected at Kizilkum was dissected by Radoszkowski, who drew the genitalia in his revision (1889: tab.IV, fig. 51). For further remarks see under C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry and C.sarafschana Mocsáry. The second paralectotype is the female selected by Mocsáry as the holotype of C.sarafschana Mocsáry, 1889. It belongs to the C.ignita group.
Chrysisuljanini Radoszkowski, 1877, paralectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae7306CAC5-8117-5C03-B876-236688AFFBD4ChrysisuljaniniRadoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889ChrysisUljaniniRadoszkowski and Mocsáry 1889: 436 nec Radoszkowski, 1877.Type locality.
“Turkestania (Kisil-kum. Coll. Rad.)”.
Holotype
♂ [box 62]: Kizilkum 30 Aug 1870 / label with genitalia / Uljanini Rad. Mocs / Chrysiskizilkumiana Rosa det. P. Rosa 2012
Remarks.
Mocsáry (1889) studied two specimens of Chrysisuljanini lent by Radoszkowski. The female was the syntype collected at Zaravshan on the 27th May 1896, while the male was erroneously considered as syntype. In fact, the male specimen was collected at Kizilkum on the 30th of August 1870 and was not listed in the original description by Radoszkowki (1877), therefore it cannot be considered as a syntype. Radoszkowki (1889: fig. 51) drew the genitalia of this specimen in the revision of the genial capsulae of the Chrysididae. The male belongs to a different species and is conspecific with the male paralectotype of C.uljanini Radoszkowki collected at Tashkent and housed in ISEA-PAN.
Mocsáry (1889) understood that the two specimens of C.uljanini belong to two different species: Clariss.[imo] Auctor [Radoszkowski] sub nomineChrys.Uljanini, secundum specimina typica, duas descripserat species bene distinctas et ego denominationem solum ad marem, etiam depictum, restringo et feminam distinguendae esse censeo [based on the type specimens, Radoszkowski described two well distinct species under the name ChrysisUljanini and I limit this name only to the male, also depicted, and the female has to be separate].
Therefore Mocsáry (1889) considered the male from Kizilkum as C.uljanini, but redescribed it under the name C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry. He also described the female syntype of C.uljanini as C.sarafashanaMocsáry (1889).
The following authors followed Mocsáry’s (1889) interpretation and considered C.uljanini in the C.cerastes group (sensuLinsenmaier 1959) and C.sarafashana in the C.ignita group (Radoszkowki 1891: 190): Dalla Torre (1892: 92, 104), du Buysson (in André) (1895: 506, 512), Bischoff (1913: 58, 61), Tsuneki (1953: 27), Linsenmaier (1959: 159). The same identifications can be found in the most important European collections of Linsenmaier (NMLS), Zimmermann (NHMW) and Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (ZIN). Only Nikol’skaja (in Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaya 1954: 130) gave the name C.uljanini to specimens belonging to the C.ignita group.
At the beginning of 1990 the situation was clear: there were two species (C.uljanini and C.sarafashana) belonging to two different species groups (C.cerastes and C.ignita groups), but the lectotype of C.uljanini should be still designated, based on the male syntype, housed in Krakow and collected at Tashkent, to fix the current interpretation of the two species.
Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991) designated one female syntype found in MMU and belonging to the C.ignita group as the lectotype of C.uljanini. Thus, the name C.sarafashana fallen in synonymy with C.uljanini and the males belonging to the C.cerastes group, till then known as C.uljanini, remained without any name.
To clarify the situation, we consider the name C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 as a junior primary homonym of C.uljanini Radoszkwski, 1877. In fact, Mocsáry did not study nor redescribe the syntype male of C.uljanini, but a different specimen collected at Kizilkum. The evidence of the description of a new species can be found in Mocsáry’s text (1889: 436) and in the index (1889: 633): Mocsáry considered this taxon as C.uljanini Radoszkowki & Mocsáry, 1889 and not as C.uljanini Radoszkowki, 1877. This is the only case in which Mocsáry added his name after the original author name. Therefore all the citations of C.uljanini published from 1889 until Kimsey and Bohart’s monograph (1991) (excluding Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaja 1954) should be referred to this taxon.
Since C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 has to be considered as a primary homonym of C.uljanini Radoszkowki, 1877, we replace it with C.kizilkumiana Rosa, new name. The etymology of this name refers to the collecting place. The holotype of this species is the male studied by Mocsáry and bearing the following labels: “Kizilkum 30 Aug 1870” and “Uljanini Rad. Mocs” [handwritten by Mocsáry]. The accurate description of this taxon is given by Mocsáry (1889: 436) and the drawing of the genital capsule is given by Radoszkowki (1889: tab. IV, fig. 51). The type is conspecific with the paralectotype male of C.uljanini Radoszkowski, whose figures can be found in this article (Plate 49). It belongs to the C.cerastes group.
Current status.
Chrysiskizilkumiana Rosa, replacement name for C.uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 nec Radoszkowski, 1877.
“Habitat in valle Sarafschan et in monte Karak”, “Пойманъ 13 мая 1869 г. въ Джамскомъ ущельи и 6 мая 1871 г. на горѣ Каракъ” [collected on the 13th of May 1869 in the Canyon Djamsk, and on the 6th of May 1871 on the Karak mountain].
Lectotype
(here designated) 1♂ [not ♀] [box 60]: golden rounded label // Каракъ [printed] // vagans [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Spinthr. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 6 [pink label with red line] // 46 [printed].
Remarks.
One male paralectotype is housed in MMU (Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 558). Chrysisvagans is the type species of the genus Spintharina Semenow. We here designate the lectotype on the specimen housed in ISEA-PAN because the specimen in the Fedtschenko collection in MMU does not belong to the same species. The latter belongs to a similar species with different face in frontal view, without distinct TFC and characteristic antero-basal lobe on the third tergite. It belongs to the S.vagans group.
♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Ashabad [printed] [yellow label] // viridicans [sic! handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 396) synonymised Chrysisviridans with C.chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889. In this paper we place C.chrysochlora in synonymy with C.keriensis. Therefore, C.viridans can be considered as a synonym of C.keriensis. Another specimen identified by Radoszkowski is housed in MNHN (general collection box 41). It belongs to the C.ignita group.
“Habitat prope Maracandam, Taschkent et Tschardara”, “Пойманъ 5, 12, 13 и 19 апрѣля 1869 г. въ Самаркандѣ; 3, 5, 8 и 25 апрѣля 1871 г. въ Ташкентѣ и Чардарѣ” [collected on the 5th, 12th, 13th and 19th of April 1869 at Samarkand; on the 3rd, 5th, 8th and 25th of April 1871 at Tashkent and Tschardara].
Paralectotype
1♀ [box 59]: 3 [green label with red line] // Taschkent [printed in cyrillic].
Paralectotype
1♀ [box 59]: 5 [green label with red line] // Taschkent [printed in cyrillic].
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 59]: 8 [green label with red line] // label with genitalia // Taschkent [printed in cyrillic].
Remarks.
Móczár (1997: 39) designated the lectotype of Cleptesmorawitzi in MNHU. Three paralectotypes are housed in Kraków. The male bears a label with only part of the dissected genitalia. Radoszkowski (1889: 6, tab. I) delineated it in his revision on the genital capsules of the Chrysididae (fig. 4a, 4b, 4c). In the description, Radoszkowski did not mention the number of specimens examined, but in the type series there were males and females, and the number of specimens examined was not less than eight (comparing the dates of collection), thus we consider the specimens in the Kraków collection as paralectotypes. They match the original description and the lectotype in MNHU. Five paralectotypes are also housed in Fedtschenko’s collection in MMU, one paralectotype is deposited in MSNG (Rosa 2009).
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 63) included Cleptesradoszkowskii in the Cl.semiauratus group. Móczár (1997: 32) placed Cl.radoszkowskii in the subgenus Holcocleptes, Cl.aerosus group, after type examination. Móczár (1998: 338) added detailed informations, keys, description of the male and the lectotype designation. He found that the male paralectotype of Cl.radoszkowskii belongs to a different species: Cleptesfemoralis Mocsáry, 1889.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididaeE5B401E1-DBAB-50C4-96E7-C298C0BDD431ElampusambiguusEversmann, 1857Plate 54ElampusambiguusEversmann 1857: 549 nec Dahlbom, 1854.Type locality.
“Cepi in provincia Saratoviensi”.
Holotype
♂ [box 59]: scutellum armatum [hadwritten by Eversmann] // red rounded label // blue rounded label // Elampusambiguus Dlbm [handwritten by Eversmann] // Sarat. [handwritten] // golden rounded label // Evermanni Mocs. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 105 [printed].
Remarks.
The description provided by Linsenmaier (1959: 23) is mostly accurate. The main difference is in the colour of the specimen. The type is not entirely black-violet, but rather blue, with a few light blue metallic reflections on legs and on the lateral sides of mesonotum. Only the metanotum and the metanotal projection appear dark blue to dull black.
Elampusambiguus Eversmann, 1857, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view C habitus, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.
♀ [box 59]: Spa... Juni? [handwriting only partly readable] // Elampusbidentulus Kl. Dlbm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // brawn rounded label // red rounded label.
Remarks.
The examination of the type confirms that the name Elampusbidentatus is merely an incorrect spelling of E.bidentulus (Lepeletier, 1806). Eversmann listed this species as “Elampusbidentatus Klug, Dalbm”. But the identification label attached to the type specimen reads “Elampusbidentulus Kl. Dlbm” in Eversmann’s handwriting. Dahlbom (1854) listed E.bidentulus Klug [and not bidentulus Lepeletier] in the dichotomous key (pagg.: 38, 39), in the index (pag. 406), and in the list of examined specimens (pag. 40). Eversmann was confused by this mistake. Dahlbom did not examine Lepeletier’s type and based his keys and description on a single specimen labelled by Klug as E.bidentulus in MNHU. The specimen matches the current interpretation of P.bidentulus (Lepeletier) (Rosa 2006a; Rosa and Xu 2015) and the name can simply be considered an incorrect subsequent spelling.
Current status.
Philoctetesbidentulus (Lepeletier, 1806) (synonymised by Mocsary 1889: 85; transferred by Niehuis 2000).
♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // red rounded label // Elampusfemoralis Evm [handwritten by Eversmann] // Kas. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // type D. Evers. [handwritten] // 80 [printed].
Remarks.
The specimen was originally pinned, and later glued on a plastic label. The right fore-leg is glued apart; it lacks some tarsi in all the legs, with the exception of the right fore-leg and the left hind-leg.
Current status.
Elampusbidens (Förster, 1853) (synonymised by Mocsáry 1889: 73).
♀ [box 59]: Gaidam Przewal [printed] [yellow label] // Mocsaryi Rad [handwritten by Mocsáry] // golden rectangular label // 193 [printed].
Remarks.
The holotype is badly damaged. It lacks the right flagellum and pedicellus; nine flagellomeres of the left antenna; both fore-legs and the right hind-leg; the metasoma is glued to the locality label.
Elampusmocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1887, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head and mesosoma, lateral view C metasoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.
“Ararat, entre Sardar-Abadu et Sarabandy (13,000’)” [given in the introduction].
Syntype
♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Ararat [printed] [yellow label] // Ellampusararaticus Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 224) placed Ellampusararaticus in the genus Holophris, without type examination. Based on the type analysis, E.araraticus belongs to the genus PhiloctetessensuKimsey and Bohart (1991). Another possible syntype is housed in MNHN (general collection box 5). The type is in perfect condition.
Ellampusararaticus Radoszkowski, 1890, syntype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C metasoma, dorso-lateral view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.
“Mongolie: Kansu-Ielisyn-Kuse (Radoszkowsky); Perse: mer Caspienne occidentale”.
Paralectotype
1♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Ellampushypocrites n.sp. Buyss. [handwritten by du Buysson] // Kansu Jelisyn Kuse 20/VII [handwritten].
Remarks.
The species was described on two specimens conserved in MNHN and Kraków. Kimsey and Bohart (1991) included Ellampushypocrita in the genus Omalus, but the punctuation on the mesonotum and the shape of the mesopleuron are typical characteristics of the genus Pseudomalus, therefore we propose the new combination Pseudomalushypocrita (du Buysson, 1893). This specimen is close to P.turkestanicus (Mocsáry, 1889), but the margin of the third tergite has a distinct transparent rim, deeply incised in the middle, with two evident undulations similar to teeth at the notch base. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 248) designated the lectotype by inference of "holotype" (ICZN art. 74.6).
Ellampus (Notozus) obesus Mocsáry, 1890, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head and mesosoma, lateral view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.
Ellampus (Notozus) spinipes Mocsáry, 1890, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B fore-leg, spine on femur C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorso-lateral view.
[sex unknown] [box 59]: 30 [printed] [light blue label] // Пейшамбе [printed] // Tachkent [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // EllampusTurkestanicus Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 194 [printed] [yellow label].
Remarks.
The type is seriously damaged. It lacks both antennae after the scapus, all the legs, wings and the metasoma. Based on the mesosoma punctuation it belongs to the genus Pseudomalus. In the Mocsáry collection (HNHM) there are six specimens labelled as autotypes (from type n° 134857 to type n° 134862), which are not part of the type series, but they were collected in “Turkestan”, after the description.
Current status.
Pseudomalusturkestanicus (Mocsáry, 1889) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 270).
Ellampus (Notozus) violascens Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Mesosoma, dorsal view B mesosoma, lateral view C metasoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorso-lateral view.
♂ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Syra [handwritten] // Holopygaahenea Dhlb. (Hed.callosum Rad.) [handwritten by Mocsáry] // 84 [printed].
Remarks.
Hedychrumcallosum Radoszkovsky, 1877 was considered a synonym of Hedychridiumaheneum (Dahlbom, 1854) by Mocsáry (1887: 13; 1889: 146), Dalla Torre (1892: 20), and Bischoff (1913: 14). Trautmann (1927: 56) considered Hedychridiumaheneum as a variety of H.incrassatum (Dahlbom, 1854), and therefore placed H.callosum in the synonymic list of H.incrassatum. The following authors (e.g. Linsenmaier 1951: 98; Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 196) re-evaluated H.aheneum, but H.callosum remained in synonym with H.incrassatum. Hedychridiumincrassatum is found only in the western Mediterranean countries, while H.aheneum is spread in the eastern Mediterranean countries, Middle East and central Asia (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968). In southern Italy both H.aheneum and H.incrassatum (described from Sicily) are present (Strumia 1995).
Hedychridiumaheneum (Dahlbom, 1854) (synonymised by Mocsáry 1887).
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididaeA383A466-19BB-5F30-8CEA-0BE5DD7D0415HedychrumcyaneumMocsáry, 1889HedychrumcyaneumMocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 10 nec Brullé, 1846.Type locality.
“Sibérie orientale”.
Paralectotype
1♂ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Siberie Orient. [printed] // 109 // cyaneum Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].
Remarks.
Mocsáry described Hedychrumcyaneum (later replaced by He.simile) based on a type series [♂♀]. In the original description (Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889), the only type locality is Siberia orientalis. But in his monograph (Mocsáry 1889: 158, under the replacement name He.simile), he specified: Siberia orientalis (Coll. Rad.! et Mus. Hung.); China borealis (Ta-tschian-sy, Mus. Hung.). The lectotype designated by French (in Bohart and French 1986), from China, is the female listed by Mocsáry.
Current status.
Hedychrumsimile Mocsáry, 1889, replacement name for He.cyaneumMocsáry 1889 (Mocsáry 1889: 158).
“Hab. in campis orientalibus et in promontoriis Uralensibus”.
Syntype
1♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Hedychrumn. sp.flavipes Evm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // [handwriting not readable] // 79 [printed].
Remarks.
The type was originally pinned and later glued on a plastic label with extended ovipositor. The type is partially damaged: the left antenna is broken, glued on the label, and it lacks the tarsus of left mid-leg, as well as two terminal tarsal segments of the right mid-leg.
Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (1954) described the genus Colpopyga based on H.flavipes Eversmann. This species has the metasomal external segments morphologically modified. Noskiewicz and Lorencowa (1963) demonstrated that also the internal segments have a deep modified shape. Future molecular analysis may clarify the systematic position of this taxon.
6♂♂ and 2♀♀ [box 59]: Cauca Mlokos [some with label: Caucas Mloko] [printed].
Remarks.
One syntype was dissected and the genital capsule was glued on a label; this specimen bears a supplementary label: “21” [handwritten]; another male bears a square golden label. One additional syntype is housed in MNHN (general collection, box 11), in MNHU (box 143.8) and in MSNG (Rosa 2009). In Radoszkowski (1889) the name is cited as Ho.Mlokosewitzi Rad., which is an incorrect subsequent spelling.
Holopygamlokosiewitzi (Radoszkovsky, 1877) (transferred by Radoszkovsky 1889: 9).
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae2B8C5284-8B90-5CAC-A45C-C4630B5EBE90Hedychrumradoszkowskyidu Buysson, 1893Figure 11Hedychrumradoszkowskyidu Buysson (in André) 1893: 213.Type locality.
“Algérie (Radoszkowsky)”.
Holotype
♂ [box 59]: Africa [printed] [light blue label] // plastic label with left fore wing glued on it // HedychrumRadoszkowskyi Buyss. n. sp! [handwritten by Buysson].
Remarks.
The type is partially damaged: it lacks the right antenna and left flagellum. The type locality is different from the one given by du Buysson: Africa instead of Algeria. This information is particularly important, because the species has a typical sub-saharan aspect, and it does not belong to the Palaearctic fauna, as supposed by all the authors. Linsenmaier (1999: 45) in his last revision on the northern African species considered He.radoszkowskyi as belonging to the Egyptian fauna (sic!), known only from the type “Mir nicht in Natura bekannt”.
“Habitat in desertis Kisil-kum, in Bairacum et in Ferghana”, “Видъ этотъ пойман въ 1871 г. 1 мая въ Кизилъ-кумахъ, 3, 17 и 19 мая въ Байракумѣ, 29 и 30 іюня въ Сохѣ.” [This species was collected on the 1st of May 1871 at Kisilkumah, on the 3rd, 17th, and 19th of May in Bairacum, on the 29th and 30th of June at Sokha].
Syntype
1♂ [box 59]: 30 [printed] [blue-green label with red line] // Кизилъкумъ // solsky [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // label with genital capsula.
Syntype
1♂ [box 59]: 30 [printed] [blue-green label with red line] // Кизилъкумъ.
Syntype
1♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Кизилъкумъ // 14 [printed] [pink label with red line] // 78 [printed].
Remarks.
The collecting dates do not match the localities given in the original description. However, the same situation was found in the other four specimens housed in the Fedtschenko collection in MMU. Therefore a case of lapsus calami must be happened and we consider these specimens and those in MMU as syntypes. Another possible male syntype collected at Kizil-kum by Fedtschenko was also found in Gribodo collection (MSNG, not listed in Rosa 2009).
Mocsáry (1889: 116) introduced the correct emendation He.solskyi. In Radoszkowski (1889) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 235) it was listed as He.solskii.
♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Semsau Merw [printed] [yellow label] // Komarowi Rd [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The type is damaged, missing antennae and femora of the fore- and mid-legs. The metasoma is glued on a label. It corresponds to the female of Elampusobesus (Mocsáry, 1890). Here it is proposed as new synonym of E.komarowi (Radoszkowski, 1893) = E.obesus (Mocsáry, 1890).
♀ [box 60]: Eldar Caucas [printed] // Eldari [handwritten by Radoszkowski?].
Remarks.
Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 489) placed Olochrysiseldari in the genus Chrysura Dahlbom, C.radians group, without type examination. It belongs to the genus Chrysis, elegans group. It is the first available name for Chrysisangustifronsvar.ignicollis Trautmann, 1926. C.angustifronsvar.ignicollis was described as a variety of C.angustifrons and it was elevated to species rank by Linsenmaier (1959). Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1987) did not list C.eldari in his revisions. We propose the new combination: Chrysiseldari (Radoszkowski 1893), and the new synonym: Chrysisangustifronsvar.ignicollis Trautmann, 1926 = Chrysiseldari (Radoszkowski, 1893). In HNHM, we examined male and female specimens of Chrysisrubricollis du Buysson, 1900 collected at Burnabat (Turkey) and identified by du Buysson and Mocsáry. They all match the original description and belong to Chrysiseldari. Therefore we also propose the new synonym: Chrysisrubricollis du Buysson, 1900 = Chrysiseldari (Radoszkowski, 1893).
Olochrysiseldari Radoszkowski, 1893, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, frontal view D mesosoma, dorsal view E third metasomal tergite in dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.
unknown. “Ararat, entre Sardar-Abadu et Sarabandy (13,000’)” [given in the introduction].
Holotype
♂ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Caucas Mlok [printed] // Mocsary [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
The specimen found in the Radoszkowski collection under the name Spintharismocsaryi was collected by Mlokosewicz in “Caucasus”. In the original description, the locality is not given. The specimen matches the original description. The most important authors (Mocsáry 1889, Dalla Torre 1892, Bischoff 1913, du Buysson (in André) 1896, Zimmermann 1927, Balthasar 1953, and lastly Linsenmaier 1968) considered S.mocsaryi as a valid species. It is a synonym of Spintharinavagans (Radoszkowski). Bohart (1987) did not list S.mocsaryi in the key to the genus Spintharis, probably he already considered S.mocsaryi as a synonym of S.vagans.
Current status.
Spintharinavagans (Radoszkowski, 1877) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 558).
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae9FF9BC77-988A-56CF-A2F4-4C69B4F724DEStilbumsplendidumvar.caspicumdu Buysson, 1896Stilbumsplendidumvar.caspicumdu Buysson (in André) 1896: 680.Type locality.
“Patrie: Province Transcaspienne: Otrek (Radoszkowsky); Abyssinie (J. de Gaulle)”.
Syntype
1♂ [box 60]: Atrek [handwritten] [yellow label] // Stilbumspledidumvar.caspicum Buyss. [handwritten by du Buysson].
Remarks.
Stilbumsplendidumcaspicum is one of the colour variations of S.cyanurum (Forster, 1771).
Current status.
Stilbumcyanurum (Forster, 1771).
Notes on other specimens in the Radoszkowski collectionAnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae4F7104A7-39A0-55D6-AB9F-19120562ADD5Chrysisimperatrixdu Buysson, 1887Chrysisimperatrixdu Buysson 1887: 190.Remarks.
The holotype is housed in MNHN (general collection, box 47). The rest of the original series is in Kraków: one male (Ctenb m. d u t [printed], 19 [printed, pink label], label with genitalia; box 61) and one female (TR-Cap Saraks [printed]). However the two specimens must be excluded from the type series because the author based his description on a single specimen, which must be considered as holotype by monotypy: “Je possède un spécimen qui m’a été envoyé de Russie par M. le général O. Radoszkowsky, bien connu par ses écrits hyménoptérogiques.” It belongs to the comparata group.
In the original description Gribodo listed only two specimens: one in his collection (Rosa 2009) and one in the Drewsen collection. In Radoszkowski’s collection, there are other specimens from the original series: four specimens collected in Australia, two females and two males [box 60]. The males are marked with golden labels - one rounded and one square and they belong to two different species; the specimen with the square one bears a label with the name Radoszkowsky [handwritten by Gribodo?]; these specimens cannot be considered as syntypes, since they were not included in the original series and there is any evidence to state that Gribodo examined them.
Current status.
Primeuchroeusradoszkowskyi (Gribodo, 1879) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 542).
“Habitat in deserto prope Taschkent”, “Пойманы 19 мая 1871 г. въ степи между Сыръ-дарьей и Ташкентомъ” [collected on the 19th of May 1871 in steppe between Syr-Darya and Tashkent].
Paralectotype
[?] 1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ворухъ [printed] // 19. [printed] [blue-green label with red line] // speciosa [hadwritten by Radoszkowski].
Remarks.
Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464) designated the lectotype in MMU and placed Chrysisspeciosa in the maculicornis group. Radoszkowski indicated only the female in the description of C.speciosa on pag. 17, but he gave no further informations or type locality for the var. β described at pag. 18. The specimen was collected at Ворухъ [= Vorukh], locality not mentioned in the description. The specimen housed in Kraków could be referred to the β variety but belongs to the comparata group.
Current status.
Chrysisspeciosa Radoszkowski, 1877.
AnimaliaHymenopteraChrysididae3557F0F2-9320-50FC-A763-9E880D112004ChrysisvaricornisRadoszkowski, 1877 nec Spinola, 1838ChrysisvaricornisRadoszkowski 1877: 11.Remarks.
Five specimens were placed under the name Chrysispicticornis Mocs. [box 60]. Three of them were collected in Caucasus and cannot be considered as syntypes, because the original type locality is Zaravshan Valley. Two females were collected at Taschkent. Usually specimens collected in Turkestan (Radoszkowski 1877) bear labels in Cyrillic. In this case, localities are all written in Latin and for this reason they could not be considered as types. The first specimen bears the handwritten label by Radoszkowski: picticornis Mocs. It belongs to the radians group.
Current status.
Chrysurasulcata Dahlbom, 1845 (synonymised by Linsenmaier 1951: 106; transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 496).
The type locality is “Mongolie: Kansu-Kobden-Owatu”. Kimsey (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 215) designated the lectotype at MNHN. In MNHN (box 17 in the general collection) under the name Hedychrumlama there are two specimens: one from Mongolia, labelled by du Buysson as “type”, and bearing a red label “Type” pinned by someone else; the other specimen from Quetta, Pakistan (Baluchistan, leg. Nurse, 1904), was labelled by du Buysson as “type”. None bears Kimsey’s lectotype label. The specimen from Pakistan is not a syntype, since it is not mentioned in the type series, and it was collected or received after the date of description. The female housed in Kraków (label: Hedychrumlama Buyss. ♀ [handwritten by du Buysson] // Kansu Taitong-Che 1/V 1886 [handwritten]) was later cited by du Buysson (1893: 247) and it is not a type. The specimen from Mongolia in MNHN must be considered as a holotype by monotypy.
Types not found in the Radoszkowski collection
Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed nine other taxa described by different authors whose types should be housed in Kraków, but there is no other published evidence that they were placed in Kraków. They could be housed in other collections (e.g. MNHN, HNHM, MNHU and so on); they could also be hidden in the Radoszkowski collection and we were not able to recognize them.
The nine types not found in the collection are: Chrysisalexandri du Buysson (currently Spintharina), C.angolensis Radoszkovsky, C.baeri Radoszkovsky (currently Chrysura), C.diacantha Mocsáry, C.humboldtivar.minor Mocsáry (currently Pseudospinolia), C.olivierii Radoszkowski, C.pyrocoelia Mocsáry (currently Chrysura), C.undulata Radoszkovsky, and Parnopesgrandiorvar.caspicus Radoszkowski.
Conclusions
Radoszkowski is considered as a pioneer in the study of Chrysididae as he described a large number of species, he was the first author to study the Central Asiatic chrysidis, and because he was the first who recognised the taxonomic importance of male genitalia in this family. However, the types and other specimens included in his collection were not available during the major revisional works (Trautmann 1927; Balthasar 1953; Linsenmaier 1959, 1968; Kimsey and Bohart 1991). Also Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaja could not study Radoszkowski specimens housed in Kraków and examined only the types preserved in the Fedtschenko collection in MMU (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1932). Since there are no published images of the types housed in Radoszkowski collection and because some type specimens had been misinterpreted in the past, the catalogue is illustrated with images to facilitate future identifications.
In the present paper, we arrange for the first time eleven species in species-groups and we change species group for seven species; we confirm that ninety-three primary types by du Buysson, Eversmann, Mocsáry and Radoszkowski are preserved in the Radoszkowski collection. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991) they were placed in Kraków doubtfully. Moreover we found that the types of other three species (Chrysisasiatica Radoszkowski, 1889, C.indigoteavar.daghestanica Mocsáry, 1889, and C.octavii du Buysson, 1895) are here deposited; lastly we found that types of seven taxa (Brugmoiapellucida Radoszkowski, 1877, Chrysisbarrei Radoszkowski, 1891, C.sabulosa Radoszkowski, 1877, Ellampushypocrita du Buysson, 1893, Hedychrumsolskyi Radoszkowski, 1877, Notozusproductusvar.vulgatus du Buysson, 1892, Stilbumsplendidumvar.caspicum du Buysson, 1896) are housed in the Radoszkowski collection and not only in MNHU, MNHN or MMU.
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank Dr. Daniel Kubisz and Dr. Dawid Moroń (ISEA-PAN, Kraków, Poland), for their help during the stay of Paolo Rosa in Kraków and during the work in the collection; Alexander V. Antropov (Moscow, Russia) for pictures of the lectotype of Chrysisuljanini, nomeclatural discussions and for providing Fedtschenko’s collecting labels code. We are grateful to the following curators for their cooperation and assistance in the study of the type material: Dr. Marco Bernasconi (NMLS, Switzerland); Dr. Sergey Belokobylskij (ZIN, Russia); Dr. Roy Danielsson (LZM, Sweden); Dr. Frank Koch (MNHU, Germany); Dr. Bernard Merz (MHNG, Switzerland); Dr. Roberto Poggi (MSNG, Italy); Dr. Zoltán Vas (HNHM, Hungary); Dr. Lars Bjørn Vilhelmsen (ZMU, Denmark). We are also grateful to Werner Arens (Bad Hersfeld, Germany) and Dr. Villu Soon (Tartu, Estonia) for reading the manuscript and their useful comments; David Baldock (Milford Surrey, England) for proofreading the English text, and to two reviewers and subject editor Dr. Michael Engel for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript.
The study was partly supported by SYNTHESYS Project http://www.synthesys.info/ which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 "Capacities" Program" (HU-TAF-4013), by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB127600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30770265).
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