Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica

Abstract 90 species of Euplectrus are treated: 55 newly described, all from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), and 35 previously described species, of which 20 occur in ACG. Three of the previously described species (Euplectrus brasiliensis Ashmead, Euplectrus hircinus (Say), Euplectrus ronnai (Brèthes)) have unknown status, owing to missing or severely damaged type material. The new species, all authored by C. Hansson, are: Euplectrus alejandrovalerioi, Euplectrus alexsmithi, Euplectrus alvarowillei, Euplectrus andybennetti, Euplectrus andydeansi, Euplectrus annettewalkerae, Euplectrus billbrowni, Euplectrus bobwhartoni, Euplectrus carlosarmientoi, Euplectrus carlrettenmeyeri, Euplectrus charlesmicheneri, Euplectrus charlesporteri, Euplectrus chrisdarlingi, Euplectrus chrisgrinteri, Euplectrus corriemoreauae, Euplectrus daveroubiki, Euplectrus davesmithi, Euplectrus davidwahli, Euplectrus dianariasae, Euplectrus donquickei, Euplectrus eowilsoni, Euplectrus garygibsoni, Euplectrus gavinbroadi, Euplectrus gerarddelvarei, Euplectrus henrytownesi, Euplectrus howelldalyi, Euplectrus hugokonsi, Euplectrus iangauldi, Euplectrus jacklonginoi, Euplectrus jesusugaldei, Euplectrus jimwhitfieldi, Euplectrus jjrodriguezae, Euplectrus johnheratyi, Euplectrus johnlasallei, Euplectrus johnnoyesi, Euplectrus josefernandezi, Euplectrus lubomirmasneri, Euplectrus markshawi, Euplectrus mikegatesi, Euplectrus mikeschauffi, Euplectrus mikesharkeyi, Euplectrus ninazitaniae, Euplectrus pammitchellae, Euplectrus paulhansoni, Euplectrus paulheberti, Euplectrus paulhurdi, Euplectrus philwardi, Euplectrus robbinthorpi, Euplectrus ronaldzunigai, Euplectrus roysnellingi, Euplectrus scottshawi, Euplectrus sondrawardae, Euplectrus sydneycameronae, Euplectrus victoriapookae, Euplectrus wonyoungchoi. The species are described or redescribed, and thoroughly and uniformly illustrated, and included in two identification keys, one for females and one for males. Lectotypes are designated for eight species: Euplectrus catocalae Howard (♂), Euplectrus junctus Gahan (♀), Euplectrus leucotrophis Howard (♂), Euplectrus marginatus Ashmead (♀), Euplectrus pachyscaphus Girault (♀), Euplectrus platyhypenae Howard (♂), Euplectrus semimarginatus Girault (♀), Heteroscapus ronnai Brèthes (♂). One synonym is established: Euplectrus walteri Schauff is a junior synonym of Euplectrus testaceipes (Cameron). Brief image notes and host records are provided on the natural history of the wasps as well as the details of their morphology. Hosts are known for 74 Euplectrus species.


Introduction
Larvae of the genus Euplectrus develop as ectoparasitoids on various species of caterpillars that live exposed on their food plants (Schauff and Janzen 2001)  . The species are usually gregarious, with five to several hundred larvae per host caterpillar (Schauff and Janzen 2001). In a few species only one egg is laid per host (Gerling and Limon 1976). Some species of Euplectrus females temporarily paralyze the host (Chattergee 1945) while other species do not (Clausen 1940). Prior to oviposition, the female injects a venom that inhibits further ecdyses of the host caterpillar. Regardless of the fate of the parasitoid larvae, this renders the host caterpillar incapable of molting (which would shed the parasitoid larvae), and it eventually dies Puttler 1988, Coudron et al. 1994) but not until after the wasp larvae are full-sized and ready to spin their cocoons. The eggs have a pedicel with an anchor at the terminus and are fastened to the host with the anchor under the cuticle, but above the hypodermis (Gerling and Limon 1976). They are usually placed on the dorsum of the caterpillar. The parasitoid larvae remain at their oviposition site throughout their development (Gerling and Limon 1976), sucking haemolymph out of the caterpillar. When fully grown, the larvae usually migrate to the underside of the dead host caterpillar to spin a loose cocoon prior to pupation (Gerling and Limon 1976). In some species the larvae spin a communal ruff of cocoons around the dying host, in which they pupate (Schauff and Janzen 2001). The ability of Euplectrus to spin a cocoon is unique among the Eulophidae. The silken material in the cocoon is made by modified malpighian tubules and is secreted through the anal opening (Thomsen 1927). The parasitoid larva undergoes 3-5 molts and the time from egg-laying to adult is two weeks or less (Gerling and Limon 1976).
Euplectrus is a cosmopolitan genus with 141 valid species names prior to this study (Noyes 2014), and forms the bulk of the tribe Euplectrini, which currently includes six additional genera in the Americas (Wijesekara and Schauff 1995). Members of Euplectrus are easy to recognize and differentiate from other Eulophinae through a combination of three easy-to-see characters: hind tibial spurs very long and strong (the longest spur is at least half as long as hind tarsus and serves to help anchor the wasp to the back of the caterpillar while ovipositing), scutellum without lateral grooves/pit-rows, and propodeum with a single strong median carina. Euplectrus is a morphologically conservative genus, frequently displaying small interspecific morphological differences. These slight differences among species have been largely overlooked, which, coupled with non-existent or insufficient tools for identification, has resulted in numerous erroneous host and distribution records in the literature. Due to the difficulties associated with the identification of Euplectrus species, only biological information about the type series is included for previously described species.
American species of Euplectrus have never been comprehensively treated, neither in North, nor in Central or South America. Prior to this publication, 35 species were known from the entire American continent. Of these 20 were recorded from Costa Rica, and mostly from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), the geographic focus here. Girault (1916) included all eight species known from North America in a key, and Schauff and Janzen (2001) treated the known Costa Rican species and included them in a key. These are the only keys to Euplectrus species available for the Americas. Euplectrus species have also been included in catalogues covering different parts of the Americas, in the Nearctic by Peck (1951Peck ( , 1963 and Burks (1979), and in the Neotropics by De Santis (1967, 1980b and De Santis and Fidalgo (1994). Due to misidentifications of both wasps and hosts, many distribution records and host records in these catalogues are erroneous, and we do not discuss them.
All patronyms assigned here are offered in deep appreciation from Janzen and Hallwachs for the Hymenoptera portion of the "taxasphere" (Janzen 1993) having collectively offered Hymenoptera knowledge and identification for the ongoing biodiversity inventory and conservation of ACG for more than five decades.
Interim species-level epithets of hosts and Euplectrus species are not italicized, so as to distinguish them from published scientific names.

Methods
The specimens described in this study are entirely reared from ACG in Costa Rica (see http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu for details for any particular specimen, to be found by its voucher code). Host caterpillars, ecological information, and morphological data, along with DNA barcodes (standardised region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene) when available, are used for species determination and are available in the project website: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso. See Janzen et al. 2009 for a description of the entire ACG inventory process, which captures any and all parastoids in wild-caught caterpillars. The newly eclosed wasps were killed by freezing at the field site where reared, and kept in alcohol until processed for morphological analysis. The latter process included dehydration through an alcohol series followed by air-drying and glue-mounting on paper cards as described by Noyes (1982).
The species descriptions made here were based on morphology, however, when available we also analyzed DNA sequence data from the standard DNA barcode region for animals (the 5' region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, Hebert et al. 2003). DNA barcode sequences for all available ACG inventory Euplectrus specimens were obtained using DNA extracts prepared from single legs using a glass fibre protocol (Ivanova et al. 2006). Following total genomic DNA extraction, DNA was resuspended in 30 μl of dH 2 O, and a 658-bp region near the 5' terminus of the COI gene was amplified using standard primers (LepF1-LepR1) following established protocols (Smith et al. 2006(Smith et al. , 2007(Smith et al. , 2008. If the initial 658 bp amplification was unsuccessful, smaller, overlapping sequences were generated using internal primers. If each of these smaller amplifications was successful a composite sequence was generated. However in cases where only one read amplified, this shorter sequence was used. All information for the sequences associated with each individual specimen (including GenBank accessions) can be retrieved from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD; www.boldsystems. org) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) using the following public DOI: 10.5883/DS-ASEUPL.
The NJ trees presented (Fig. 35 & Suppl. material 1) are phenetic drawings of similarity (or distance) of barcodes, but they are not phylogenetic hypotheses. While, in some cases, the branching pattern may in fact resemble a proper phylogenetic hypothesis derived using multiple information sources and more evolutionary tree-building algorithms (e.g. Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood or Bayesian) it is not on it's own an evolutionary branching diagram. They are presented here as visual representations of the COI distances, and as such are useful in illustrating the divergence of species from each other (i.e. a visual confirmation that the species hypotheses erected prepupae and pupae in their cocoons are not exposed to potential pupal hyperparasitoids. Euplectrus are only very rarely caught by ACG Malaise traps, despite the wasps themselves being common in the habitat where trapping has occurred. All species of feeding (growing) Euplectrus larvae are green to greenish yellow, irrespective of the species of caterpillar attacked. The wasp larvae are very visible  and not easily scraped off the caterpillar. Parasitized caterpillars are active and continue to feed in captivity, but as observed by others, never molt once the eggs have been deposited into the caterpillar's cuticle.

DNA barcodes
Members of the genus Euplectrus from ACG are characterised by a homopolymer read in the 5' region of the barcode standard (11 base pair polyT). Such a homopolymer region reduces Sanger-based sequencing success due to slippage of the Taq polymerase resulting in sequences of varying lengths after this point (Kieleczawa 2006). This homopolymer region likely accounts for the lower than expected sequencing success we have observed within this genus (70%, 170 sequences/242 specimens) compared with other experiences DNA barcoding ACG parasitoid Hymenoptera. We do not consider this as low success in DNA barcoding per se, since any gene region that possessed such a homopolymer region would likely have reduced sequencing success. In addition to this poly-T region, ACG Euplectrus are characterised by a 6 bp deletion in the 3' end of the barcode region of COI. While the mitochondrial protein-coding COI does not usually have deletions, such an in-frame anomaly is not uncommon in some families of Hymenoptera (Quicke et al. 2012).
In two cases, species were described based on morphology and biology as there were no DNA barcode differences that could be used to differentiate amongst these two species pairs (E. roysnellingi from E. daveroubiki and E. davesmithi from E. victoriapookae ( Figure 35, Suppl. material 1)). Three out of the four cases currently have a very small number of sequences and or specimens and so an increased sample size will be needed to resolve whether these cases represent incidences where viable, speciesspecific morphological discontinuities were not associated with differences within the standard animal DNA barcode region.
In most cases, the DNA barcodes match perfectly with what is expected from the combination of close examination of morphology/color, and biological data where the host species has been accurately identified. It was possible to DNA barcode nearly all reared species because the holotype had siblings from the same rearing, one being used as the holotype and another DNA barcoded. However, for some species the barcode analysis failed and these are hence not included in the NJ-tree, but they are nevertheless included the paper because their biology and morphology are specific. We expect that the molecular data will support these conclusions once we have fresh specimens. A current total NJ tree is available for all specimens of the DNA barcoded Euplectrus (Suppl. material 1). We use such an NJ tree as a device for flagging potential different species, an attention-grabber that is then followed up by close morphological and host analysis. In a few cases we were not prepared to describe what appear to be additional species, without having larger or better samples, and therefore have left them in the total specimen NJ tree as a way of indicating their existence in nature, but we have not included them in the single-specimen tree. An NJ tree of one representative barcode per species (Fig. 35) is offered to illustrate the interspecific differences for Euplectrus barcodes.

Taxonomy
The addition of the 55 new species does not alter the morphological definition of Euplectrus (see below), and as the American species do not show a significant group variation in morphological characters a subdivision of the genus into species-groups or subgenera is not justified at this time, if ever.
Mesoscutum with raised and distinct reticulation (e.g. Figs 49,52); midlobe with a complete median carina and with three pairs of setae, two pairs close to notauli and one pair medially; each sidelobe with three strong setae close to posterior margin and with 5-18 scattered setae in front of strong setae; notauli distinct throughout. Scutellum 0.8-1.1× as long as wide, usually convex but occasionally almost flat, with two pairs of setae close to lateral margins (e.g. Figs 49,52). Scutoscutellar suture wide (e.g. Figs 49,52). Axillae with very weak reticulation (e.g. Figs 49,52). Dorsellum 0.2× as long (medially) as wide, and 0.3× as long as length of median propodeum, ± flat, smooth and shiny, with (e.g. Figs 733-738) or without (e.g. Figs 741, 743) a groove or foveae along anterior margin, posterior margin with two oblong-rounded indentations laterally and medially with 2-4 (usually two) spines. Propodeum anteromedially with a triangular to semicircular cup that continues backwards as a narrow median carina (e.g. Figs 733-738) that splits into two carinae just before posterior margin of propodeum, carinae reach down to supracoxal flanges; propodeal callus with 5-15 setae. Hind tibial spurs long and strong, longest spur usually at least half as long as length of hind tarsus (Figs 3,424,425). Wings transparent, veins yellowish-white to yellowish-brown and setae dark brown to black; submarginal vein usually with five setae, occasionally four or six; speculum present and usually closed, very occasionally open below and towards base of wing; costal cell with 1-2 rows of setae on ventral surface, and fore margin with 0-8 setae close to marginal vein; with 13-36 admarginal setae, in 1-3 rows.
Petiole black with strong sculpture, 0.5-1.5× as long as wide, frequently longer in male. Female gaster ± ovate to rounded (e.g. Figs 56, 62), male gaster rounded ± triangular (e.g. Figs 125,193). However, it should be noted that the shape and length of the gaster are affected by how the specimen has been killed and subsequently dried.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 36). Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; smooth and shiny (Fig. 49). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carina medially (Fig. 733), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny (Fig. 733); anteromedially with a short and wide semicircular cup that is strongly raised in posterior part; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs (Fig. 36): fore and mid legs with coxae yellowish-white, femora tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; hind leg with coxa dark yellowish-brown, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.6 mm. Scape slightly enlarged, widest medially ( Fig. 42), with sensory pores limited to apical ⅔ of ventral margin, sensory area yellowish-white. Similar to female except shorter gaster.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Alejandro A. Valerio, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Antenna long and slender ( Fig. 46), e.g. flagellum 3.0× as long as height of an eye; lower face black with median part dark reddish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margin of toruli (Fig. 44); legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 43); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster yellowishbrown with dark brown lateral margins and apex, and with a dark brown spot medially on tergite 4 (Fig. 45).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 43). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 52). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig.  734), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 734); anteromedially with a short and wide triangular cup; propodeal callus with 10 setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 43). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with six setae close to marginal vein; with ten admarginal setae in one row.
Gaster yellowish-brown with sides and apex dark brown, and with a dark brown spot medially on tergite 4 ( Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on last instar larva of Eustrotia Poole14 (Noctuidae) feeding on Brachiaria arrecta (Poaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after M. Alex Smith, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face black (Figs 54, 55); legs yellowish-brown with mid and hind coxae and hind femur brown (Fig. 53); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 56) or white (male, Fig. 57), with lateral margins black, posterior ½ black; male antenna with scape dark brown to black, strongly swollen ( Fig. 59), 1.6× as long as wide, with numerous sensory pores scattered all over the inner lateral surface. Very similar to E. insularis but with lower face black (reddishbrown in E. insularis), male petiole as long as wide (0.8× as long as wide in E. insularis), and hind legs with coxae and femora brown (yellowish-brown in E. insularis).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 53). Scutellum 0.8× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 66). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 735), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny (Fig. 735); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 11 setae. Legs (Fig. 53): fore leg yellowish-brown; mid leg with coxa brown, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown; hind leg with coxa and femur brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with six setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae in one row.

Euplectrus andybennetti
Diagnosis. Lower face medially reddish-brown (female, Fig. 71) or yellowishbrown (male, Fig. 72), pale area reaching slightly outside level of lateral margin of toruli, parts betwen pale area and eyes black; vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown; fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg with coxa dark yellowish-brown, femur yellowish-brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish-white (Fig. 70); petiole 0.7× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins (female, Fig. 73) or white with dark brown lateral margins (male, Fig.  74), posterior ½ dark brown; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest medially, 3.3× as long as wide (Fig. 76), sensory area dark brown.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-white in basal ½ and yellowish-brown in apical ½, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 75). Mandibles yellowish-white, palpi white. Head black and shiny, vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown, lower face medially reddish-brown, pale area reaching slightly outside level of lateral margin of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 71). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 81). Vertex with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle, smooth outside triangle (Fig. 82). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 82).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 70). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 14 setae. Scutellum 0.8× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 83). Dorsellum anteriorly with a wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 736), groove medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 736); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with five setae. Legs with fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg with coxa dark yellowish-brown, femur yellowish-brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish-white (Fig. 70). Fore wing: costal cell with 1 row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown ( Male. Length of body 1.8 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest medially, sensory pores confined to anteroventral ¾ (Fig. 427), sensory area dark brown (Fig. 76). Otherwise similar to female except lower face with pale part yellowish-brown (Fig. 72), gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, and shorter (Fig. 74).
Etymology. This species is named after Andy Bennett, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.  87); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster in female dark brown with a narrow yellowishbrown longitudinal stripe in anteromedian ½ (Fig. 90), in male with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 91); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle and with apex narrow, 3.1× as long as wide, sensory area brown (Fig. 93).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 87). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with nine setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 100). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 737), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 737); anteromedially with a triangular cup; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 87). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.5 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle and with apex narrow (Fig. 93), sensory pores confined to ventral margin and with sensory area brown. Otherwise similar to female except gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 91), and shorter.
Etymology. This species is named after Andy R. Deans, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown in upper ½, dark brown in lower ½, pale area reaching to outer lateral margin of toruli (Figs 105, 106); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 104); petiole 1.1× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a dusky pale spot medially (Figs 107, 108); male antenna with scape expanded and widest medially, 2.8× as long as wide (Fig. 110).

Description.
Female. Length of body 1.7 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite in basal ½ and yellowish-brown in apical ½, pedicel and flagellomere 1 yellowish-brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 109). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part yellowish-brown in upper ½, dark brown in lower ½, pale area reaching to outer lateral margin of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 105). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 115). Vertex smooth (Fig. 116). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 116).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 104). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 16 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 117). Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 738), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 738); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 104). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with one row of setae, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 12 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a dusky pale spot medially ( Male. Length of body 1.4 mm. Scape expanded and widest medially (Fig. 110), sensory pores confined to ventral margin; sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except shorter gaster.
Etymology. This species is named after Annette K. Walker, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face medially reddish-brown (female, Fig. 122) or yellowishwhite (male, Fig. 123), pale area reaching to outer lateral margin of toruli; scutellum with sides and posterior margin smooth (Fig. 134); female legs yellowish-brown ( Fig. 121), male with fore and mid legs predominantly yellowish-white and hind leg yellowish-brown; male antenna with scape slightly expanded, widest in the middle, and 2.8× as long as wide (Fig. 127); petiole 0.8× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 124,125).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 121). Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with rather weak reticulation and with sides and posterior part smooth (Fig. 134). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 739), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation ( Fig. 739); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 121). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae in basal ½ and one row in apical ½, and margin with one seta close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae in one row.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 60). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; smooth medially and with very weak engraved reticulation laterally (Fig. 69). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is very narrow laterally and wide medially, medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum, groove is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 740). Propodeum partly with very weak reticulation and partly smooth (Fig. 740); anteromedially with a short and wide triangular cup; propodeal callus with 12 setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 60). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 24 admarginal setae, in two rows.
Gaster yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins ( Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on penultimate instar larva of Bagisara tristicta (Noctuidae) feeding on Herissantia crispa (Malvaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste and Puntarenas Provinces). Etymology. This species is named after Bob A. Wharton, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Entire lower face yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 139) or completely white (male, Fig. 140), parts close to eyes extending above level of upper margin of toruli; dorsellum without groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 741); fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 138); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ white with wide dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 141,142); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.8× as long as wide (Fig. 144), flagellomeres 2-5 with a basal whorl of erect setae.

Euplectrus carlosarmientoi
Description. Female. Length of body 2.3 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 143). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, entire lower face yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown, parts close to eyes extending above level of upper margin of toruli (Fig. 139); vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark yellowish-brown. Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 149). Vertex smooth (Fig. 150). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 150).
Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to level of outer lateral margins of toruli (Figs 156,157); antennal flagellum long, e.g. 1 st flagellomere 3.0× as long as wide (Figs 160,161); submarginal vein with four setae; legs yellowish-white with fore and mid coxae white (Fig. 155); petiole 1.3× as long as wide; gaster in female with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, followed by a wide dark brown transverse band, and with apex yellowish-brown ( Fig. 158), in male with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 159); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.5× as long as wide (Fig. 161).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 155). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 168). Dorsellum anteriorly with a very narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 742), groove medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 742); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-white with fore and mid coxae white (Fig. 155). Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell on ventral surface with one row of setae, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 20 admarginal setae, partly in two rows.
Gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, followed by a wide dark brown transverse band, and with apex yellowish-brown (Fig. 158).
Ratios Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 173) or yellowish-white (male, Fig. 174) reaching to level of outer margin of toruli; dorsellum without groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 743); female with legs yellowish-brown with fore coxa yellowish-white ( Fig. 172), male legs white with tarsi, apical ⅓ of hind femur and hind tibia yellowish-brown; petiole 1.3× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins (Figs 175,176); male antenna with scape expanded and widest in the middle, 2.3× as long as wide (Fig. 178).
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 175). Male. Length of body 1.6 mm. Scape white, expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 178), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except pale area on lower face yellowish-white (Fig. 174); legs white with tarsi, apical ⅓ of hind femur and entire hind tibia yellowish-brown.
Etymology. This species is named after Charles D. Michener, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown, leaving a black area close to eye as wide as shortest diameter of torulus (Fig. 78); vertex dark reddish-brown; legs yellowish-brown, fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 77); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white and posterior ½ yellowish-brown, with dark brown lateral margins throughout (Fig. 79).

Euplectrus charlesporteri
Description. Female. Length of body 2.5 mm. Antenna with scape white with apical ½ yellowish-brown, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 80). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown, leaving a black area close to eye as wide as shortest diameter of torulus (Fig. 78); vertex dark reddish-brown outside ocellar triangle, black inside ocellar triangle. Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 84). Vertex smooth outside ocellar triangle, with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle (Fig. 82). Occipital margin with a carina (Fig. 82).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 77). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 15 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with rather strong engraved reticulation with elongate meshes (Fig. 86). Dorsellum anteriorly with a wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 744), groove medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 744); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 11 setae. Legs yellowish-brown, fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 77). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae in basal ½ and one row in distal ½, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on last instar larva of Diastema tigris (Noctuidae) feeding on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Etymology. This species is named after Charles C. Porter, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark reddish-brown with two small yellowish-brown spots, pale area not reaching outside of outer lateral margins of toruli (Figs 190,191); dorsellum anteriorly with a very narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 745); legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 189); gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 192,193); petiole 0.8× as long as wide in female, 1.0× in male; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.9× as long as wide (Fig. 195).

Euplectrus chrisdarlingi
Description. Female. Length of body 2.0 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishbrown with base yellowish-white, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 pale brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 194). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part dark reddish-brown with two small yellowishbrown spots, pale area not reaching outside of outer lateral margins of toruli, and with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 190). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 200). Vertex smooth (Fig. 201). Occipital margin with a carina (Fig. 201).
Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig.  745), groove medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 745); anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup; propodeal callus with 13 setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig.  189). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.5 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 195), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except longer petiole.

Euplectrus chrisgrinteri
Diagnosis. Lower face medially yellowish-white with median ⅓ pale yellowishbrown, pale area reaching outside level of outer lateral margin of toruli, leaving a wide black stripe between pale area and eye (Fig. 95); fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 94); petiole 0.9× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown anterolateral margins and with posterior part of margins yellowish-brown, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 96). Euplectrus chrisgrinteri is very similar to E. ronniei, the only differences are the longer petiole in E. chrisgrinteri and different host preferences.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite, pedicel and flagellomeres yellowish-brown (Fig. 97). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-white with median ⅓ pale yellowish-brown, pale area reaching outside of level of outer lateral margins of toruli, leaving a wide black stripe between pale area and eyes (Fig. 95). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 101). Vertex smooth (Fig. 102). Occipital margin with a carina (Fig. 102).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 94). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 10 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 103). Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 746), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with weak reticulation (Fig. 746); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 94). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with one row of setae, partly with two rows close to base, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown anterolateral margins and with posterior part of margins yellowish-brown, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 96).
Etymology. This species is named after Chris C. Grinter, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark yellowish-brown reaching to level of middle of toruli (Figs 207,208); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 206); petiole 0.9× as long as wide; female gaster yellowish-white in anterior ½, yellowish-brown in posterior ½, lateral margins dark brown (Fig. 209); male scape slightly enlarged (Fig. 212), widest medially, 3.0× as long as wide, sensory area brown and reaching along ventral margin.

Euplectrus corriemoreauae
Description. Female. Length of body 1.9 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite with apical ⅓yellowish-brown, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellum dark brown with ventral part pale brown (Fig. 211). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part dark yellowish-brown reaching to level of middle of toruli (Fig. 207). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 217). Vertex smooth and shiny (Fig. 218). Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 218).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 206). Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 219). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove (Fig. 747), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny (Fig. 747); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that is strongly raised in posterior part; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 206). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.7 mm. Scape slightly enlarged, widest medially, with sensory pores along entire ventral margin, sensory area brown (Fig. 212). Similar to female except gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 210).
Etymology. This species is named after Corrie S. Moreau, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margins of toruli (Fig. 112); fore and mid coxa yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 111); scutellum 0.9× as long as wide with rather strong reticulation (Fig. 120); dorsellum with a very narrow groove along anterior margin (Fig. 748); median carina on propodeum narrow (Fig.  748); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowishbrown ±T-shaped spot (Fig. 113), and with tergites 5-6 reddish-brown posteromedially.

Euplectrus daveroubiki
Description. Female. Length of body 2.5 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-white in basal ½ and yellowish-brown in apical ½, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 dark brown with ventral part yellowish-brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 114). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margins of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 112). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 118). Vertex with very weak reticulation (Fig. 119). Occipital margin with a weak carina (Fig. 119).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 111). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with rather strong reticulation, meshes slightly elongate ( Fig. 120). Dorsellum with a very narrow groove along anterior margin ( Fig. 748), medially less than 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 748); anteromedially with a short triangular cup, 0.3× as long as wide; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs (Fig. 111): fore and mid coxae yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with one seta close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown ±T-shaped spot ( Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on third instar larvae of Hemiceras vecina and H. nigrescens (Notodontidae) feeding on Inga oerstediana (Fabaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Etymology. This species is named after Dave W. Roubik, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Remarks. In the analyzed material there are three females, not included here, from same locality and host as holotype but collected 23.xii.2007 (sibling of wasp DHJ-PAR0038555, 07-SRNP-24811). These specimens appear similar to E. daveroubiki, but the barcode is different from other samples of E. daveroubiki (Suppl. material 1, sample called E. Hansson32). All three specimens are damaged and because of this the morphological analysis can not be done with sufficient accuracy. Therefore we leave these specimens untreated for now, but in the future, as more material becomes available, this puzzle will be dealt with.
Another puzzle associated with the samples assigned to this species concern samples DHJPAR0031185 and DHJPAR0023280. Specimens from DHJPAR0031185 and DHJPAR0023280 are morphologically identical and have a similar biology (both target Hemiceras spp.), but with different barcodes (Suppl. material 1). Since the morphology and biology is the same we prefer to treat these as the same species.
See also remarks under E. roysnellingi. Description. Female. Length of body 2.0 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 pale brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 131). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margins of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 129), vertex dark brown. Frons close to eyes with one sparse row of setae (Fig. 135). Vertex smooth (Fig. 136). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 136).

Euplectrus davesmithi
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 128). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with seven setae. Scutellum 0.8× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, partly smooth ( Fig. 137). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 749), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum, median posterior margin of dorsellum without spines. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 749); anteromedially with a short and wide semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-white (Fig. 128). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 25 admarginal setae, in two irregular rows.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Dave R. Smith, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Remarks. Euplectrus davesmithi and E. victoriapookae have the same barcode ( Fig.  35, Suppl. material 1), but as they are morphologically distinct and their hosts are very different we treat them as separate species. Description. Female. Length of body 2.5 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishbrown with base yellowish-white, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres dark brown (Fig. 228). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part reddish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margins of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 224). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 234). Vertex with very weak reticulation (Fig. 235). Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 235).

Euplectrus davidwahli
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 223). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 14 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation with slightly elongate meshes (Fig. 236). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 750), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 750); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white ( Fig. 223). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown with a yellowish-white ±T-shaped spot in anterior ½ ( Male. Length of body 2.1 mm. Scape yellowish-white, slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 229), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except lower face with pale part yellowishbrown ( Fig. 225), fore and mid coxae white; gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 227).
Etymology. This species is named after David B. Wahl, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of median part of toruli (Fig. 146); dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 751); fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs predominantly yellowish-white; hind leg yellowish-white (Fig. 145); petiole 1.3× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 147). Morphologically identical to E. gavinbroadi.

Euplectrus dianariasae
Description. Female. Length of body 2.2 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-2 pale brown, 3-6 dark brown (Fig. 148). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of median part of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 146). Frons close to eyes with one sparse row of setae (Fig. 152). Vertex with very weak reticulation (Fig. 153). Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 153).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 145). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide, with weak reticulation (Fig. 154). Dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 751). Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 751); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs (Fig. 145): fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs predominantly yellowish-white; hind leg yellowish-white. Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with one complete row of setae and with a short row with three setae in front of complete row, and margin with five setae in apical ½; with 19 admarginal setae, mainly in one row but with three rows in apical ⅓.
Ratios Diagnosis. Head dark reddish-brown with lower face medially white with median part yellowish-white (female, Fig. 241) or completely white (male, Fig. 242), pale area reaching outside level of outer margins of toruli; scutellum with a small hump posteromedially (Fig. 253); legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur yellowish-brown (Fig. 240); petiole 0.8× as long as wide; female gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown and posterior ½ pale brown with a dark brown spot anteromedially, entire gaster with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 243), male gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown anterolateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 244); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.2× as long as wide (Fig. 246), and with sensory area pale brown.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 240). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum convex, with a small hump posteromedially and with a weak groove anteromedially (Fig. 253); 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation. Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided into two by a median longitudinal carina (Fig.  752), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig.  752); anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur yellowish-brown (Fig. 240). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 20 admarginal setae, in basal ⅓ in two rows and in apical ⅔ in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown and posterior ½ pale brown with a dark brown spot anteromedially, entire gaster with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 243).
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.2 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 246), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔. Otherwise similar to female except pale part of lower face completely white (Fig. 242), gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown anterolateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 244).
Etymology. This species is named after Don L. J. Quicke, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.  . 261); male antenna with scape with outer lateral surface yellowish-white and inner lateral surface pale brown, strongly swollen (Fig. 263), 1.4× as long as wide, with numerous sensory pores scattered all over the inner lateral surface.

Euplectrus eowilsoni
Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellum dark brown with ventral part of flagellomeres 1-3 yellowish-brown (Fig. 262). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face black with a small very dark reddish-brown spot medially, that is undelimited from surrounding parts of frons (Fig. 258). Frons close to eyes with an irregular row of setae that is double in parts (Fig. 268). Vertex with very weak reticulation, areas lateral to posterior ocelli smooth (Fig. 269). Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 269).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 257). Mesoscutum with weak reticulation (Fig.  270). Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 270). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 753), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation, smooth close to median carina (Fig. 753); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown with basal ⅓ of mid femur yellowish-white (Fig. 257). Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.7 mm. Scape with outer lateral surface yellowish-white and inner lateral surface pale brown, strongly swollen (Fig. 263); with entire inner lateral surface with sensory pores. Similar to female except antenna with flagellomeres 1-2 yellowish-brown and 3-6 pale brown (Fig. 263), lower face with median part of lower face predominantly yellowish-brown, pale area reaching slightly outside of outer lateral margins of toruli, and with lower face drawn out and pointed (Fig. 259), fore and mid legs predominantly yellowish-white, gaster shorter, 1st tergite white with wide dark brown lateral margins and remaining tergites dark brown (Fig. 261).
Etymology. This species is named after Ed O. Wilson, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale part reaching to level of median toruli (Fig. 163); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 162); fore femur enlarged, 2.6× as long as wide (Fig. 162); hind tarsus laterally flattened with tarsomere 1 being the shortest (Fig. 424); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowishbrown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 164).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 162). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 0.8× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 171). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 754), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 754); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 162). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two complete rows of setae, three rows in some places, and margin with six setae close to marginal vein; with 22 admarginal setae, mainly in one row but with two rows in apical ⅓.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is after Gary A. P. Gibson, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of median toruli (Fig. 180); dorsellum without groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 755); fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs predominantly yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-white (Fig. 179); petiole 1.3× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 181).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 179). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide, with very weak reticulation (Fig. 188). Dorsellum without groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 755). Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 755); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs (Fig. 179): fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs predominantly yellowish-white; hind leg yellowish-white. Fore wing: costal cell with two complete rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with seven setae in apical ½; with 22 admarginal setae, mainly in one row but with three rows in apical ⅓.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Gavin R. Broad, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 196). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 18 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 205). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 756), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 756); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 196). Fore wing: submarginal vein with six setae; costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 27 admarginal setae, in two irregular rows.
Etymology. This species is named after Gerard Delvare, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale part reaching only to inner lateral margins of toruli (Figs 275,276); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 274); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowishbrown (female, Fig. 277) or white (male, Fig. 278) spot, female with apex of gaster pale brown, in male dark brown; male antenna with scape expanded and widest slightly above the middle, 3.5× as long as wide (Fig. 280), flagellomeres 2-5 with a basal whorl of erect setae.

Euplectrus henrytownesi
Description. Female. Length of body 2.5 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 pale brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 279). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale part reaching only to inner lateral margins of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 275). Frons close to eyes with three rows of setae (Fig. 285). Vertex smooth (Fig. 286). Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 286).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 274). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 287). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig.  757), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 757); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that has posterior part strongly raised and distinctly higher than anterior part; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 274). Fore wing: costal cell with two irregular rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with eight setae in apical ½; with 16 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown with apex pale brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown spot (Fig. 277).
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.1 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest slightly above the middle (Fig. 280), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except flagellomeres 2-5 with a basal whorl of erect setae (Fig. 280); gaster shorter, and with apex dark brown (Fig. 278).
Etymology. This species is named after Henry K. Townes, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face predominantly white, pale area reaches almost to eyes (Fig.  214); scape slightly expanded and widest in apical part, 3.4× as long as wide (Fig. 216), sensory pores confined to apico-ventral part, this area is yellowish-brown; scutellum convex with very strong engraved reticulation (Fig. 222); legs yellowish-white (Fig. 213); petiole 0.8× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ⅔ white with anterolateral margins dark brown, margin broken medially by white stripe, posterior ⅓ dark brown (Fig. 215). With same host as E. donquickei, but male with less pointy lower face in E. howelldalyi.
Gaster with anterior ⅔ white with anterolateral margins dark brown, margin broken medially by white stripe, posterior ⅓ dark brown (Fig. 215). Ratios
Etymology. This species is named after Howell V. Daly, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part white laterally and yellowish-brown medially, pale area reaching outside of level of outer lateral margins of toruli, with a black area the width of 1.5× the width of scape between pale area and eye margin (Figs 292,293); vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown; fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 291); dorsellum along anterior margin with a wide groove, medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 759); petiole 0.8× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-white (female, Fig. 294) or white (male, Fig. 295).

Euplectrus hugokonsi
Description. Female. Length of body 2.6-2.7 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-4 pale brown with ventral part yellowish-brown, 5-6 pale brown (Fig. 296). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown, lower face with median part white laterally and yellowish-brown medially, pale area reaching outside of outer lateral margins of toruli, with a black area the width of 1.5× the width of scape between pale area and eye margin (Fig. 292). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 302). Vertex with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle, outside ocellar triangle smooth (Fig. 303). Occipital margin with a weak carina (Fig. 303).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 291). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with nine setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 304). Dorsellum with a wide groove along anterior margin, medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 759). Propodeum with weak reticulation (Fig. 759); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs (Fig. 291): fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown. Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell with two irregular and sparse rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 22 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-white ovate spot (Fig. 294) Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest medially (Fig.  297), sensory pores confined to anteroventral ¾, sensory area pale brown. Otherwise similar to female except gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins (margins narrower than in female) (Fig. 295) Diagnosis. Head dark brown, lower face with median part yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 309), or white (male, Fig. 310), pale area reaching slightly outside lateral margin of toruli; dorsellum with two large foveae anteriorly (Fig. 760); fore coxa white, hind femur with apical ½ pale brown, remaining parts of legs yellowish-white (Fig.  308); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 311, 312); male antenna with scape expanded, widest in the middle, and 2.7× as long as wide (Fig. 314), 1 st flagellomere 3.1× as long as wide, narrow at base and expanded in apical ⅓.
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.4 mm. Scape white, slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 314), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area white. Similar to female except antenna with 1 st flagellomere longer, 3.1× as long as wide, narrow at base and expanded in apical ⅓ (Fig. 314), lower face with pale area white (Fig. 310), gaster shorter.
Etymology. This species is named after Ian D. Gauld, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face medially dark reddish-brown and undelimited from surrounding parts of frons (female, Fig. 326) or yellowish-brown (male, Fig. 327), pale area reaching to level of outer lateral margins of toruli; scutellum smooth and shiny, laterally with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 338); legs yellowish-brown, female with tarsomere 4 on hind leg dark (Fig. 325); fore wing with short postmarginal vein, 1.2× as long as stigmal vein; petiole 0.7× as long as wide; female gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a narrow pale brown spot (Fig. 328), male with pale spot white and wider (Fig. 329); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.1× as long as wide, with sensory area dark brown (Fig. 331).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 325). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; smooth and shiny, laterally with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 338). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 761), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 761); anteromedially with a triangular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-brown with tarsomeres 1-2 on all legs dark brown (Fig. 325). Fore wing: costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 10 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a narrow pale brown spot (Fig. 328) Male. Length of body 1.8 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest above the middle, sensory pores confined to apicoventral ½, sensory area dark brown (Fig. 331). Otherwise similar to female except lower face with median part yellowish-brown (Fig.  327), gaster with pale spot white and wider (Fig. 329), and gaster shorter.

Hosts and biology.
Feeding on penultimate instar larva of Mursa maricaDHJ01 (Noctuidae) feeding on Panicum pilosum (Poaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to cuticle of host larva and leaf substrate.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.0 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 233). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part reddish-brown, pale area reaching slightly outside of outer lateral margins of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 231). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 237). Vertex smooth outside ocellar triangle, with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle (Fig. 238). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 238).
Etymology. This species is named after Jesus A. Ugalde-Gomez, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.

Diagnosis.
Lower face medially yellowish-white with median part yellowishbrown, pale area reaching half-way between level of lateral margin of toruli and eyes (Figs 343,344); scutellum with very weak engraved reticulation and with distinctly elongate meshes (Fig. 355); dorsellum along anterior margin with a very wide groove reaching ½ the length of dorsellum, groove is divided by longitudinal carinae, and with posterior margin of groove strongly protruding upwards (Fig. 763); legs yellowishbrown (Fig. 342); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; female gaster with anterior ½ yellowishwhite with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, and with a dark brown median spot or band (Fig. 345), male gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig.  346); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest above the middle, 3.5× as long as wide (Fig. 348).
Description. Female. Length of body 2.3 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-2 yellowish-brown ventrally and dark brown dorsally, 3-6 dark brown (Fig. 347). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown, pale area reaching half-way between level of lateral margin of toruli and eyes, part between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 343). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae, upper part of row moved away from eye margin (Fig. 353). Vertex smooth (Fig. 354). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 354).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 342). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 10 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation and with distinctly elongate meshes (Fig. 355). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae, groove medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum, and with posterior margin of groove strongly protruding upwards (Fig.  763). Propodeum with very weak reticulation and partly smooth (Fig. 763); anteromedially with a transverse circular cup; propodeal callus with 12 setae. Legs yellowishbrown (Fig. 342). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 12 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, and with a dark brown median spot or band (Fig. 345).
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.0 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest above the middle (Fig. 348), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ½, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except gaster shorter and anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 346).

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Jim B. Whitfield, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 250). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-brown, pale area extending slightly outside of outer lateral margin of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 248). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 254). Vertex smooth outside ocellar triangle, with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle (Fig.  255). Occipital margin with a weak carina (Fig. 255).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 247). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with seven setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, smooth medially, hence shiny (Fig. 256). Dorsellum with a groove in anterior part that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 764), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 764); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 12 setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 247). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ brown with a dark brown round spot medially (Fig. 249).
Hosts and biology. Feeding on last instar larva of Ozarba geta (Noctuidae) feeding on Dyschoriste quadrangularis (Acanthaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Etymology. This species is named after Josephine J. Rodriguez, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face medially yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 360) or white (male, Fig. 361) with median part pale brown, pale area reaching slightly outside level of lateral margins of toruli; scutellum with distinctly elongate meshes (Fig. 372); dorsellum along anterior margin with a very wide groove, 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum, surface behind groove with a median carina (Fig. 765); legs yellowish-brown in female (Fig. 359), paler in male; propodeum anteromedially with a triangular cup that has posterior part strongly raised and distinctly higher than anterior part (Fig. 765); petiole 0.7× as long as wide; gaster in anterior ½ yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 362) or white (male, Fig. 363) with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.5× as long as wide, sensory area yellowish-brown and slightly darker than scape (Fig. 365).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 359). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation and with distinctly elongate meshes (Fig. 372). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae, groove 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum, surface behind groove with a median carina (Fig. 765). Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 765); anteromedially with a transverse circular cup that has posterior part strongly raised and is distinctly higher than anterior part; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 359). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae in basal ⅔ and one row in apical ⅓, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster in anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 362). Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 365), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area yellowish-brown and slightly darker than scape. Otherwise similar to female except lower face with pale part white (Fig. 361), legs paler, petiole longer, gaster shorter and with lateral parts of pale area white (Fig. 363).
Etymology. This species is named after John M. Heraty, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face medially yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli (Figs 377, 378); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 376); propodeum with a wide median carina (Fig. 766); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 379) or white (male, Fig. 380) spot; male antenna with scape expanded and widest slightly above the middle, 2.2× as long as wide, narrow at base and apex (Fig. 382), sensory pores scattered all over outer lateral surface.
Gaster in anterior ½ with a yellowish-brown spot and with lateral margins dark brown, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 379).
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.0 mm. Scape white, expanded and widest slightly above the middle (Figs 382), narrow at base and apex, sensory pores scattered all over outer lateral surface. Otherwise similar to female.
Etymology. This species is named after John La Salle, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 393). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 20 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 406). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very narrow groove (Fig. 767), medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 767); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that has posterior part strongly raised and is distinctly higher than anterior part; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs (Fig. 393): fore coxa yellowish-white, remaining fore leg and mid and hind legs yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae in basal ⅔ and one row in apical ⅓, and margin with six setae close to marginal vein; with 16 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.8 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 399), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except flagellomeres 2-5 with a basal whorl of erect setae (Fig.  399); entire lower face white (Fig. 395) Diagnosis. Lower face medially very dark reddish-brown -almost black (female, Fig. 411), or yellowish-brown (male, Fig. 412), pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli; legs yellowish-brown to yellowish-white (Fig. 410); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; female gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a narrow pale brown spot (Fig. 413), in male with pale spot wider, with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 414); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.5× as long as wide (Fig. 416).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 410). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 423). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 768), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 768); anteromedially with a triangular cup that has posterior part strongly raised and distinctly higher than anterior part; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 410). Fore wing: costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a narrow yellowish-brown spot (Fig. 413). Male. Length of body 1.8 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 416), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except lower face with median part yellowish-brown (Fig. 412); fore and mid legs yellowish-white; gaster with pale spot wider, reaching to dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 414), and shorter.
Etymology. This species is named after Jose Fernandez-Triana, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face black, median part very dark reddish-brown, almost black (Fig. 429); mandibles dark brown; fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 428); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster in anterior ½ with a yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 431) or white (male, Fig. 432) spot and with lateral margins dark brown, posterior ½ dark brown; male antenna with scape narrow and widest above the middle, 3.6× as long as wide (Fig. 434).

Euplectrus lubomirmasneri
Description. Female. Length of body 1.9 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 yellowish-brown, 2-6 dark brown (Fig. 433). Mandibles dark brown and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face black with median part very dark reddish-brown, almost black, not delimited from surrounding parts of frons (Fig. 429). Frons close to eyes with one sparse row of setae, row moving away from eye in upper part (Fig. 435). Vertex smooth (Fig. 436). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 436).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 428). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 437). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very narrow groove (Fig. 769), medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 769); anteromedially with a triangular cup with posterior part strongly raised and distinctly higher than anterior part; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs (Fig. 428): fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowishbrown. Fore wing: costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with seven setae close to marginal vein; with 18 admarginal setae, in one row in the middle, in two rows at base and apically.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.8 mm. Scape narrow and widest above the middle (Figs 434), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area pale as scape. Similar to female except pale spot on gaster is white (Fig. 432).
Etymology. This species is named after Lubo Masner, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown, slightly darker medially, pale area reaching outside of outer lateral margins of toruli, with a black area the width of width of scape between pale area and eye margin (Fig. 265); scutellum with a small hump posteromedially and reticulate with elongate meshes, scutellum hence appearing striate (Fig. 273); dorsellum anteriorly with a wide groove, 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 770); legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa pale brown (Fig.  257); petiole 0.6× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ difficult to see on specimens because apical segments are retracted (Fig. 266). Very similar to Euplectrus ivonae, differs in having first tarsomere longer (LT/LT1 = 2.5; = 3.0 in E. ivonae), petiole shorter (LP/WP = 0.6; = 0.8 in E. ivonae), and with hind coxae darker.

Euplectrus markshawi
Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite in basal ½, yellowish-brown in apical ½, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-3 dark brown dorsally and yellowish-brown ventrally, 4-6 dark brown (Fig. 267). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part yellowish-brown, slightly darker medially, pale area reaching outside of outer lat-eral margins of toruli, with a black area the width of width of scape between pale area and eye margin (Fig. 265). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 271). Vertex with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle, outside triangle smooth (Fig. 272). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 272).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 264). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 14 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with rather strong engraved reticulation, meshes elongate and scutellum appearing striate, in posteromedian ½ with a small hump (Fig.  273). Dorsellum anteriorly with a wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 770), groove medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 770); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa pale brown (Fig. 264). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 16 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ difficult to see on specimens ( Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on last instar larva of Cargida pyrrha (Notodontidae) feeding on Colubrina elliptica (Rhamnaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Etymology. This species is named after Mark R. Shaw, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli (Figs 442,443); fore wing with four setae on dorsal surface of submarginal vein; dorsellum anteriorly with a very narrow groove (Fig. 771); fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 441); petiole 1.2× as long as wide; female gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown, posterior ½ reddish-brown, entire gaster with dark brown narrow lateral margins (Fig. 444), male gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 445); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.1× as long as wide (Fig. 447).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 441). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with ten setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 440). Dorsellum anteriorly with a very narrow groove (Fig. 771), medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 771); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs (Fig. 441): fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown. Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 11 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.6 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 447), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 445), and shorter.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Alajuela Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Mike W. Gates, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face medially yellowish-brown, pale area reaching to level of outer lateral margin of toruli (Figs 454, 455); fore and mid coxae yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 453); dorsellum with a row of foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 772); propodeum with a wide median carina (Fig. 772); petiole 1.0× as long as wide in female, 0.8× in male; gaster in anterior ½ with median part yellowish-white and lateral parts black, posterior ½ black (Figs 456, 457); male antenna with scape enlarged, widest in the middle, and 2.5× as long as wide (Fig. 459).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 453). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with rather weak engraved reticulation (Fig.  466). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a row of foveae (Fig. 772). Propodeum smooth (Fig. 772); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs (Fig. 453): fore and mid coxae yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with two irregular rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 21 admarginal setae, in basal ½ in one row and in apical ½ in two rows.
Gaster in anterior ½ with median part yellowish-white and lateral parts black, posterior ½ black (Fig. 456).
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.6 mm. Scape white, enlarged and widest in the middle (Fig. 459), sensory pores confined to apicolateral ¾ on outside facing surface, sensory area white. Similar to female except shorter petiole and gaster.
Etymology. This species is named after Mike E. Schauff, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face medially yellowish-brown with median part pale brown (female, Fig. 471), or white with median part yellowish-brown (male, Fig. 472), pale area reaching slightly outside of level of lateral margins of toruli; scutellum reticulate with distinctly elongate meshes and medially with several short longitudinal carinae (Fig. 469); dorsellum anteriorly with two large foveae (alternately with a wide groove that is divided by a median carina) (Fig. 773); legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa and hind femur darker (Fig. 470), male with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white; petiole 0.8× as long as wide; female gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown with apex reddish-brown (Fig. 473), male gaster with anterior ½ white and with posterior ½ completely dark brown (Fig. 474); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest slightly above the middle, 3.3× as long as wide (Fig. 476), with sensory area brown.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 470). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation with distinctly elongate meshes; medially with several short longitudinal carinae (Fig. 469). Dorsellum anteriorly with two large foveae (alternately with a wide groove that is divided by a median carina) (Fig. 773). Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 773); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 11 setae. Legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa and hind femur darker (Fig. 470). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with one row of setae, and margin without setae; with 17 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown with apex reddish-brown (Fig. 473). Ratios Male. Length of body 2.0 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest slightly above the middle (Fig. 476), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ½ and this area is brown. Otherwise similar to female except lower face with pale parts paler (Fig. 472), fore and mid coxae yellowish-white; gaster shorter, with anterior ½ white and entire posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 474).

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Mike J. Sharkey, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face black (Fig. 282); antenna long and slender (Fig. 284), flagellum 3.3× as long as height of eye; mandibles dark brown; dorsellum anteromedially with two large foveae (Fig. 774); legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 281); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown T-shaped spot and with base of T pointed (Fig. 283).
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown T-shaped spot and with base of T pointed (Fig. 283). Ratios Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on last instar larva of Antapistis Poole10 (Erebidae) feeding on Anthurium consobrinum (Araceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Etymology. This species is named after Nina M. Zitani, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown medially and yellowishwhite laterally, pale area reaching slightly outside of level of lateral margins of toruli (Fig. 299); fore coxa yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore leg and entire mid and hind legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 298); dorsellum with a wide groove along anterior margin, groove is medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 775); petiole 0.7× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown with tergites 5-6 reddish-brown (Fig. 300).

Euplectrus pammitchellae
Description. Female. Length of body 2.3 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-4 dark brown with ventral part yellowish-brown, 5-6 dark brown (Fig. 301). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part yellowish-brown medially and yellowish-white laterally, pale area reaching slightly outside of level of lateral margins of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 299). Frons close to eyes with two irregular rows of setae (Fig.  305). Vertex smooth (Fig. 306). Occipital margin with a weak carina (Fig. 306).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 298). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 17 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide, with very weak reticulation (Fig. 307). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig.  775), groove medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig.  775); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs (Fig. 298): fore coxa yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore leg and entire mid and hind legs yellowish-brown. Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell with two irregular and sparse rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on penultimate instar larva of Bagisara pacifica (Noctuidae) feeding on Sida glomerata (Malvaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Pamela A. Mitchell, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face black (Fig. 480); mandibles dark yellowish-brown to brown; fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg with coxa dark brown, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown (Fig. 479); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ dark brown with a white marking shaped like an hour-glass with distal part wider than basal part, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 482, 483); male scape slightly enlarged (Fig.  485), widest medially, 3.3× as long as wide.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 479). Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation, median part partly smooth (Fig. 491). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove that is divided by three weak longitudinal carinae (Fig.  776), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny (Fig. 776); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that is strongly raised in posterior part; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs (Fig. 479): fore and mid legs yellowishwhite; hind leg with coxa dark brown, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with seven setae in apical ½; with 23 admarginal setae, in basal ½ in one row in apical ½ in two rows.
Gaster with anterior ½ dark brown with a white marking shaped like an hour-glass with distal part wider than basal part, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 482).
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape yellowish-brown, slightly enlarged, widest medially, with sensory pores limited to apical ⅔ of ventral margin, sensory area yellowish-brown (Fig. 485). Similar to female except shorter gaster.
Distribution. Costa Rica (Alajuela, Guanacaste, Heredia and Puntarenas Provinces). Etymology. This species is named after Paul E. Hanson, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face completely pale, in female medially yellowish-brown and laterally yellowish-white (Fig. 496), in male white (Fig. 497); fore and mid legs yellow-ish-white; hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 495); petiole 1.0× as long as wide in female, 0.8× in male; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with lateral margins dark brown posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 498); male scape slightly enlarged (Fig. 501), widest medially, 2.9× as long as wide.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 495). Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 508). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 777), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation partly smooth (Fig. 777); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that is strongly raised in posterior part; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs (Fig. 495): fore and mid legs yellowish-white; hind leg yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.5 mm. Scape slightly enlarged, widest medially, with sensory pores limited to apical ⅔ of ventral margin, sensory area yellowish-white (Fig. 501). Similar to female except lower face white (Fig. 497), and shorter petiole and gaster.
Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province). Etymology. This species is named after Paul D. N. Hebert, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.  Fig. 513) or white (male, Fig. 514), pale area reaching slightly outside of level of outer margins of toruli; female with legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 512), male legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur slightly darker; petiole 0.8× as long as wide in female, 1.0× in male; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 515) or white (male, Fig. 516) spot; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 3.3× as long as wide (Fig. 518).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 512). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig.  528). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 778), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 778); anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 512). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-brown spot (Fig. 515 Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape white and slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 518), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except lower face with pale part yellowish-white (Fig. 514), legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur slightly darker; petiole longer; gaster shorter and with pale part white (Fig. 516) Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of median toruli (Figs 520, 521); dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 779); fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 519); petiole 1.1× as long as wide in female, 1,3× in male; gaster dark brown with a ±T-shaped yellowish-white spot in anterior ½ (female, Fig. 522), or with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (male, Fig. 523); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.9× as long as wide (Fig. 518).
Gaster dark brown with a ±T-shaped yellowish-white spot in anterior ½ (Fig. 522 Male. Length of body 1.6 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 525), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except petiole longer; gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 523).

Distribution. Costa Rica (Alajuela Province).
Etymology. This species is named after Phil S. Ward, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part reddish-brown (female, Fig. 533) or yellowish-brown (male, Fig. 534), pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli; legs yellowish-brown with fore coxa yellowish-white (Fig. 532); petiole 0.9× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white (female, Fig. 535) or white (male, Fig.  536) with wide dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.9× as long as wide (Fig. 538).

Euplectrus robbinthorpi
Description. Female. Length of body 1.9 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellum dark brown (Fig. 537). Mandibles and palpi yellowishwhite. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig.  533). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 546). Vertex smooth (Fig. 547). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 547).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 532). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with nine setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 548). Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 780), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 780); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore coxa yellowish-white (Fig. 532). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.5 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 538), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except median part of lower face yellowish-brown (Fig. 534), gaster shorter and with pale part white (Fig. 536).
Ratios. LC/WS = 2.9; MM/LG = 1.6. Hosts and biology. Feeding on last instar larva of Olethreutes Brown20 (Tortricidae) feeding on Inga oerstediana (Fabaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate. There remains some doubt as to whether this caterpillar was correctly identified, and only further host records will determine that.
Etymology. This species is named after Robbin W. Thorp, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face black with median part dark reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli (Fig. 316); dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 781); legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and apical ¾ of hind femur yellowish-brown (Fig. 315); petiole 1.2× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 317).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 315). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 324). Dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 781). Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 781); anteromedially with a very short and wide semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and apical ¾ of hind femur yellowish-brown (Fig. 315). Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae in one row.
Etymology. This species is named after Ronald Zuñiga, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part yellowish-brown, pale part reaching slightly outside of level of outer lateral margin of toruli (Fig. 333); fore and mid coxae yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowishbrown (Fig. 332); scutellum 0.8× as long as wide with slightly elongate meshes, very posteromedian part with transverse meshes (Fig. 341); dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 782); propodeum anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup, median carina on propodeum wide (Fig. 782); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a large yellowish-white spot (Fig. 334), and with tergites 5-6 reddish-brown posteromedially.

Euplectrus roysnellingi
Description. Female. Length of body 2.3 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite in basal ½ and yellowish-brown in apical ½, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 1-4 dark brown with ventral part yellowish-brown, 5-6 dark brown (Fig.  335). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part yellowish-brown, pale part reaching slightly outside of level of outer lateral margin of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 333). Frons close to eyes with one irregular row of setae (Fig. 339). Vertex with very weak reticulation (Fig. 340). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 340).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 332). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 0.8× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation, meshes slightly elongate (Fig. 341). Dorsellum without a groove or foveae along anterior margin (Fig. 782). Propodeum smooth (Fig. 782); anteromedially with a strongly transverse triangular cup that is 0.3× as long as wide; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs (Fig. 332): fore and mid coxa yellowish-white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs and entire hind leg yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with two irregular and sparse rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 21 admarginal setae, partly in two rows.
Ratios Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on second instar larva of Letis mycerina (Erebidae) feeding on Inga oerstediana (Fabaceae), parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Etymology. This species is named after Roy R. Snelling, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Remarks. The barcode from the single available specimen from this sample (DHJ-PAR0028972) is very similar to the barcode of DHJPAR0023280 (Suppl. material 1). Specimens from DHJPAR0023280 are included under the description of E. daveroubiki. Specimens from DHJPAR0028972 are morphologically distinct from those of DHJPAR0023280, and also have a very different host. Therefore we prefer to treat these two samples as different species. See also remarks under E. daveroubiki. Diagnosis. Lower face black (Figs 540, 541); fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs yellowish-brown, hind leg with coxa dark brown to almost black, femur with basal ½ yellowish-white and apical ½ dark brown, tibia yellowishwhite, tarsus yellowish-brown (Fig. 539); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 542, 543); male scape expanded and widest above the middle (Fig. 545), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area pale brown.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 539). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 10 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 551). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 783), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 783); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 11 setae. Legs (Fig. 539): fore and mid coxae white, remaining parts of fore and mid legs yellowish-brown; hind leg with coxa dark brown -almost black, femur with basal ½ yellowish-white and apical ½ dark brown, tibia yellowish-white, tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with two irregular rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 17 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.1 mm. Scape white, expanded and widest above the middle (Fig. 545), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔, sensory area pale brown. Otherwise similar to female.
Etymology. This species is named after Scott R. Shaw, in recognition of his contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Remarks. The specimens from Callionima denticulata are distinctly paler than specimens from Trauaxa lua but it is not known whether this is due to some aspect of their treatment, or if they were preserved in ethanol while still teneral. The unexpected host record of C. denticulata, a normal herbivore for this plant, was confirmed by further inspection and photography of the morphology of the mummy. Diagnosis. Lower face black with a dark reddish-brown spot medially, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli (Figs 553,554); antenna long and slender, flagellum 3.2× as long as height of eye in female (Fig. 557), and 3.8× in male (Fig. 558); legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 552); hind tarsus short with 1 st tarsomere short, 1.1× as long as 3 rd tarsomere; petiole 0.8× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a ±T-shaped yellowish-white (female, Fig. 555) or white (male, Fig. 556) spot; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest just below the middle, 2.7× as long as wide (Fig. 558).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 552). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with seven setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 568). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 784), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 784); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig.  552). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 17 admarginal setae, two rows in basal ½ and one row in apical ½.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ with a ±T-shaped yellowish-white spot (Fig. 555). Male. Length of body 2.0 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest slightly below the middle (Fig. 558), sensory pores confined to ventral margin and scattered along entire margin, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except antennal flagellum 3.8× as long as height of eye (Fig. 558); fore and mid coxae white; gaster shorter and with pale part white (Fig. 556).
Etymology. This species is named after Sondra Ward, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy. Diagnosis. Lower face entirely yellowish-brown (female, as in Fig. 394) or white (male, as in Fig. 395), pale part not reaching hypostomal carina and with area close to mouth cavity dark (as in Fig. 581); fore coxa yellowish-white, remaining fore leg and mid and hind legs yellowish-brown (as in Fig. 393); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown, anterior ½ yellowish-white (female, as in Fig. 396) or white (male, as in Fig. 397) with dark brown lateral margins; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.6× as long as wide (as in Fig. 399), flagellomeres 2-5 with a basal whorl of erect setae.
Mesosoma black and shiny (as in Fig. 393). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 20 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (as in Fig. 406). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very narrow groove (as in Fig. 767), medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (as in Fig. 767); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that has posterior part strongly raised and is distinctly higher than anterior part; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs (as in Fig. 393): fore coxa yellowish-white, remaining fore leg and mid and hind legs yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae in basal ⅔ and one row in apical ⅓, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 16 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown, anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins (as in Fig. 396).
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (as in Fig. 399), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ¾, sensory area pale as scape. Otherwise similar to female except flagellomeres 2-5 with a basal whorl of erect setae (as in Fig. 399); entire lower face white (as in Fig. 395); scutellum with posterior ¼ smooth; gaster shorter and with pale part white.
Etymology. This species is named after Sydney A. Cameron, in recognition of her contribution to the understanding of ACG Hymenoptera taxonomy.
Remarks. This species is morphologically identical to E. johnnoyesi, but the barcode is significantly different from this species, it is 5% divergent from E. johnnoyesi within the barcode region (24-32 bp (& 1 amino acid) different) (Fig. 35, Suppl. material 1), and also the host is different. In spite of the morphological similarity we therefore regard these as two different species. Diagnosis. Lower face with median part dark reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli (Figs 573,574); fore wing with four setae on dorsal surface of submarginal vein and admarginal setae in three rows; legs yellowishbrown (Fig. 572); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster with anterior ½ yellowishwhite with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown (Figs 575, 576); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest above the middle, 3.3× as long as wide (Fig. 578).

Euplectrus victoriapookae
Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 yellowish-brown with infuscations dorsally, 2 dark brown with base yellowish-brown, 3-6 dark brown (Fig. 577). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face with median part dark reddishbrown, pale area reaching to level of middle of toruli, with parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 573). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 590). Vertex with very weak reticulation (Fig. 591). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 591).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 572). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 592). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 785), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 785); anteromedially with a triangular cup that has posterior part strongly raised; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 572). Fore wing: submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell on ventral surface with three rows of setae in basal ½, two rows in apical ½, and margin with eight setae close to marginal vein; with 36 admarginal setae, in three rows.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 349). Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation, partly smooth (Fig. 358). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a deep groove (Fig. 786), groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny (Fig. 786); anteromedially with short and wide semicircular cup that is strongly raised in posterior part; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs (Fig. 349): fore and mid legs with coxae yellowish-white, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; hind leg with coxa black, femur yellowish-brown with apical ⅓ pale brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with five setae in apical ½; with 13 admarginal setae.
Ratios Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Feeding on third instar larva of Elaphria Poole08 (Noctuidae) feeding on unidentified Lejeuneaceae, parasitoid cocoons stuck to dead larva and substrate.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.4 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite with apex yellowish-brown, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellum yellowish-brown ventrally and pale brown dorsally (Fig. 564). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny with area lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown, lower face yellowish-brown, pale area reaches slightly outside of outer lateral margin of toruli (Fig. 560). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae, row partially double in upper ½ (Fig. 569). Vertex smooth with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle (Fig. 570). Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 570).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 559). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with ten setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 571). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a wide groove, medially 0.5× as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 787). Propodeum smooth (Fig. 787); anteromedially with a triangular cup that has posterior part strongly raised; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs yellowish-white with hind coxae pale yellowish-brown (Fig. 559). Fore wing: submarginal vein with six setae; costal cell on ventral surface predominantly with two rows of setae, apically with a single row, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 14 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins and with posterior ⅓ pale brown (Fig. 562).
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest apically, sensory pores confined to anteroventral ¾, sensory area pale brown (Fig. 565). Otherwise similar to female except pale area on lower face white (Fig. 561), gaster with anterior ⅔ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ⅓ dark brown (Fig. 563), and shorter.

Material.
Type material: 1♀ paratype of Euplectrus carlowae (BMNH). Diagnosis. Lower face with median part very dark reddish-brown and not delimited from surrounding black areas (Fig. 367); mandibles dark brown; dorsellum anteriorly with a fovea, medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum, that is divided medially by a longitudinal carina (Fig. 788); legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 366); petiole 1.0× as long as wide; gaster dark brown with a yellowish-white T-shaped spot in anterior ½ (Fig. 368).
Mesosoma dark brown and shiny (Fig. 366). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 375). Dorsellum anteriorly with a fovea, medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum, that is divided medially by a longitudinal carina (Fig. 788). Propodeum smooth (Fig. 788); anteromedially with a triangular cup that has posterior part strongly raised; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown with fore and mid coxae yellowish-white (Fig. 366). Fore wing: costal cell one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with ten admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown with a yellowish-white T-shaped spot in anterior ½ (Fig. 368). Diagnosis. Entire lower face yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 584) or completely white (male, Fig. 585), pale part close to eyes extends above level of toruli and laterally to hypostomal carina; vertex dark reddish-brown; legs in female with fore and mid legs white to yellowish-white with tarsi yellowish-brown, hind leg with coxa and tarsus yellowish-brown, femur and tibia yellowish-white (Fig.  583), in male fore and mid legs as in female, but hind leg with coxa and basal ½ of femur white, apical ½ of femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish-white; petiole 1.0× as long as wide in both sexes; female gaster yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, with posterior ⅓ pale brown with dark brown lateral margins and with a small round dark brown spot anteromedially (Fig. 586), male gaster with basal ½ white with black lateral margins, posterior ½ black (Fig. 587); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.8× as long as wide (Fig. 589).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 583). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 14 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 595). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 789), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 789); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 12 setae. Legs (Fig. 583): fore and mid legs white to yellowish-white with tarsi yellowish-brown, hind leg with coxa and tarsus yellowish-brown, femur and tibia yellowishwhite. Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Petiole anterolaterally with a strong seta. Gaster yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ⅓ pale brown with dark brown lateral margins and with a small round dark brown spot anteromedially (Fig. 586).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 383). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 392). Dorsellum with a very narrow groove along anterior margin (Fig. 790), medially less than 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 790); anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig.  383). Fore wing: costal cell with two complete rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with nine setae in apical ½; with 35 admarginal setae, in two rows in basal ⅔, with three rows in apical ⅓.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm. Antenna with scape white, pedicel and flagellomeres yellowish-white (Fig. 403). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-brown, pale area reaching slightly outside of outer lateral margins of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 401). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 407). Vertex with parts close to eyes dark reddish-brown; smooth (Fig. 408). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 408).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 400). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with nine setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, partly smooth (Fig.  409). Dorsellum anteriorly without a groove or foveae (Fig. 791). Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 791); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs white with hind coxa and hind femur yellowish-white (Fig.  400). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province) (Schauff and Janzen 2001). Diagnosis. Lower face yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 597) or white (male, Fig.  598), with a black stripe the width of smallest diameter of toruli close to eyes; scutellum with a small hump posteromedially (Fig. 612); dorsellum anteriorly with a very wide groove, medially 0.7× as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 792); legs yellowishwhite with hind coxa and hind femur yellowish-brown (Fig. 596); petiole 0.8× as long as wide; female gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown with apex reddish-brown (Fig. 599), male gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown anterolateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 600); male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest above the middle and with base narrow, 3.4× as long as wide (Fig. 602).

Euplectrus ivonae Schauff
Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-white in basal ½, yellowish-brown in apical ½, pedicel and flagellomere 1 yellowish-brown, 2-6 dark brown dorsally and yellowish-brown ventrally (Fig. 601). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face yellowish-brown with a black stripe the width of smallest diameter of toruli close to eyes (Fig. 597). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae that deviates away from eyes in upper part (Fig. 613). Vertex smooth (Fig. 614). Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 614).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 596). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 612). Dorsellum anteriorly with a very wide groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 792), groove medially 0.7× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticu-lation (Fig. 792); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur yellowish-brown (Fig. 596). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with one row of setae, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.2 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest above the middle and with base narrow (Fig. 602), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔ (Fig. 426). Otherwise similar to female except lower face white (Fig. 598); gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown anterolateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 600).

Euplectrus josei Schauff
Description. Female. Length of body 2.4 mm. Antenna with scape white, pedicel and flagellomeres yellowish-brown (Fig. 608). Mandibles and palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-brown, reaching to level of outer lateral margin of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 604). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae (Fig. 613). Vertex with parts close to eyes dark reddish-brown; with very weak reticulation (Fig. 614). Occipital margin with a carina (Fig. 614).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 603). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 13 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 615). Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 793), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 793); anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs white with hind coxa yellowish-white (Fig. 603). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 19 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 2.2 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 609), with sensory pores along entire ventral margin. Otherwise similar to female except petiole longer; gaster shorter with anterior ½ white with dark brown anterolateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 607).
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.8 mm. Scape white, expanded and widest close to base (Fig. 622), sensory pores confined to a wide groove along entire ventral margin. Otherwise similar to female except legs paler: fore and mid coxae white, femora yellowishwhite in basal ½, yellowish-brown in apical ½, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; petiole longer; gaster with anterior ½ dusky white with dark brown lateral margins (Fig.  620), and shorter.
Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province). Diagnosis. Lower face medially with median part yellowish-brown and lateral parts white, pale area reaching half-way between outer lateral margins of toruli and eyes (Figs  624, 625); fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowish-brown (Fig. 623); petiole 0.6× as long as wide in female, 0.8× in male; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown (female, Fig. 626) or white (male, Fig. 627) with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown; male antenna with scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, 2.9× as long as wide (Fig. 629), and with apicoventral sensory area dark brown.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 623). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 15 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation (Fig. 635). Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 795), groove medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 795); anteromedially with a transverse triangular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs (Fig. 623): fore and mid legs yellowish-white, hind leg yellowishbrown. Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Male. Length of body 1.9 mm. Scape slightly expanded and widest in the middle, sensory pores confined to apicoventral 2/3 and with sensory area dark brown (Fig. 629). Otherwise similar to female except legs yellowish-white with hind coxa and hind femur slightly darker; petiole longer; gaster shorter and with pale parts white (Fig. 627).
Description. Female. Length of body 1.3 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres dark brown (Fig. 420). Mandibles and palpi yellowishwhite. Head dark brown and shiny, lower face medially pale brown (Fig. 418). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae. Vertex smooth. Occipital margin with a carina.
Mesosoma dark brown and shiny (Fig. 417). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; almost smooth with only very weak traces of reticulation. Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa dark brown and hind femur pale brown (Fig. 417). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with one row of setae, and margin with one seta close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 636). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with weak reticulation (Fig. 494). Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig.  796), groove medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 796); anteromedially with a triangular cup; propodeal callus with 15 setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 636). Fore wing: costal cell with one complete row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 18 admarginal setae mainly in one row, in apical ⅓ in two rows.
Gaster yellowish-brown with lateral margins black (Fig. 639 Male. Length of body 1.7 mm. Scape yellowish-white, slightly expanded and widest in the middle (Fig. 643), sensory pores confined to apicoventral ⅔. Similar to female except gaster shorter and black with a large yellowish-white spot in apical ½ (Fig. 640).
The name of this species is frequently misspellt in the literature, as "Euplectrus plathypenae", as is also the host Spodoptera frugiperda, as "S. fugiperda".

Material.
Type material: 1♀ paratype of Euplectrus ronniei (USNM). Additional mate-which has the same host, but some morphological features do not agree between the females of E. garygibsoni and the males that formerly were E. ronniei. There are no barcode for the specimens from Oxidercia. The identity of the males from Oxidercia remains unsolved until further information becomes available. Figures 6-13 , 644-650, 656-658, 797 Rekabia testaceipes Cameron, 1904: 66. Lectotype ♂ (BMNH), examined.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 644). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 15 setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with rather strong engraved reticulation (Fig. 658). Diagnosis. Lower face predominantly pale, medially yellowish-brown and laterally yellowish-white but with a black area the width of the width of scape between pale spot and eye margin (Figs 670, 671); vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown; gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown with apex reddish-brown (female, Fig. 672), or dark brown with a large white spot in anterior ½ (male, Fig. 673); legs yellowish-white, hind coxa slightly darker (Fig. 669); petiole 0.8× as long as wide.

Hosts and biology. Hemiceras and
Description. Female. Length of body 2.3 mm. Antenna with scape yellowishwhite, pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 674). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, vertex with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown, lower face predominantly pale, medially yellowish-brown and laterally yellowish-white, with a black area the width of the width of scape between pale spot and eye margin (Fig. 670). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae. Vertex with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle, smooth outside ocellar triangle. Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 669). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with engraved rather strong reticulation, meshes isodiametric. Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove, reaching ¼ the length of dorsellum. Propodeum with very weak reticulation; anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 13 setae. Legs yellowish-white, hind coxae slightly darker (Fig.  669). Wing veins and setae transparent; submarginal vein with four setae; costal cell with two irregular and sparse rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 12 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown with apex reddish-brown (Fig. 672). Ratios Remarks. The description of E. catocalae was based on two females and three males reared from a larva collected July 5 1873, in Saint Louis, Missouri. In the USNM there is a card with five points, each point with a specimen -two females and three males. These specimens are labeled "411 L. Par on Catocala", "Type No. 2656 U.S.N.M.", but there is no information on locality or collection date. However, as the number of specimens of each sex, the host, and the specimens agree with the description, these are strong indications that these specimens are the type material. The five specimens are from left to right: a female with head missing, a male with antennae missing, a female with antennae missing, a male with antennae missing, a male with left antenna missing. The male on the far right is designated lectotype and the remaining specimens are paralectotypes. In the USNM there is also another card with seven points, each point with a specimen -six females and one male, and with same label data as as the syntypes. There is no mention of these seven specimens in the original description and even though they are conspecific with the syntypes and probably from the same collecting event they are not type material. Six of these specimens lack the head, and the 7 th specimen, a female, lacks the flagellum on the right antenna.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomere 1 pale brown (Fig. 679), remaining flagellomeres missing. Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face completely pale ( Fig. 677), with median part reddish-brown and parts close to eyes yellowish-brown. Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae. Vertex smooth. Occipital margin rounded.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 676). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 11 setae. Scutellum 1.1× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation and with lateral and posterior margins smooth. Dorsellum with a narrow groove along anterior margin, medially ¼ as long as length of dorsellum (Fig. 680). Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 676). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster dark brown with a large pale spot in anterior ½ (Fig. 678) Remarks. According to LaSalle and Schauff (1992) the lectotype specimen of E. chapadae designated by them was a male. However, the specimen examined, which also has the lectotype label by LaSalle & Schauff, is a female.
The lectotype specimen is with head detached from the body and glued separately to the card. The specimen lacks all flagellomeres except the flagellomere 1 on both antennae, and left fore tarsus.

Description.
Female. Length of body 1.9 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, base of scape whitish, flagellomeres brown (Fig. 686). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, vertex dark reddish-brown almost black, lower face yellowish-brown medially, pale area reaching slightly outside of level of outer lateral margin of toruli, part between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 682). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae. Vertex smooth. Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 681). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; smooth in anteromedian ⅔, remaining parts with very weak reticulation. Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae, groove medially 0.4× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with nine setae. Legs yellowish-white, hind coxa yellowish-brown (Fig. 681). Both fore wings missing in examined female specimen.
Mesosoma dark brown and shiny (Fig. 692). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with nine setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 705). Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae (Fig. 799), groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 799); anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with 12 setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 692). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 12 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins (Fig. 695 Male. Length of body 2.0 mm. Scape narrow and widest in apical part (Fig. 698), sensory area confined to apicoventral ½ and with same colour as remaining scape (yellowish-white). Gaster in anterior ½ yellowish-brown in median ⅓ and dark brown laterally, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 696) Diagnosis. Lower face in male (female head missing) yellowish-brown with a narrow dark stripe between pale area and eye margin, dark stripe about as wide as ½ the diameter of one torulus, and with part between antennal scrobes reddish-brown (Fig.  717); gaster in female yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins and with a round dark brown spot posteromedially (Fig. 718), in male with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown; legs yellowish-white (Fig.  716); dorsellum with a narrow groove along anterior margin, medially reaching ⅓ of dorsellum length; petiole 0.5× as long as wide.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.5 mm (estimated as the female examined lacks head).
Head missing in holotype female. Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 716). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with engraved rather strong reticulation, meshes slightly elongate, posterior margin smooth. Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove, medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum, part behind groove with very weak reticulation. Propodeum with very weak reticulation; anteromedially with a very short and wide cup, 0.3× as long as wide; propodeal callus with 14 setae. Legs yellowish-white (Fig. 716). Wings missing holotype female.
Gaster yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins and with a round dark brown spot posteromedially (Fig. 718).
Male. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-white, expanded apically, sensory area with same colour as remaining scape; pedicel and basal three flagellomeres yellowish-brown, apical three flagellomeres missing in examined male (Fig. 719). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head dark reddish-brown, lower face yellowish-brown with a narrow dark stripe between pale area and eye margin, dark stripe about as wide as ½ the diameter of one torulus, and with part between antennal scrobes reddish-brown (Fig. 717). Frons close to eyes with two irregular rows of setae. Vertex with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle, outside ocellar triangle smooth. Occipital margin rounded.
Fore wing: costal cell with two irregular and sparse rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 17 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown.
Remarks. The original description was based on a single female from an unknown noctuid larva collected on black walnut in September 13, 1882, Arlington Virginia. In the USNM there are two specimens, a female and a male, under this name. Both are labeled "No. 2841, Sept-13-82", "Type No. 2657S.N.M.". Howard does not mention any male in his description, but as the male mentioned above has the same labels as the holotype female these two specimens are very likely from the same series and are conspecific. The female lacks the head and wings, the male lacks left flagellum and apical 3 flagellomeres on the right antenna, left fore leg with only coxa and left mid leg with coxa+femur remaining, left hind leg with apical 3 tarsomeres missing.
As the female lacks the head, features of the male head has been used to include the female in the key. Female and male heads are similar in some features, but the placement of the female in the key must be considered provisional until a female head is found.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.0 mm. Antenna with scape, pedicel and flagellomeres 1-2 yellowish-brown, flagellomeres 3-6 pale brown. Mandibles and palpi yellowish-brown. Head including lower face black and shiny. Vertex smooth and shiny. Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle.
Mesosoma black and shiny. Scutellum convex, 1.0× as long as wide, with very weak engraved reticulation, posterior and lateral margins smooth. Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae, groove medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup that has posterior part strongly raised; propodeal callus with eight setae. Legs yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell on margin with two setae close to marginal vein.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-brown with dark brown lateral margins, posterior ½ dark brown. Ratios
Diagnosis. Very similar to the male of E. alvarowillei, i.e. with a black and strongly swollen scape (Fig. 59), pedicel and flagellomeres 1-2 yellowish-white and flagellomere 3 dark brown. Differs in having lower face medially reddish-brown (black in E. alvarowillei); petiole transverse (0.8× as long as wide) (1.0× as long as wide in E. alvarowillei); hind legs with coxae and femora yellowish-brown (darker in E. alvarowillei).
Description. Male. Length of body 1.6 mm. Antenna with scape black, strongly swollen, not possible to measure as both scapes have collapsed; pedicel and flagellomeres 1-2 yellowish-white, flagellomere 3 black with peduncle yellowish-white (flagellomeres 4-6 missing). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-brown. Head black and shiny, lower face medially reddish-brown. Vertex smooth and shiny. Occipital margin rounded.
Mesosoma black and shiny. Mesoscutum with sidelobes with several setae. Scutellum convex; 1.1× as long as wide; with very weak reticulation, posterior and lateral margins smooth. Dorsellum along anterior margin with a very narrow groove. Propodeum smooth and shiny; anteromedially with a triangular cup; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs yellowish-brown.
Gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with lateral margins dark brown, posterior ½ dark brown.
Ratios Remarks. Bouček (1977) synonymized E. insularis with E. furnius. Euplectrus insularis is known only from males and E. furnius only from females. The biology is not known for either species. Until the host is known for either and the sexes can be associated it is best to keep these two species separate. Lectotype specimen of E. insularis with flagellomeres 4-6 and right fore wing missing.

Diagnosis.
Lower face medially yellowish-white with median part yellowish-brown, pale area extending slightly outside of outer lateral margins of toruli (Fig. 689); legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa slightly darker (Fig. 688); fore wing submarginal vein with six setae; petiole 0.5× as long as wide; gaster yellowish-brown, in anterior ⅔ with lateral margins dark brown, and with a darker spot in posteromedian part (Fig. 690).
Description. Female. Length of body 2.1 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown with ventral part of flagellomeres 1-3 yellowish-brown (Fig. 691). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black with parts lateral to ocellar triangle dark reddish-brown and shiny, lower face medially yellowishwhite with median part yellowish-brown, pale area extending slightly outside outer lateral margins of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 689). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae. Vertex smooth lateral to ocellar triangle, with very weak reticulation inside ocellar triangle. Occipital margin with a carina.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 688). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak and engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth. Dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that is divided by longitudinal carinae. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a semicircular cup; propodeal callus with five visible setae, but some appears broken off, so probably with more than five setae. Legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa slightly darker (Fig. 688). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae, and margin with two setae close to marginal vein; with 13 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster yellowish-brown with margins in anterior ⅔ dark brown and with a darker spot in posteromedian part (Fig. 690).

Diagnosis.
Entire lower face white with median part yellowish-white (Fig.  700); scape slightly expanded and widest in apical part, 3.6× as long as wide (Fig.  700), sensory pores confined to apico-ventral part, sensory area with same colour as scape; legs white; petiole 0.6× as long as wide, with posterior margin strongly curved forwards (Fig. 702); gaster with anterior ½ yellowish-white with anterolateral margins dark brown, margin broken medially by white stripe, posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 701).
Description. Male. Length of body 1.3 mm. Antenna with scape white, pedicel yellowish-white, flagellomeres missing in type specimens; scape slightly expanded and widest in apical part (Fig. 700), sensory pores confined to apico-ventral part, sensory area with same colour as scape. Mandibles and palpi white. Head dark reddish-brown and shiny, entire lower face white with median part yellowish-white (Fig. 700). Frons close to eyes with a row of setae and with some setae parallel to this row. Vertex smooth. Occipital margin with a weak carina behind ocellar triangle.
Mesosoma dark reddish-brown (Fig. 699). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with eight setae. Scutellum 1.1× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, with posterior margin smooth. Dorsellum anteriorly without a groove or foveae. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs white (Fig. 699). Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein; with 12 admarginal setae, in one row.
Ratios Female. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Recorded as "Arctiidae indet." (Howard 1885), but highly unlikely to be the host. Arctiidae is nowadays classifed as a subfamily (Arctiinae) in Erebidae.

Remarks.
The syntype series consists of three males. One male is on a strongly corroded pin and this specimen lacks the head. Two males are glued to the same card, specimen to the left lacks entire left antenna and pedicel+flagellum on the right antenna, the right hindwing, hind legs, tarsus on right midleg; specimen to the right lacks the flagellum on the left antenna and pedicel+flagellum on the right antenna, tarsus on right fore and mid legs, and right wing-pair. The lectotype is the male to the right of the two males glue to the same card. Labels on the pin: "No.647.a. July 19.80 [1880]", "Type No. 2654 U.S.N.M.", "Euplectrus leuctrophis How. ms.". All specimens have a pale appearance which might be due to bleaching by light. Material. Type material: ♀ lectotype of Euplectus marginatus (USNM). Diagnosis. Head including lower face black (Fig. 728); scutellum with strong engraved reticulation; dorsellum and propodeum with strong reticulation; legs yellowishbrown (Fig. 727); petiole 0.7× as long as wide; gaster dark brown with a yellowishbrown spot anteromedially (Fig. 729).

Euplectrus marginatus Ashmead
Description. Female. Length of body 1.5 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, (Fig. 728). Mandibles and palpi not visible. Head including lower face black and shiny (Fig. 728). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae. Vertex with weak reticulation. Occipital margin with a carina.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 727). Mesoscutum with number of setae on sidelobes difficult to see because they are mostly broken. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with strong engraved reticulation. Dorsellum with a narrow groove along anterior margin. Propodeum strongly reticulate; anteromedially with a transverse semicircular cup; propodeal callus with six setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 727). Fore wing: setae on ventral side of costal cell and admarginal setae difficult to see; margin of costal cell with one seta close to marginal vein.
Gaster dark brown with a small yellowish-brown spot anteromedially (Fig. 729 Remarks. This species was described from 15 specimens, 13 females and 2 males, but no primary type was selected. One of the females is here designated as lectotype, with labels "Jacksonville, Fla", "Type", "Type No.27642, U.S.N.M.", "Euplectrus marginatus Ashm.", "Euplectrus marginatus Lectotype Gordh 1978". This specimen was selected as lectotype by G. Gordh but was never validated. The redescription above is based on the lectotype, as are also the illustrations. The lectotype lacks entire right antenna and left antennal flagellum.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.4 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres brown (Fig. 463). Mandibles and palpi yellowishbrown. Head black and shiny, lower face medially yellowish-brown, pale area reaching half-way between outer lateral margins of toruli and eyes, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 461). Frons close to eyes with one row of setae. Vertex smooth. Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 460). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 12 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; reticulate with elongate meshes that converge toward the middle, anteromedian ½ of scutellum with weaker reticulation. Dorsellum with a very narrow groove along anterior margin, medially 0.1× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a triangular cup; propodeal callus with 12 setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 460). Fore wing: costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, and margin with four setae close to marginal vein.
Material. Type material: ♀ lectotype of Euplectrus pachyscapha (USNM). Diagnosis. Lower face medially reddish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margins of toruli (Fig. 449); head below level of eyes distinctly pointed (Fig. 449); female scape long with ⅕ reaching above level of vertex (Fig. 452); dorsellum anteriorly with a groove that covers ⅓ the length of dorsellum and is divided by longitudinal carinae; legs yellowish-brown with hind coxa slightly darker (Fig. 448); petiole 0.5× as long as wide; gaster yellowish-brown in median ⅓ with lateral margins dark brown, and with a dark brown round spot posteromedially (Fig. 450).
Description. Female. Length of body 2.4 mm. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish-brown, flagellomeres pale brown (Fig. 451); scape long with ⅕ reaching above level of vertex (Fig. 452). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black and shiny, lower face medially reddish-brown, pale area reaching to outer lateral margins of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 449). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae. Vertex inside ocellar triangle with very weak reticulation, outside triangle smooth. Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 448). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 16 setae. Scutellum 1.0× as long as wide; with weak and engraved reticulation and with elongate meshes in anterior ⅓ and isodiametric in posterior ⅔, posterior margin smooth. Dorsellum with a groove along anterior margin that is divided by longitudinal carinae, medially 0.3× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum with weak reticulation; anteromedially with a triangular cup; propodeal callus with ten setae. Legs yellowishbrown with hind coxa slightly darker (Fig. 448). Fore wing: costal cell on ventral surface with two rows of setae, and margin with five setae close to marginal vein; with 17 admarginal setae, in one row.
Gaster yellowish-brown in median ⅓ with lateral margins dark brown, and with a dark brown round spot posteromedially (Fig. 450).

Material.
Type material: 10♀ 3♂ paratypes of E. puttleri (UCR). Diagnosis. Lower face medially yellowish-white with median ⅓ yellowish-brown, pale area reaching slightly outside of outer lateral margins of toruli (Figs 710, 711); dorsellum tions of USNM (M. Gates, personal communication), and therefore no material of this species has been examined.
Diagnosis. In spite of the lack of material the original description gives valuable clues as to the identity of this species. Lower face is brown medially and dark yellow lateral to median dark brown area; hind coxae are black; posterior part of scutellum is overhanging dorsellum and hides anterior part of dorsellum; propodeum with anteromedian cup flattened, not raised as in the other species of Euplectrus; petiole is 1.5× as long as wide, i.e. very long for a Euplectrus.

Euplectrus semimarginatus Girault
Gaster yellowish-brown with anterolateral margins dark brown (Fig. 478 Male. Unknown. Hosts and biology. Aphis rumicis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Girault 1917b). In view of other host records for species of Euplectrus this host record is very dubious and needs verification.
Remarks. The lectotype female lacks the head and is therefore not possible to include in the identification key. However, the gaster is with a very distinct pattern: yellowish-brown with dark brown margins in anterior ⅓ (Fig. 478), much like in E. bobwhartoni and E. charlesporteri. E. semimarginatus also has very weak reticulation on the scutellum, which thus is shiny, as in E. bobwhartoni (Fig. 69) but unlike E. charlesporteri which has stronger reticulation on the scutellum (Fig. 86). E. semimarginatus differs from E. bobwhartoni in having hindleg with tarsomere 1 1.7× as long as tarsomere 4, in E. bobwhartoni tarsomere 1 and 4 are equally long. Also similar to E. floryae and E. jesusugaldei but both these species have the dark margins on female gaster extending along more or less the entire gaster.
In the original description there is no mention on what material the description is based. Therefore a female that agrees with the original description, in USNM, and labeled: "College Stn Sept Banks", "Texas", "Type 21431", "Euplectrus semimarginatus Girault female type" is designated as lectotype here.

Material. Type material: ♀ holotype of Euplectrus solitarius (USNM).
Diagnosis. Lower face medially reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of outer lateral margins of toruli (Fig. 487); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 486); scutellum with very weak engraved reticulation, almost smooth medially and with posterior ⅕ smooth; dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove that medially reaches ⅕ of length of dorsellum.
Description. Female. Length of body 1.3 mm (excluding gaster which is missing in holotype). Antenna with scape yellowish-white, pedicel yellowish-brown (Fig. 488). Mandibles and palpi yellowish-brown. Head black and shiny, lower face medially reddish-brown, pale area reaching to level of outer lateral margins of toruli, parts between pale area and eyes black (Fig. 487). Frons close to eyes with three rows of setae. Vertex smooth. Occipital margin rounded.
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 486). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with 14 setae. Scutellum 1.1× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, almost smooth medially and with posterior ⅕ smooth. Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove, medially about 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth; anteromedially with a triangular cup that has posterior part strongly raised; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 486) (Ashmead 1904).

Remarks.
The holotype specimen lacks flagellum on both antennae, femora, tibiae and tarsi on fore legs, entire hind left leg, and petiole+gaster. The missing body parts make it difficult to fix the identity of this species and it is therefore not possible to include in the key. [730][731][732]801 Euplectrus valverdei Schauff in Schauff & Janzen, 2001: 220-224. Holotype ♀ (INBio), not examined.

Material.
Type material: 1♀ 1♂ paratypes (BMNH). Additional material: COSTA RICA: 2♀ from Alajuela Province in malaise traps (INBio). Diagnosis. Lower face medially dark reddish-brown to black and not clearly delimited from surrounding black areas (Fig. 721); mandibles dark brown; female with fore and midlegs with coxae yellowish-white, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; hind coxa pale brown, femur with basal ½ yellowish-white and apical ½ pale brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown (Fig. 720), male legs as in female but with hind coxa yellowish-brown; petiole 0.8× as long as wide; female gaster dark brown with a large T-shaped yellowish-white spot in anterior ½ and with apex reddish-brown (Fig. 723), male gaster with anterior ½ white with dark brown lateral margins and posterior ½ dark brown (Fig. 724); male scape strongly expanded and widest close to base (Fig.  726), 1.4× as long as wide, sensory pores cover entire inner lateral surface.
Description. Female. Length of body 2.6 mm. Antenna with scape white with apex yellowish-white, pedicel, flagellomere 1 and base of 2 yellowish-brown, apical part of flagellomere 2 and entire 3-6 dark brown (Fig. 725). Mandibles dark brown, palpi white. Head black and shiny, lower face below toruli very dark reddish-brown to black and not clearly delimited from surrounding black areas (Fig. 721). Frons close to eyes with two rows of setae (Fig. 730). Vertex smooth (Fig. 731). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 731).
Gaster dark brown with a large T-shaped yellowish-white spot in anterior ½ and with apex reddish-brown (Fig. 723).
Mesosoma black and shiny (Fig. 502). Each sidelobe of mesoscutum with four setae. Scutellum 0.9× as long as wide; with very weak engraved reticulation, posterior margin smooth (Fig. 511). Dorsellum anteriorly with a narrow groove (Fig. 802), medially 0.2× as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth (Fig. 802); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that has posterior part strongly raised; propodeal callus with seven setae. Legs (Fig. 502): fore and mid legs with coxae yellowish-white, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; hind coxa dark brown, femur with basal ½ yellowish-white and apical ½ pale brown, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown. Fore wing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with three setae close to marginal vein; with 12 admarginal setae, in one row.

Remarks.
The type material of this species is mainly destroyed, the only parts remaining (Juan José Martínez in MACN, personal communication) are one antenna each of a male and a female on slides (Figs 579, 580). As only an antenna of each sex remain it is difficult to fix the identity of E. ronnai. The strongly enlarged yellow scape in the male is the same as in E. valverdei, but some other characters are different between these species. The males of E. ronnai have entire antenna yellow (Fig. 580, also according to the original description), and mid tibia with apical part black (according to original description); males of E. valverdei have flagellomeres 1-4 yellowish-white and 5-6 pale brown, and mid tibia entirely yellowish-brown. Thus these are very probably different species. The only remaining and distinctive part of E. ronnai is the male antenna on slide, which also agrees with the original description, and this is hereby designated as lectotype for the species. The female antenna on slide is designated paralectotype of E. ronnai.   Figures 9-11. Euplectrus testaceipes: 9 last instar growing on the back of the caterpillar (08-SRNP-16396) in Fig. 8 10 beginning cocoon spinning on the back of the caterpillar (08-SRNP-16396) in Fig. 8 11 nearly completed ruff of gregarious cocoons on the back of caterpillar (08-SRNP-16396) in Fig. 8.  Figures 12-15  ; the yellow balls between the pupae are meconial pellets, one defecated by each larva immediately before pupation 28 prepupae of E. wonyoungchoi in their partly spun cocoons beneath the cadaver of Elaphria Poole08 (Noctuidae) (11-SRNP-32964); they have not yet defecated their meconial pellets 29 pupae of E. lubomirmasneri beneath the cadaver of Cecharismena zoum (Erebidae) (14-SRNP-30332); the black balls are recently defecated meconial pellets 30 lateral view of the same Euplectrus and caterpillar as in Fig. 29.  Figures 31-33. Euplectrus spp.: 31 newly eclosed pupal remains of E. johnlasallei that were below the cadaver of the caterpillar of Sericochroa Janzen01 (Notodontidae) (07-SRNP-31411), which has been lifted off of them as they were stuck to the surface of the glass rearing bottle to which they were glued by the drying pupal liquids, with the cocoon silk at the sides and the cadaver as the roof of the pupal chamber 32 recently eclosed pupal remains of E. fernandezi glued to the leaf below the cadaver of a last instar Euglyphis jessiehillae (Lasiocampidae) (06-SRNP-4798); the hairy caterpillar has been lifted off the pupae and this species of Euplectrus appears to not spin a silken cocoon as do all the other reared ACG Euplectrus 33 recently eclosed pupal remains of E. fernandezi glued to the leaf, with no visible silk, beneath the hairy cadaver of a last instar Euglyphis jessiehillae (Lasiocampidae) (07-SRNP-2713).   Figure 35. Interspecific variation of DNA barcodes among species of ACG Euplectrus displayed using the Neighbor-Joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987) with distances computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980) conducted in MEGA6 (Tamura et al 2013). When there was more than one sequence available for each species, the representative sequence was selected based on quality (longest read length with the fewest ambiguities). Line labels are the voucher code|species name|host family|number of barcoded specimens in the ACG database at the time of writing. In the two cases where two species have nearly identical barcodes, morphological differences suggest that each pair indeed contains two species, the veracity of which will be the subject of further research when more samples are available.