Continental paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous, highlighting the position of the European paleobioprovince (yellow dotted line). A Global paleogeography during the relative sea-level highstand period of the Turonian, showing maximum geographical fragmentation of Europe B Global paleogeography during the relative sea-level lowstand period of the latest Maastrichtian, showing significant extension of emergent areas. Abbreviations: AFR Africa; ANT Antarctica; APP Appalachia; AUS Australia; CAS Central (or Middle) Asia; EAS Eastern Asia; EUR Europe; IN India; IN-M Indo-Malagasy Landmass; LAR Laramidia; MA Madagascar; NAM North America; SAM South America; WAF western Africa. Base maps courtesy of R. Blakey.