Corresponding author: Michal Tkoč (
Academic editor: T. Dikow
Altogether 18 species of the families
Tkoč M, Roháček J (2014) Diversity, distribution and biology of Romanian flat-footed flies (Diptera, Opetiidae and Platypezidae) with taxonomic notes on
The
These two families of flat-footed flies include 44 species in 13 genera in Europe (
Specimens were examined with an Olympus SZX10 binocular microscope. Photographs were taken by Canon 600D and/or 60D with MPE-65 macro lens and in some cases combined from multiple layers using Helicon Focus Pro 5.2. Drawings and photographs were edited in CorelDRAW 12 and Corel PHOTO-PAINT 12 graphic software. Morphological terminology follows
Distributional data follows
The following abbreviations are used in the text: I–XII – January to December, BMNH – The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, JR – Jindřich Roháček, ER – European Russia, FE – Far East of Russia, MT – Michal Tkoč, NMPC – National Museum, Praha, Czech Republic, SMNS – Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany, SMOC – Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic. The species with asterisk (*) in front of their names represent new records for Romania. The translations of original localities from Romanian are in square brackets [ ], together with names of the respective county and historical region.
Orlát [Orlat, Sibiu, Transilvania] (
1 ♂, 1. vi. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 4km NE, Kulhavá skála, Vranovec cave (Figure
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER).
The adults run on broad leaves in wooded biotopes, where they sometimes form swarms. Its larvae are unknown. The adults were reared from very rotten beech wood and leaf litter (
Mehádia [Mehadia, Caraș-Severin, Banat]; Szászka [Szászka, Caraș-Severin, Banat] (
1 ♀, 31. v. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 1 km E, Alibeg brook valley (Figure
Palaearctic species reaching to Oriental region (Taiwan). Recorded in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER, FE).
Most common species of the genus in the Palaearctic Region. The adults of both sexes are often found running on
Mehadia, Karaš-Severin [Caraș-Severin, Banat], 3.vii.1912, Oldenberg coll. (SMNS) (
Palaearctic species. Recorded in the Czech Republic, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Russia (ER, FE) and Georgia (North Ossetia) in the Caucasus (
Larvae are unknown;
Szászka [Szászka, Banat, Caraș-Severin] (
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER).
Host fungus is
1 ♂, Czerna Ufers [=Cerna river banks], Herkulesbad [Băile Herculane, Caraș-Severin, Banat], 13.vii.1912 (
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Russia (FE).
Unknown. Adults are usually swept from vegetation along brooks in forests (
1 ♀, 19. v. 2011, Alba, Alba Iulia, 1 km E, 380 m a.s.l.,
Palaearctic species. Recorded in the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland and Russia (ER).
Very rare species with early flight period. The individuals are collected only in IV and V and were almost exclusively females. Larval biology and host fungus are unknown.
Mehádia [Mehadia, Caraș-Severin, Banat] (
1 ♀, 1. vi. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 4 km NE, Kulhavá skála, Vranovec cave (Figure
Palaearctic species. Recorded in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER, FE).
Uncommon species with adults occurring in undergrowth and along brooks in humid deciduous and mixed forests (
Mehádia [Mehadia, Caraș-Severin, Banat]; Orsova [Orșova, Mehedinți, Banat] (
1 ♀, 1 vi. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 4 km NE, Kulhavá skála, Vranovec cave (Figure
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania and Russia (ER).
Common species, the larvae live on mycelia under bark of fallen trunks of various trees. A record from mycelia on bark on the underside of aspen trunks lying on the ground was mentioned by
Mehádia [Mehadia, Caraș-Severin, Banat] (
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Andorra, Austria, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania and Russia (ER).
Unknown, the larvae probably live on mycelia under bark of fallen trunks of various trees (similarly to other species of
1 ♂, 1. vi. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 4 km NE, Kulhavá skála, Vranovec cave (Figure
Palaearctic species. Hitherto recorded only from Bulgaria (
Unknown. The larvae of other European
This is the second specimen and first male of the species from Europe. Other known material (♂♂ and ♀♀) was collected in the Far East of Russia, Amur region (
1 ♂, Retezatului Mts, near Hobita, Calana [Hobița, Hunedoara], 29. vi. 1969, in mature pine forest, B.H. Cogan and R.I. Vane-Wright leg. (BMNH) (
1 ♀, 31. v. 2011, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 1 km E, Alibeg brook valley (Figure
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Andorra, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia (ER) and Caucasus.
Less common than
1 ♂, Herkulesbad [Băile Herculane, Caraș-Severin, Banat], 6.vi.1904, Kertész lgt. (
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER, FE).
Rather rare in Europe but more common in the Far East of Russia (
Mehádia [Mehadia, Caraș-Severin] (
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Russia (ER).
Immature stages develop in
Szászka [Szászka, Caraș-Severin, Banat] (
1 ♂, 19. v. 2011, Alba, Alba Iulia, 1 km E, 380 m a.s.l.,
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER).
Immature stages develop in
Mehádia [Mehadia, Caraș-Severin, Banat] (
1 ♂, 1. vi. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 4 km NE, Kulhavá skála, Vranovec cave (Figure
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and Russia (ER).
Common species, larvae develop in various species of
Szászka [Szászka, Caraș-Severin, Banat] (
Palaearctic species reaching to Oriental region. Distributed in the Czech Republic, Great Britain, Finland, Norway, Slovakia, Switzerland, Sweden, Russia and Myanmar [=Burma].
Rare species associated with
1♂, „Bucarest” [București], A.L. Montandon leg., ex E. Brunetti coll. (BMNH) (
1 ♂, 25. v. 2013, Mer occ., Muntii Locvei Mts., Sfanta Elena env., cca
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Morocco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and Russia (ER).
Larvae mostly develop in fruiting bodies of various
1 ♀, 1. vi. 2008, Banat, Sfânta Elena, 2.5 km NE, 420 m a.s.l.,
Palaearctic species. Recorded in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain and Switzerland.
The species was only recently separated from
Family
Family
Subfamily
Subfamily
Altogether 18 species of the families
The discovery of the first male of
Habitats of
We would like to thank Dmitry Gavryushin for the photos he kindly provided to this paper. Peter J. Chandler and Heather J. Cumming are acknowledged for the review of the manuscript and English corrections. The study was supported by the Charles University in Prague, project GA UK No. 1294214. Support was also received from the grants of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2013/12 and 2014/13, National Museum, Prague, 00023272) and the Institutional Research Support grant of the Charles University, Prague (No. SVV 260 087/2014). This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project