2urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7Eurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727AZooKeysZK1313-29891313-2970Pensoft Publishers10.3897/zookeys.456.85844277Research ArticleColeopteraTaxonomyChinaThree new species of the myrmecophilous genus Doryloxenus from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)SongXiao-bin1LiLi-Zhenlizhenli@shnu.edu.cn1Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
Corresponding author: Li-Zhen Li (lizhenli@shnu.edu.cn)
Academic editor: J. Klimaszewski
20142111201445675834110FFA9-6E35-3C65-FFE2-FFF57179FF9A10B0FA86-AB6F-40BA-8F19-1BFB8A6FA7775786271509201431102014Xiao-bin Song, Li-Zhen LiThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/10B0FA86-AB6F-40BA-8F19-1BFB8A6FA777
Three new species of the pygostenine genus Doryloxenus Wasmann, viz., D.aenictophilussp. n. (from Zhejiang), D.tangliangisp. n. (from Zhejiang), and D.songzhigaoisp. n. (from Yunnan), are described, illustrated and distinguished from the Asian congeners. An identification key to the Chinese species is given.
PygosteniniDoryloxenusmyrmecophilousarmy antnew speciesChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaCitation
Song X-B, Li L-Z (2014) Three new species of the myrmecophilous genus Doryloxenus from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys 456: 75–83. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.456.8584
Introduction
The myrmecophilous genus Doryloxenus Wasmann currently contains 36 species worldwide (Jacobson and Kistner 1975; Jacobson 1980; Naomi 1996; Pace 1998; Kistner et al. 2003; Assing 2009), among which three are known from China: D.hongkongensis Pace (Hongkong), D.rougemonti Pace (Hongkong), and D.yunnanus Assing (Yunnan). Members of Doryloxenus are commonly found in association with the army ant genus Dorylus, but symbiotic hosts of all Chinese Doryloxenus remain unknown.
In 2013, the senior author and his colleagues surveyed the myrmecophilous and termitophilous staphylinidae at Longwangshan Natural Reserve, Zhejiang (Fig. 4A) and Zizhi Village, Yunnan (Fig. 4C), and collected a series of aleocharine beetles from the colonies of army ant Aenictus sp. and Dorylusorientalis. A closer examination of this material revealed three new species of the genus Doryloxenus, which are described herein.
Material and methods
Holotypes and most of the paratypes are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (SNUC), and some of paratypes are deposited in the Kyushu University Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (KUM).
Specimens were killed with ethyl acetate and preserved in 75% ethanol before dissection; photos of habitus were taken by a Canon EOS 7D with an MP-E 65mm macro photo lens; photos of characteristic pattern were taken by a Canon G9 Camera mounted on an Olympus CX31 microscope.
The following abbreviations are applied in the text: BL – body length, from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VIII; FBL – forebody length, from the clypeal anterior margin to the posterior margin of elytra; HL – head length, from the clypeal anterior margin to the occipital constriction; PL – length of the pronotum along the midline; HW – width of the head across the eyes; PW – maximum width of the pronotum.
TaxonomyAnimaliaColeopteraStaphylinidae7D768F3F-405C-599F-B2E3-B3A09FBAFF73DoryloxenusWasmannDoryloxenus Wasmann, 1898: 101 (original description, type species: Doryloxenuscornutus Wasmann, 1898); Jacobson and Kistner 1975: 299 (key, diagnosis).Remarks.
The genus is most similar to Odontoxenus Kistner in general appearance. It can be easily separated from Odontoxenus by the eyes having no part of their surface on the anterior margin of the head, the quadrate mesocoxal cavity, and the shorter mesosternum (Jacobson and Kistner 1975). Doryloxenus is also similar to Pygoplanus Kistner by the limuloid shape, but can be distinguished from it by the different shapes of the mandibles and labrum, the maxillary palpus distinctly longer than the setulate galea (Kistner et al. 2003).
Holotype: China: ♂, labeled ‘CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Huzhou City, Anji County (安吉县), Longwangshan (龙王山), alt. 1330m, 30°24'15.53"N, 119°26'36.81"E, 14-V-2013, X.-B. Song leg., from a colony of Aenictus sp. / HOLOTYPE [red], Doryloxenusaenictophilus sp. n., Song & Li det. 2014, SNUC’. Paratype: China: 1♂, 1♀, 8 sex?, same data as holotype, bearing the following label: ‘PARATYPE [yellow], Doryloxenusaenictophilus sp. n., Song & Li det. 2014’. (SNUC, KUM).
Comparative notes.
Doryloxenusaenictophilus is most similar to D.tangliangi described below by the forebody sparsely covered with yellow setae and the macrochaetotaxy of tergites II–V: 6, 4, 4, 4, 4. It differs from D.tangliangi by the smaller eyes, the shorter elytra and the reduced hind wings. The new species is also similar to the unique blind and wingless species D.coecus Kistner by the light color and the short elytra, but can be easily distinguished from it by the presence of small eyes, the different macrochaetotaxy of abdominal tergites II–VIII.
Description.
Body (Fig. 1A) smooth, glossy. Coloration: Light reddish-brown overall.
Doryloxenusaenictophilus sp. n. A habitus B head C Elytron D tergite VII E tergite VIII F sternite VIII G median lobe of aedeagus, in lateral view H ditto I spermatheca. Scales (mm): A = 0.5; B, G, H = 0.1; C, F = 0.2; I = 0.05.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/34442
Head shaped as in Fig. 1B, sparsely covered with yellow setae; eyes small. Pronotum (Fig. 1A) wider than long, about 1.44 times as wide as long; disc sparsely covered with yellow setae. Elytra (Fig. 1A, C) short, wider than long, about 3.72 times as wide as long; disc sparsely covered with yellow setae, with a row of setae on lateral margins. Hind wings reduced. Abdomen wedge-shaped; posterior margins of tergite II–VI with a row of very long yellowish setae; abdominal tergite VII (Fig. 1D) truncate at apex, with 2 pairs of macrochaetae at the anterior 1/3; tergite VIII (Fig. 1E) slightly truncate at apex, with 1 pair of lateral macrochaetae; sternite VIII shaped as in Fig. 1F. Macrochaetotaxy of abdominal tergites II–VIII: 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2.
Male. Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Fig. 1G–H.
Female. Spermatheca with apical part strongly swollen, shaped as in Fig. 1I.
Aenictis sp. (Fig. 5A–B). According to the key provided by Jaitrong and Yamane (2011), the host ant should belong to the A.ceylonicus group. This is the first record of a Doryloxenus associated with Aenictus ant together with the next new species.
Biological notes.
Eleven Doryloxenusaenictophilus were sifted together with a large series of D.tangliangi from the colony of Aenictus sp. nesting under a rock. One individual was observed riding on the head of a worker ant.
Etymology.
The specific name is a combination of ‘Aenictus’, generic name of the ant host, and the Greek stem ‘philos’, meaning ‘to be fond of’.
Holotype: China: ♂, labeled ‘CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Huzhou City, Anji County (安吉县), Longwangshan (龙王山), alt. 1330m, 30°24'15.53"N, 119°26'36.81"E, 14-V-2013, X.-B. Song leg., from a colony of Aenictus sp. / HOLOTYPE [red], Doryloxenustangliangi sp. n., Song & Li det. 2014, SNUC’. Paratype: China: 5♂, 3♀, 102sex?, same data as holotype, bearing the following label: ‘PARATYPE [yellow], Doryloxenustangliangi sp. n., Song & Li det. 2014’. (SNUC, KUM).
Comparative notes.
Doryloxenustangliangi is most similar to D.aenictophilus described above by the forebody sparsely covered with yellow setae and the macrochaetotaxy of tergites II–V: 6, 4, 4, 4, 4. It differs from D.aenictophilus by the larger eyes, the relatively long elytra, as well as the different shapes of the aedeagus and spermatheca.
Description.
Body (Fig. 2A) smooth, glossy. Coloration: Light reddish-yellow overall.
Doryloxenustangliangi sp. n. A habitus B head C Elytron D tergite VII E tergite VIII F sternite VIII G median lobe of aedeagus, in lateral view H ditto I spermatheca. Scales (mm): A = 0.5; B, G, H = 0.1; C, F = 0.2; I = 0.05.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/34443
Head shaped as in Fig. 2B, sparsely covered with long yellowish setae; eyes large. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) wider than long, about 1.44 times as wide as long; disc sparsely covered with long yellowish setae. Elytra (Fig. 2A, C) about 2.73 times as wide as long; disc sparsely covered with long yellowish setae, with a row of setae on lateral margins. Abdomen wedge-shaped; posterior margins of tergite II–VI with a row of very long yellowish setae; abdominal tergite VII (Fig. 2D) truncate at apex, with 2 pairs of macrochaetae at the anterior 1/3 and 3 pairs near apex; tergite VIII (Fig. 2E) slightly truncate at apex, with 1 pair of lateral macrochaetae and 2 pairs near apex; sternite VIII shaped as in Fig. 2F. Macrochaetotaxy of abdominal tergites II–VIII: 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 10, 6.
Male. Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Fig. 2G–H.
Female. Spermatheca with apical part strongly swollen, shaped as in Fig. 2I.
Most of the specimens were sifted from a colony of Aenictus ant, at least four individuals were observed riding on the abdomen of worker ants (Fig. 4B).
Etymology.
Dedicated to Dr. Liang Tang, who found the colony of the host ants.
Holotype: China: ♂, labeled ‘CHINA: Yunnan, Tengchong City, Mingguang Town (明光乡), Zizhi Vill. (自治村), Donghe (东河), alt. 2400m, 25°42'57"N, 98°35'42"E, 30-IV-2013, X.-B. Song leg., from a colony of Dorylusorientalis / HOLOTYPE [red], Doryloxenussongzhigaoi sp. n., Song & Li det. 2014, SNUC’. Paratype: China: 3♂, same data as holotype, bearing the following label: ‘PARATYPE [yellow], Doryloxenussongzhigaoi sp. n., Song & Li det. 2014’. (SNUC).
Comparative notes.
Doryloxenussongzhigaoi is most similar to D.nepalensis Naomi in general appearance, but can be easily separated from it by the different macrochaetotaxy of abdominal tergites II–VIII. The new species can be distinguished from the other congener known from the Gaoligong Shan, D.yunnanus, by the slender tergite VIII, rounded apex of sternite VIII, and different shape of the aedeagal median lobe.
Description.
Body (Figs 3A, 4D) smooth, glabrous. Coloration: Light reddish-yellow overall.
Doryloxenussongzhigaoi sp. n. A habitus B head C Elytron D tergite VII E tergite VIII F sternite VIII G median lobe of aedeagus, in lateral view H ditto. Scales (mm): A = 0.5; B, G, H = 0.1; C, F = 0.2.
A Longwangshan Natural Reserve BD.tangliangi riding on the abdomen of an Aenictus ant C Type locality of D.songzhigaoi (Donghe, Zizhi Village) DD.songzhigaoi, habitus.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/34445
Forebody shaped as in Fig. 3A, with sparse punctation. Head shaped as in Fig. 3B. Pronotum (Fig. 3A) about 1.71 times as wide as long. Elytra (Fig. 3A, C) about 2.55 times as wide as long. Abdomen wedge-shaped; posterior margins of tergite II–VI with a row of very long yellowish setae; abdominal tergite VII (Fig. 3D) truncate at apex, with 2 pairs macrochaetae at middle and 3 pairs near apex; tergite VIII (Fig. 3E) slightly truncate at apex, with 1 pair of lateral macrochaetae and 2 pairs near apex; sternite VIII shaped as in Fig. 3F. Macrochaetotaxy of abdominal tergites II–VIII: 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 10, 6.
Male. Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Fig. 3G–H.
We thank Mr. Weeyawat Jaitrong for sending reprints. We are especially grateful to Dr. Munetoshi Maruyama and Mr. Weeyawat Jaitrong for offering many helpful suggestions during this study. We thank Cong-Chao Dai, Jia-Yao Hu, Liang Tang and Zhong Peng (both Shanghai, China) for their support during the field work. Two anonymous reviewers critically read the manuscript and provided helpful advice. The study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31101659 and No. 31172134, 31201734) and Shanghai Normal University (DZL125).
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