Kakuna taibaiensis sp. n. and a newly recorded species of Dicranotropis (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae) from China

Abstract One new species of the delphacid genus Kakuna Matsumura, Kakuna taibaiensis Ren & Qin, sp. n. is described from Mt. Taibai in Shaanxi Province, China. Dicranotropis montana (Horvath, 1897) is reported for the first time from China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the two species are given.


Introduction
The genus Kakuna was established by Matsumura (1935) for the type species K. kuwayamai Matsumura, 1935 from Japan (Hokkaido, Sapporo). Ding (2006) regarded Parametopina Yang as a junior synonym of Kakuna Matsumura and transferred Parametopina yushaniae Yang to Kakuna. Recently, Chen and Yang (2010) redefined the generic characteristics and added three more species, K. lii, K. nonspina and K. zhongtuana to the genus from southwestern China (Guizhou). To date, five Kakuna species are known all distributed in China and Japan. In this paper, we add a new species, K. taibaiensis from Mt. Taibai (China: Shaanxi) and provide a key to all species in this genus.
Another delphacid species, Dicranotropis montana, was described by Horvath (1897), which was originally arranged as a member of the genus Stiroma Fieber. Asche (1982) studied the type material of this species and transferred it into Dicranotropis Fieber. This species is currently distributed in the Palaearctic Region. After checking the specimens collected in 2010 (now deposited in the Entomological Museum in NWAFU), we found this species in Hebei (northern China) and record it for the first time in the Chinese fauna.

Material and methods
All specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China (NWAFU). The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH and drawn from preparations in glycerin jelly with the aid of a light microscope. Illustrations of the specimens were made using a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Habitus photos were taken using a Scientific Digital micrography system equipped with an Auto-montage imaging system and a highly sensitive QIMAGING Retiga 4000R digital camera (CCD). Multiple photographs were compiled into final images. The terminology in this paper follows that of Ding (2006). Measurements of the body length were from the apex of the vertex to the posterior tip of the abdomen (macropterous) or to the tip of abdomen (brachypterous). All measurements are in millimeters (mm).

Taxonomy
Kakuna Matsumura, 1935Kakuna Matsumura 1935Ding 2006: 404;Chen and Yang 2010: 30 Color. General color brown. Ocelli reddish brown, eyes black. Dorsum of body with a milky longitudinal stripe from the junction of Y-shaped carina to the middle of posterior margin of forewing. Forewing yellowish brown, membrane has a large, longitudinal, fuscous marking from base of costal area to apex, veins fuscous, longitudinal veins ornamented with blackish brown granules. Abdomen fuscous. Fore and middle legs brown, hind legs yellowish brown, apices of spines on tibiae and tarsi black.
Female. Unknown. Host plant. Unknown. Etymology. The species epithet is named after the type locality, Mt. Taibai in Shaanxi, China.
Distribution. Known currently from the type locality in northwest China (Shaanxi Province).
Remarks. Kakuna taibaiensis is similar to K. zhongtuana Chen & Yang (2010) in the male anal segment not produced caudoventrally, aedeagus not bearing spinous processes and mediodorsal processes of diaphragm having a common stalk basally. However, the new species differs from the latter in the mediodorsal processes fairly long, reaching to the level of anal segment (mediodorsal processes short, not reaching to the level of anal segment in zhongtuana), aedeagus curved ventrad medially in profile (aedeagus curved dorsad medially in profile in zhongtuana), parameres rounded at apex in posterior view, inner margins ornamented with denticles medially (parameres acute at apex and adorned with a nipple-like process medially along each inner margin in zhongtuana).
Discussion. The Himalaya-Qinling-Huai River line is the most distinctive barrier and may serve as the division of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions since the Pleistocene. However, the north-south transitional affects have been much more pronounced in species and a broad transitional zone has resulted (Zhang 2002). The new finding in this paper based on the specimens from Mt. Taibai (the main peak of Mts. Qinling in Shaanxi, China) confirms the suggestion of Chen and Yang (2010) that the members of the genus Kakuna have extended into the southern area of the Palaearctic Region. During our investigations of Delphacidae on Mt. Taibai, we found many species in this family have extended into the border of the two Regions which were traditionally thought to be confined in the Palaearctic or Oriental Region only, including some new species described in recent years (Qin 2007, Qin et al. 2012. We suspect that the delphacid fauna in this border area will be more extensive if more investigations are conducted. ( Color. General color of male (macropterous) blackish brown. Ocelli reddish black, eyes grayish black. Vertex anteriorly, frons, clypeus, lateral area of pronotum behind eyes black. Antennae yellowish brown except apex of scape and base of pedicle fuscous. Pronotum between lateral carinae and laterobasal angles sordid whitish. All carinae and margins of vertex, frons and clypeus whitish. Rostrum fuscous at apex. Mesonotum mostly dark brown, scutellum whitish apically. Abdomen dark. Legs brown to yellowish brown. Tegmina subhyaline, veins yellowish brown. Female with ovipositor brown. Male (brachypterous) with the same color as macropterous except pronotum, mesonotum and tegmina yellowish brown, abdomen of female mostly yellowish white, abdomen with small brown spots dorsally and ventrally on each segment.