2urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7Eurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727AZooKeysZK1313-29891313-2970Pensoft Publishers10.3897/zookeys.893.3903239032Research ArticleAnimaliaArthropodaCeratopogonidaeCulicomorphaDipteraHexapodaInsectaInvertebrataNematoceraTaxonomyAsiaA new species of Nilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from the mangrove forest of Hainan Island, ChinaLiChunqiao1BellisGlenn2WuXiaoxiang1LIJiahuijiahui.li1984@qq.com1Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, ChinaHainan UniversityHaikouChinaResearch Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, AustraliaCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
Corresponding author: Jiahui Li (Jiahui.li1984@qq.com)
Academic editor: Art Borkent
2019021220198931351411182F245-2324-51E1-BEFC-8295292C6522578D1183-362C-4FE0-AE07-53BF7B39680A35685691308201902102019Chunqiao Li, Glenn Bellis, Xiaoxiang Wu, Jiahui LIThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/578D1183-362C-4FE0-AE07-53BF7B39680A
A new species of Nilobezzia Kieffer, Nilobezziabamenwana Li & Li, sp. nov., collected from Bamenwan mangrove forest of Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated based on female adults. The genus was previously known to have a single species occurring on the island.
Li C, Bellis G, Wu X, Li J (2019) A new species of Nilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from the mangrove forest of Hainan Island, China. ZooKeys 893: 135–141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.39032
Introduction
Nilobezzia Kieffer, 1921 is a genus of predaceous ceratopogonid midges in the tribe Johannsenomyiini of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae. It is striking that adult females prey on males while mating (Downes 1969). There are 74 species worldwide (Borkent 2016), of which ten species are distributed in mainland China and Taiwan (Yu et al. 2005). Only one species, Nilobezziaduodenalis Liu, Yan & Liu, has been reported from Hainan Island, which was collected from Limu Mountain in the central area of the island (Liu et al. 1996; Wang et al. 2011). The aim of this contribution is to describe a new species of Nilobezzia which was discovered as part of an ongoing investigation of the Ceratopogonidae of Hainan Island.
Materials and methods
Specimens were collected with a light trap from Bamenwan mangrove forest near Wenchang, Hainan Province, China. The holotype and two paratypes were processed for DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial 5’ cytochrome coxidase I gene region, and subsequently mounted onto microscope slides following non-destructive tissue digestion as described by Bellis et al. (2013). DNA barcode sequences compliant with quality assurance criteria of the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) database (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) were submitted with associated specimen details as a dataset (http://doi.org/10.5883/DS-NILO). DNA barcode sequences were submitted to GenBank (accession numbers MN135243–MN135245).
Details of colour were taken from specimens kept in ethanol. Measurements of the holotype are provided with the range of variation of the paratypes presented in parentheses. The terminology follows Debenham (1974) and Wirth and Ratanaworabhan (1981). All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China.
TaxonomyAnimaliaDipteraCeratopogonidaeA46C75DB-CE6C-5A76-B034-59AE587991DDNilobezziaKieffer, 1921NilobezziaKieffer, 1921: 24. Type species: Nilobezziaarmata Kieffer, 1921 by monotypy.ParrotiaKieffer, 1923: 140. Type species: Parrotiaflaviventris Kieffer, by original designation. Synonymised by Wirth et al. 1974: 603.CrespiniaKieffer, 1923: 141. Type species: Crespiniabrevipalpis Kieffer by monotypy. Synonymised by Wirth et al. 1974: 603.SphaerobezziaZilahi-Sebess, 1940: 108 (as subgenus of Bezzia). Type species: Bezziaparadoxa Zilahi-Sebess, by monotypy. Synonymised by Wirth et al. 1974: 603.AnimaliaDipteraCeratopogonidaeC511A14E-5AC0-59AA-812D-223629A70852Nilobezziabamenwanahttp://zoobank.org/8E69FC30-F2CC-428E-A9D5-AB6E401833AELi & Lisp. nov.Figures 1–11, 12–16Type material.
Holotype. CHINA • ♀, slide, Hainan Province, Wenchang City, Bamenwan mangrove forest; 19°37'38"N, 110°47'10"E, 18 Jun 2018; Chunqiao Li leg., light trap; cer250-1, GenBank MN135245.
Paratypes. CHINA • 9♀, same data as holotype, six paratypes (cer250-2–cer250-7) mounted on slides, three kept in ethanol (cer250-8–cer250-10). GenBank MN135243 and MN135244.
Diagnosis.
The only species of Nilobezzia with the following combination of characters: body longer than 3.5 mm; femora and tibiae with spines scattered along their length; femora distinctly yellow basally and dark brown distally, tibiae dark brown with subapical pale bands; wing with a single radial cell and spermathecae unequal in size and without necks.
Description.
Female. Body (Fig. 1) 4.25 (3.85–4.28) mm in length. Wing 2.69 (2.69–2.95) mm in length.
Head dark brown. Eyes contiguous, bare (Fig. 10). Antenna dark brown with slightly paler pedicel, basal flagellomeres short and stout, distal 5 flagellomeres each much longer than basal 8 flagellomeres, lengths in ratio of 96:47:47:46:51:50:58:64:129:123:127:111:140; AR 1.37 (1.17–1.37, N = 5) (Fig. 2). Maxillary palpi brown, 5-segmented, third segment long, not distinctly swollen, a few scattered hyaline sensillae preapically, lengths in ratio of 17:33:86:43:42, PR 3.07 (2.99–3.44) (Figs 14, 16). Mandible with seven coarse teeth (Figs 14, 15).
Thorax. Scutum dark brown, some specimens with humeral area slightly paler, with fine microsetae and several bristles near base of wings. Scutellum and postscutellum concolourous with scutum. Coxae dark brown, trochanters light brown; forefemur, midfemur with basal 2/3 yellow and distal 1/3 dark brown, basal 1/3 of hind femur yellow, distal 2/3 dark brown; basal 1/2 of fore tibia and mid tibia dark brown, distal 1/2 yellow, except narrow dark apex; 2/3 of hind tibia dark brown, apical 1/3 slightly paler, dark apex (Figs 1, 5–7). All femora and tibiae with many scattered black spines over their entire length, variable in number; hind tibial comb (Fig. 9) with nine spines. Tarsomeres I–IV yellow except brown apices; tarsomere V entirely dark brown; foretarsomere and hindtarsomere I–II and midtarsomere III each with single apical spine, midtarsomere I–II with two apical spines, midtarsomere I also with a basal spine, foretarsomere and hind tarsomere III and tarsomere IV of all legs without apical spine, tarsomere V (Fig. 4) with 14 ventral batonnets; claws equal, 0.8 times the length of tarsomere V and bearing two strong basal teeth on the outer surface ca. 0.3 times of length of claw (Figs 3, 4). RL-L 1013:948:377:196:142:80:245 and TR 1.92 (1.78–2.08, N = 5) in fore leg, RL-L 1460:1080:533:231:173:91:225 and TR 2.30 (2.15–2.56, N = 5) in mid leg, RL-L 1508:1269:1000:320:236:133:240 and TR 3.10 (2.90–3.10, N = 5) in hind leg. Wing membrane pale grey, CR 0.82 (0.81–0.82, N = 5), a single radial cell (Fig. 8). Haltere white.
Female of Nilobezziabamenwana sp. nov. 1 habitus in dorsal view 2 antenna 3 midtarsus, anterior view 4 foretarsus, ventral view 5 foreleg 6 midleg 7 hind leg 8 wing 9 hind tibial comb 10 head, dorsal view 11 abdominal tergite I, dorsal view.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361387
Abdominal tergites brown, tergite I (Fig. 11) with lateral tufts of 10–12 short setae arranged in oval area, with anteromesal dark, triangular spot; abdominal segment VIII with a pair of subquadrate genital sclerotations near semi-circular gonopore, ventral hair tufts dark and conspicuous, each comprising a row of four or five long black bristles and a row of four short bristles on each side (Figs 12, 13); cerci brown; two dark brown spermathecae, large, oval, unequal, 129×83 (109–129×67–83) μm and 94×66 (90–110×57–66) μm, neck absent, and a third vestigial spermatheca present (Figs 12, 13).
Female of Nilobezziabamenwana sp. nov. 12 terminal four segments of abdomen, ventral view 13 spermathecae and hair tufts, ventral view 14 proboscis and palpi, anterior view 15 mandibular teeth, anterior view 16 maxillary palpus, anterior view.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361388
Male. Unknown.
Etymology.
The name bamenwana refers to the collecting location of the species.
Distribution.
Known only from the Bamenwan mangrove forest of Hainan Prov., China.
Discussion.
Female specimens of Nilobezziabamenwana run to genus Nilobezzia in the key of Wirth et al. (1974) and conforms to the diagnosis of Nilobezzia provided by Debenham (1974) and Wirth and Ratanaworabhan (1981). The only other species of Nilobezzia recorded from mangrove forest is N.virago Debenham which was recorded from many different habitats including a single female specimen collected from mangroves in Australia (Debenham 1974).
Nilobezziabamenwana runs to N.acanthopus (de Meijere) in the key to Southeast Asian species by Wirth and Ratanaworabhan (1981) but in the latter species the forefemur and midfemur are entirely yellowish and the spermathecae are equal in size. India has 18 described species of Nilobezzia (Mazumdar et al. 2009), some of which possess similar leg colour patterns and other characteristics to N.bamenwana, but with wings shorter than 2.5 mm and significantly smaller than N.bamenwana and none appear to be associated with mangroves. Nilobezziabamenwana runs to N.opaca Das Gupta in the key by Mazumdar et al. (2009), but that species can be distinguished by the obvious neck of spermathecae and legs excepting the midfemora, entirely brown. It runs to N.formosana (Kieffer) in the key to Chinese species of Nilobezzia by Yu et al. (2005), but that species is much smaller in size with a wing length of only 2.11 mm. Nilobezziabamenwana is allied to N.japana Tokunaga in general colour, but the latter species is smaller (body length 3.2 mm), has more extensive dark markings on the forefemur and midfemur, and the foretibia lacks spines.
Acknowlegements
Financial supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant No.31660129) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1201600) are acknowledged with thanks.
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