A new species of Nilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from the mangrove forest of Hainan Island, China

Abstract A new species of Nilobezzia Kieffer, Nilobezzia bamenwana Li & Li, sp. nov., collected from Bamenwan mangrove forest of Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated based on female adults. The genus was previously known to have a single species occurring on the island.


Introduction
Nilobezzia Kieffer, 1921 is a genus of predaceous ceratopogonid midges in the tribe Johannsenomyiini of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae. It is striking that adult females prey on males while mating (Downes 1969). There are 74 species worldwide (Borkent 2016), of which ten species are distributed in mainland China and Taiwan (Yu et al. 2005). Only one species, Nilobezzia duodenalis Liu, Yan & Liu, has been reported from Hainan Island, which was collected from Limu Mountain in the central area of the island (Liu et al. 1996;Wang et al. 2011). The aim of this contribution is to describe a new species of Nilobezzia which was discovered as part of an ongoing investigation of the Ceratopogonidae of Hainan Island.

Materials and methods
Specimens were collected with a light trap from Bamenwan mangrove forest near Wenchang, Hainan Province, China. The holotype and two paratypes were processed for DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial 5' cytochrome coxidase I gene region, and subsequently mounted onto microscope slides following non-destructive tissue digestion as described by Bellis et al. (2013). DNA barcode sequences compliant with quality assurance criteria of the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) database (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) were submitted with associated specimen details as a dataset (http:// doi.org/10.5883/DS-NILO). DNA barcode sequences were submitted to GenBank (accession numbers MN135243-MN135245).
Details of colour were taken from specimens kept in ethanol. Measurements of the holotype are provided with the range of variation of the paratypes presented in parentheses. The terminology follows Debenham (1974) and Wirth and Ratanaworabhan (1981). All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China.
Diagnosis. The only species of Nilobezzia with the following combination of characters: body longer than 3.5 mm; femora and tibiae with spines scattered along their length; femora distinctly yellow basally and dark brown distally, tibiae dark brown with subapical pale bands; wing with a single radial cell and spermathecae unequal in size and without necks.
Male. Unknown. Etymology. The name bamenwana refers to the collecting location of the species. Distribution. Known only from the Bamenwan mangrove forest of Hainan Prov., China.
Discussion. Female specimens of Nilobezzia bamenwana run to genus Nilobezzia in the key of Wirth et al. (1974) and conforms to the diagnosis of Nilobezzia provided by Debenham (1974) and Wirth and Ratanaworabhan (1981). The only other species of Nilobezzia recorded from mangrove forest is N. virago Debenham which was recorded from many different habitats including a single female specimen collected from mangroves in Australia (Debenham 1974).
Nilobezzia bamenwana runs to N. acanthopus (de Meijere) in the key to Southeast Asian species by Wirth and Ratanaworabhan (1981) but in the latter species the forefemur and midfemur are entirely yellowish and the spermathecae are equal in size. India has 18 described species of Nilobezzia (Mazumdar et al. 2009), some of which possess similar leg colour patterns and other characteristics to N. bamenwana, but with wings shorter than 2.5 mm and significantly smaller than N. bamenwana and none appear to be associated with mangroves. Nilobezzia bamenwana runs to N. opaca Das Gupta in the key by Mazumdar et al. (2009), but that species can be distinguished by the obvious neck of spermathecae and legs excepting the midfemora, entirely brown. It runs to N. formosana (Kieffer) in the key to Chinese species of Nilobezzia by Yu et al. (2005), but that species is much smaller in size with a wing length of only 2.11 mm. Nilobezzia bamenwana is allied to N. japana Tokunaga in general colour, but the latter species is smaller (body length 3.2 mm), has more extensive dark markings on the forefemur and midfemur, and the foretibia lacks spines.