Corresponding author: Tomáš Lackner (
Academic editor: Michael Caterino
The monophyletic genus
Lackner T (2014) Revision of the genus
The genus
All dry-mounted specimens were relaxed in warm water for several hours or overnight, depending on the body size. After removal from original cards, the beetles were side-mounted on triangular points and observed under a Nikon 102 stereoscopic microscope with diffused light. Body structures were studied using methods described by
Although
By the presence of prosternal foveae
This genus includes three described species:
Russia, Caucasus.
Although this species has been recently re-described by the author (
Body length: PEL: 2.25–3.00 mm; APW: 0.75–1.00 mm; PPW: 1.75–2.00 mm; EL: 1.50–1.90 mm; EW: 1.87–2.50 mm.
Body (
Antennal scape (
Mouthparts: mandibles (
Clypeus (
Pronotal sides moderately (
Elytral epipleuron with scattered fine punctures, area between marginal epipleural stria and elytral margin smooth; marginal epipleural stria fine, complete; marginal elytral stria straight, well impressed and slightly carinate, continued as weakened complete apical elytral stria; along marginal elytral stria a row of round dense punctures present. Humeral elytral stria weakly impressed on basal third; inner subhumeral stria present as short median fragment; all four dorsal elytral striae 1–4 weakly impressed, short, not reaching elytral half apically, in shallow punctures; fourth dorsal elytral stria basally vaguely connected with sutural elytral stria; sutural elytral stria well-impressed and complete, in deep punctures, apically connected with apical elytral stria; entire elytral disc with punctuation, punctures dense and coarse; along elytral margin, on elytral humeri and on interval between fourth dorsal and sutural elytral striae punctation weakens, extreme apex of elytra impunctate.
Propygidium and pygidium densely and coarsely punctate, punctures separated by about half their own diameter.
Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum (
Anterior margin of mesoventrite (for fig. see
Intercoxal disc of the first abdominal sternite laterally with incomplete stria; except for median part with coarse round punctures, becoming finer along posterior margin.
Protibia (for fig. see
Mesotibia slender, outer margin with two rows of short denticles; setae of outer row regular, dense, shorter than denticles; setae of intermedian row shorter and finer than those of outer row, regular; posterior mesotibial stria almost complete; anterior surface of mesotibia (for fig. see
Male genitalia: Eighth sternite (
Russia: Totskiy Rayon, near Samara.
Body length: PEL= 2.75–3.35 mm, APW= 1.00–1.25 mm, PPW= 2.00–2.35 mm, EW= 2.25–2.60 mm, EL= 1.90–2.20 mm. Body (
Antennal scape (
Mouthparts: mandibles (
Clypeus (
Pronotal sides (
Elytral epipleura glabrous; marginal epipleural stria fine, complete; marginal elytral stria straight, well impressed and slightly carinate, continued as weakened complete apical elytral stria. Humeral elytral stria weakly impressed on basal fourth, doubled, surface between it and second dorsal elytral stria in longitudinal irregular strioles; inner subhumeral stria present as short median fragment; elytra with thin striae 1-4; striae with weak punctures within, except for first stria which is shorter than the others reaching approximately elytral half apically; fourth dorsal elytral stria basally connected with sutural elytral stria by broad arch; sutural elytral stria well-impressed and complete, fine punctures within, apically connected with apical elytral stria, between it and elytral suture a row of fine punctures present; elytral humeri and flanks almost impunctate, elytral disc along sutural elytral stria on apical two-fifths with dense, almost confluent punctation, forming longitudinal rugae; weakened punctuation slightly enters elytral intervals, apically punctuation weakens, leaving an impunctate band before extreme elytral apex; rest of elytral disk with large impunctate ‘mirror’, most prominent on 2-4 elytral intervals; this mirror occasionally bears fine scattered punctures, in most cases limited to second elytral interval.
Propygidium and pygidium densely and coarsely punctate, punctures separated by about half to their own diameter; interspaces with microsculpture.
Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum (
Anterior margin of mesoventrite broadly, but shallowly inwardly arcuate; discal marginal mesoventral stria well impressed, carinate; disc of mesoventrite with dense deep large punctures intermingled with much smaller microscopic punctuation; meso-metaventral sutural stria marked as straight row of punctures; intercoxal disc of metaventrite slightly convex with scattered microscopic punctures, becoming coarser and denser along basal margin; lateral metaventral stria well impressed, carinate, almost straight, shortened; lateral disc of metaventrite concave, with regular shallow large setigerous punctures; metepisternum with denser and coarser punctation, punctures almost confluent; fused metepimeron with somewhat sparser punctures; metepisternum + fused metepimeron with metepisternal stria.
Intercoxal disc of first abdominal ventrite incompletely striate laterally; on basal third with irregular scattered fine punctures separated by several times their own diameter; rest of first visible abdominal ventrite with scattered microscopic punctuation.
Protibia slightly dilated, outer margin apically with single low tooth topped by tiny denticle, in proximal direction three low triangular teeth topped by short rounded denticle appear, all three approximately of the same size, followed by another low tooth (occasionally bearing two tiny denticles), followed by a single tiny denticle growing out directly from outer margin of protibia; setae of outer row regular, rather short; protarsal groove rather deep; anterior protibial stria very shortened (absent?); setae of intermedian row situated on ridge delimiting proximal margin of protarsal groove; single tarsal denticle present near tarsal insertion; protibial spur short, bent, growing out from apical margin of protibia; apical margin of protibia posteriorly with three tiny denticles almost abutting each other; outer part of posterior surface obscurely variolate, punctate, separated from imbricate median part of posterior surface by vague boundary and row of short sclerotized setae; posterior protibial stria complete, bearing a row of fine sparse setae along its length, terminating in two tiny inner denticles; inner row of setae double, setae dense and short.
Mesotibia slender, outer margin with a single row of short denticles situated on low teeth; setae of outer row regular, sparse, about as long as denticles themselves; setae of intermedian row shorter and finer than those of outer row, regular; posterior mesotibial stria almost complete; anterior surface of mesotibia imbricate, with another row of approximately seven shorter denticles than those of outer row; anterior mesotibial stria complete, terminating in single tiny inner anterior denticle; mesotibial spur short; apical margin of mesotibia anteriorly with three short denticles; claws of apical tarsomere slightly bent, shorter than half its length; metatibia slenderer and longer than mesotibia, outer margin with approximately five short denticles situated on even lower teeth than those of mesotibia; apical-most tooth bearing two denticles; setae of outer row distinctly longer than denticles themselves; anterior face of metatibia punctate, with a row of approximately five tiny denticles; claws of apical-most metatarsomere longer than half of its length; metatibia otherwise similar to mesotibia.
Male genitalia: Eighth sternite (
This species is very similar to
Cyprus, Kyrenia.
Body length: PEL: 3.00–3.05 mm; APW: 1.00–1.05 mm; PPW: 2.15–2.25 mm; EL: 1.85–2.10 mm; EW: 2.35–2.50 mm. Body (
Antennal scape (
Mouthparts: mandibles with rounded outer margin, densely punctate, mandibular apex pointed; sub-apical tooth of left mandible not examined; labrum convex, densely punctate; labral pits deep, each with two well-sclerotized long setae; terminal labial palpomere elongated, about twice as long as pen-ultimate, its width about one-third its length; mentum sub-trapezoid, anterior margin medially with deep notch surrounded with sparse rather long setae, lateral margins with single row of sparse shorter ramose setae; cardo of maxilla with few short setae; stipes triangular, with three short setae; terminal maxillary palpomere elongated, pointed apically, about three times as long as pen-ultimate; its width about one-third its length.
Clypeus (
Pronotal sides (
Elytral epipleuron with scattered fine punctures; marginal epipleural stria fine, complete; marginal elytral stria straight, well impressed and slightly carinate, continued as weakened complete apical elytral stria. Humeral elytral stria weakly impressed on basal fourth, doubled, surface mesad from it with irregular longitudinal strioles; inner subhumeral stria present as short median fragment; elytra with thin, impunctate striae 1, 3-4 (stria 2 absent); striae stopping short of elytral half apically; fourth dorsal elytral stria basally connected with sutural elytral stria by broad arch; sutural elytral stria well-impressed and complete, fine punctures within, apically connected with apical elytral stria; elytral humeri and flanks almost impunctate, elytral disc along sutural elytral stria on apical 2/5 with fine regular punctuation, punctures aciculate, separated by about twice their own diameter, interspaces with very dense microsculpture, punctuation enters elytral intervals, reaching its climax along first dorsal elytral stria where it reaches elytral base, toward elytral apex microsculpture as well as punctuation weakens; extreme elytral apex impunctate.
Propygidium and pygidium densely and coarsely punctate, punctures separated by about half to their own diameter; interspaces with microsculpture.
Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum (
Anterior margin of mesoventrite (
Intercoxal disc of the first abdominal ventrite incompletely striate laterally; on basal third with irregular larger punctures separated by about their own to twice their diameter; rest of first visible abdominal ventrite with scattered microscopic punctuation.
Protibia slightly dilated, outer margin with four moderately large triangular teeth topped by short rounded denticle, diminishing in size in proximal direction, followed by three tiny denticles growing out directly from outer margin of protibia; setae of outer row regular, rather short; protarsal groove deep; anterior protibial stria shortened on basal half; setae of intermedian row not examined; two tarsal denticles present near tarsal insertion; protibial spur short, bent, growing out from apical margin of protibia; apical margin of protibia posteriorly with four tiny denticles almost abutting each other; outer part of posterior surface obscurely variolate, punctate, separated from glabrous median part of posterior surface by vague boundary and row of short sclerotized setae; posterior protibial stria complete, terminating in several tiny inner denticles; inner row of setae double, setae dense and short.
Mesotibia slender, outer margin with a single row of short denticles situated on low teeth; setae of outer row regular, sparse, longer than denticles; setae of intermedian row shorter and finer than those of outer row, regular; posterior mesotibial stria not examined; anterior surface of mesotibia glabrous, with another much sparser row of shorter denticles than those of outer row; anterior mesotibial stria complete, terminating in single tiny inner anterior denticle; mesotibial spur short; apical margin of mesotibia anteriorly with three short denticles; claws of apical tarsomere slightly bent, shorter than half its length; metatibia slenderer and longer than mesotibia, in all aspects similar to it, but denticles on outer margin much sparser, situated on even lower teeth than those of mesotibia; apical-most tooth bearing two denticles.
Male unavailable.
1(2) | Almost entirely dark-brown to black species, dorsal cuticle often with slight greenish metallic hue ( |
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2(1) | Usually bi-colored species: pronotum dark, almost black; elytra at least partly reddish-brown; dorsal cuticle without greenish hue, with slight to prominent bronze metallic tinge ( |
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3(4) | Second dorsal elytral stria absent; elytral ‘mirror’ impunctate, with bronze lustre; punctate part of the elytra with dense aciculate punctures and microsculpture; pronotum matt, medially almost impunctate ( |
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4(3) | Second dorsal elytral stria present; elytral ‘mirror’ with sparse scattered punctures, with slight bronze lustre; punctures on punctate part of elytra less dense, not aciculate, microsculpture absent; pronotum wholly punctate ( |
Although
On the other hand, a very similarly structured prosternal process, including the prosternal foveae is found among some members of the Nearctic and Neotropical subgenus
All curators of the aforementioned institutes as well as proprietors of private collections that loaned me material or provided the data are being thanked. Special thanks to P. Schüle (Herrenberg, Germany) for his help with the translation from the German language and Alexander Moyseyko (Saint Petersburg, Russia), for his help with the deciphering and translation of the Russian labels of the specimens housed at ZIN, as well as all who gave me specimens. Thanks are also due to an anonymous reviewer and editor of the Histeroidea section for ZooKeys for their critical reading of the manuscript. This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project