A cladistically based reinterpretation of the taxonomy of two Afrotropical tenebrionid genera Ectateus Koch, 1956 and Selinus Mulsant & Rey, 1853 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Platynotina)

Abstract On the basis of a newly performed cladistic analysis a new classification of the representatives of two Afrotropical tenebrionid genera, Ectateus Koch, 1956 and Selinus Mulsant & Rey, 1853 sensu Iwan 2002a, is provided. Eleoselinus is described as a new genus. The genus Monodius, previously synonymized with Selinus by Iwan (2002), is redescribed and considered as a separate genus. Following new combinations are proposed: Ectateus calcaripes (Gebien, 1904), Monodius laevistriatus (Fairmaire, 1897), Monodius lamottei (Gridelli, 1954), Monodius plicicollis (Fairmaire, 1897), Eleoselinus villiersi (Ardoin, 1965) and Eleoselinus ursynowiensis (Kamiński, 2011). Neotype for Ectateus calcaripes and lectotypes for E. crenatus (Fairmaire, 1897), E. ghesquierei Koch, 1956 and Monodius malaisei malaisei Koch, 1956 are designated to fix the taxonomic status of these taxa. The following synonymies are proposed: Selinus monardi Kaszab, 1951 and Ectateus latipennis Koch, 1956 with E. crenatus (Fairmaire, 1897). Identification keys are provided to all known species of Ectateus sensu novum, Eleoselinus, Monodius and Selinus sensu novum.

According to the results of a cladystic analysis performed by Iwan (2002a), Ectateus Koch, 1956 andSelinus Mulsant &Rey, 1853 are the members of the platynotoid evolutionary lineage within the subtribe Platynotina Mulsant & Rey, 1853. The representatives of both genera are distributed in the western parts of Central Africa (Iwan 2004a).
The current taxonomic concept of the genus Ectateus was proposed by Iwan (2002a) and modified by Kamiński and Raś (2011) to: circular depressions on the lateral sides of clypeus and genae, pronotum with anterior angles distinctly protruding anteriorly, elytral humeri not protruding outwards, apical part of epipleuron and fifth ventrite unbordered. The taxonomic concept of Selinus was also established by Iwan (2002a) and is as follows: upper edge of elytral base fused with humerus, anterior pronotal angles distincly protruding anteriad, short metasternum and bursa copulatrix with two sacs. Unfortunately both of the above mentioned taxonomic concepts were based only on a few representatives of their genera. The preliminary study of the entomological material has shown that some of the representatives of Ectateus shares many morphological characters and distributional pattern with certain species of the Selinus and vice versa.
According to the results of a cladistic analysis performed by Iwan (2002a) Ectateus and Selinus are members of two sister clades. In the key to the genera of World Platynotina they are distinguished by the structure of 5 th abdominal ventrite (Selinus -with bordering or border interrupted; Ectateus -without bordering) (Iwan 2002a). Unfortunately, this feature is no longer relevant which may easily lead to misidentification (five of seven species of Selinus do not match this character). Additionally, Ectateus and Selinus shares some unique (within whole subtribe) morphological features (e.g. slender antennomeres, specific clavae structure) and similar distributional pattern (Iwan 2002a, Kamiński and Raś 2011. All this suggests that both of the mentioned genera can be more closely related than it was implied by Iwan (2002a).
The aim of this paper was to test the monophyly of Ectateus and Selinus and propose a stable classification for the representatives of these genera.

Material and methods
Morphological studies. The descriptive sequence used in this study is in accordance with Kamiński (2013b). Morphological terms follow Matthews et al. (2010); with additional specialized terms used for the male (Iwan 2001b(Iwan , 2004b and female genitalia (Banaszkiewicz 2006).
Measurements, taken using a filar micrometer, were as follows: width of anterior elytral margin (from humeral angle to scutellum); body length (from anterior margin of labrum to elytral apex); body width (maximum elytral width).
Two main species groups were recovered within the Ectateus clade -modestus group and villiersi group. The branch support reported for these groups was relatively high (Fig. 25). The phylogenetic relationships within the modestus group were supported unequally. Relatively low Jackknife values were reported within the clade composed of E. modestus, S. calcaripes, E. ghesquierei and E. crenatus.
Despite the fact that the species aggregated in the modestus group ( Fig. 25) are homogeneous in their morphology the cladistic analysis revealed some species groups. According to the results E. curtulus is a sister taxon to all other modestus group species. This relationship is supported highly supported (Jackknife support = 91; char. 3:1, 6:1, 9:1). Unfortunately, E. curtulus is known only form a single specimen (holotype, female), therefore the above mentioned phylogenetic hypothesis should be reconsidered once the male specimen will be found.
The four remaining species occurred in two separate clades (Fig. 25). The first clade which consists of E. ghesquierei and E. crenatus is defined by the following synapomorphies: convex elytral intervals (char. 22:1) and a small body size (char. 40:1). The other clade composed of E. modestus and E. calcaripes comb. n. is only supported by a single homoplasy -antennomeres from 7 to 11 elongated (char. 2:1). However, these two species are very similar in general morphology -the females are almost impossible to separate or distinguish (Figs 45,49).
S. gravis occurred as a sister taxon to all other convexipennis group species, however this relationship is not highly supported (Fig. 25). The remaining species of the above mentioned group were divided into two separate clades (Fig. 25). The first one which consists of S. malisei, S. medius and S. plicicollis is defined by the following synapomorphies: margins of elytra in basal part subparallel (elytral humeri slightly protruding outwards) (char. 24:1), denticle at the apex of the inner face of male mesotibia large (char. 31:1), apex of parameres fused and emarginated at apex (char. 37:2). This clade is also supported by a single homoplasy -elytral surface shiny (char. 20:0). The second clade (S. convexipennis, S. laevistriatus and S. lamottei) is defined by two homoplasies: indentation between frons and clypeus on the lateral edge deep (char. 5:1) and posterior pronotal angles strongly protruding towards elytra (char. 15:1).
Because of significant morphological differences between convexipennis group and planus group, especially the ones concerning the male (char. 32, 37) and female genitalia (char. 38, 39), I propose to consider them as two separate genera.
On the basis of the aforementioned results I propose to classify the analyzed ingroup species in four genera: Ectateus (based on modestus group), Monodius stat. r. (based on convexipennis group), Eleoselinus gen. n. (based on villiersi group) and Selinus (based on planus group).

Genus Ectateus
Distribution. Ectateus specimens have been collected in the following ecoregions of Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabonese Republic, Republic of Rwanda, Republic of the Congo, South Sudan): Albertine Rift montane forests, Angolan Miombo woodlands, Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests, East Sudanian savanna, Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests, Northeastern Congolian lowland forests, Northwestern Congolian lowland forests, Northern Congolian forestsavanna mosaic, Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic, Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Fig. 41).
Species included (5). Ectateus calcaripes (Gebien, 1904), comb. n., E. crenatus (Fairmaire, 1897), E. curtulus (Fairmaire, 1893), E. ghesquierei Koch, 1956 andE. modestus (Fairmaire, 1887). Pronotal disc with a longitudinal groove in the middle (Fig. 5). Male protibiae as in Fig. 33 Selinus calcaripes Gebien, 1904: 3.-Gebien 1910: 277, 1938Koch 1956: 238;Kulzer 1963: 425, Iwan 2002b Notes. The types of Selinus calcaripes seems to be lost. According to the information provided by Iwan (2002b) they should be deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum collection (Basel, Switzerland). Unfortunately, the curators do not confirm this statement. Additionally, during the preparation of my recent scientific project -Phylogeny, biogeography and generic classification of the Ectateus generic group (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Platynotina) -I have studied diverse entomological material concerning the subtribe Platynotina from several collections across the World and I did not menaged to locate these specimens. Based only on the original species descriptions Koch (1956) proposed to consider Selinus calcaripes as a synonym of Ectateus curtulus (Fairmaire, 1893). Unfortunately, the morphology of the holotype of Ectateus curtulus (damaged female - Fig. 47) do not correspond to Gebien's (1904) description of Selinus calcaripes and Koch's (1956) interpretation of Ectateus curtulus. Both publications refer rather to a morphological form that is very closely to Ectateus modestus and differers from it mainly by the structure of male protibiae . A consistent to the above mentioned descriptions morph was found in the studied material. It was included in the cladistic analysis as Selinus calcaripes.

Key to the species of Ectateus
The results of a cladistic analysis confirmed the aforementioned assumption that Ectateus curtulus and Selinus calcaripes represent two distinct morphological forms (Fig. 25). They can be easily distinguished by the structure of head (char. 3, 5), pronotum (char. 9) and elytra (elytral intervals with conspicuous punctures in E. curtulus). Additionally, the results shows that Selinus calcaripes is very closely related to Ectateus modestus -which is consistent with Gebien's (1904) description and Koch's (1956) interpretation.
Taking into consideration the difficulties associated with Selinus calcaripes I propose to designate a neotype to clarify the taxonomic status of this species. Additionally, on the basis of the results of a cladistic analysis I propose to treat this taxon as a independent species -not as a synonym of Ectateus curtulus. Redescription. Habitus as in Fig. 45. Body length = 11.5-14.0 mm. Elytra wider and longer than pronotum (width ratio elytra / pronotum = 1.1-1.2; length ratio elytra / the middle of pronotum = 2.4-2.6).
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.4-0.5); dull, with coarse punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and protruding outwards. Lateral margins of pronotal disc sinusoidal. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions rounded. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures.
Intercoxal process protruding towards mesoventrite; peaked at the apex. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.2). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Male legs. Protarsi slightly narrow. Protibiae as in Fig. 31. Mesotibiae and mesofemorae with large denticle. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs simple.
Male genitalia. Parameres narrowest in the half of their length; length equal to the 0.2 of the rest of aedeagal tegmen (Fig. 20). Clavae hook-shaped (Fig. 20). Female genitalia. Paraproct equal to coxites. Bursa copulatrix with a sclerite in the distal part. Spermatheca with narrow ducts.
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan): Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests, East Sudanian savanna, Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests, Northeastern Congolian lowland forests, Northwestern Congolian lowland forests (Fig. 41 Kaszab, 1951: 2 (syn. nov.) Ectateus latipennis Koch, 1956: 234 (syn. nov.). -Iwan 2002a-Iwan : 67, 2002b Notes. While describing Ectateus latipennis, Koch has noted that types of Ectateus crenatus were unknown to him. The characters used by Koch to separate those two species (body size, pronotum structure) were based only on the Fairmaire (1897) description. During the examination of available material I have not found any consistent morphological characters to separate those two species. Therefore, I propose to consider E. latipennis as a synonim of E. crenatus.
The examination of the type material representing Selinus monardi resulted in similar conclusions -there are no consistent morphological characters to separate it from E. crenatus.
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6); shiny, with coarse punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and protruding outwards. Lateral margins of pronotal disc sinusoidal. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions rounded. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures.
Intercoxal process protruding towards mesoventrite, peaked at the apex, slightly saddle-like. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of   Redescription. Habitus as in Fig. 47. Body length ca. 12.5 mm. Elytra wider and longer than pronotum (width ratio elytra / pronotum ca. 1.2; length ratio elytra / the middle of pronotum ca. 2.6).
Dorsal side of head dull, with punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Frontoclypeal suture coarse. Clypeal emargination relatively deep (clypeal emargination width / depth ratio ca. 8.1). Mentum with median part wide. Submentum with short base. 3 rd antennomere relatively long (length ratio of antennomere 3 rd / 2 nd ca. 3.0).
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio ca. 0.5); dull, with coarse punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and protruding outwards. Lateral margins of pronotal disc rounded. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions rounded. Pronotal hypomera dull, without punctures.
Intercoxal process protruding towards mesoventrite, peaked at the apex, slightly saddle-like. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite be-tween the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite ca. 2.1). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Distribution. The only known specimen was collected in the Oubanghi (Central Africa). Because of the general character of the geographical reference it can not be translated into ecoregions. Koch, 1956 http://species-id.net/wiki/Ectateus_ghesquierei Figs 5, 33, 41, 48
Intercoxal process protruding towards mesoventrite, peaked at the apex, slightly saddle-shaped. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.0-2.2). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Male genitalia. Parameres narrowest in the half of their length; length equal to the 0.2 of the rest of aedeagal tegmen. Clavae hook-shaped. Female genitalia. Paraproct equal to coxites. Bursa copulatrix without sclerites. Spermatheca with narrow ducts.
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of Central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo): Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic, Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Fig. 41).
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.4-0.5); dull, with coarse punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and protruding outwards. Lateral margins of pronotum sinusoidal. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions rounded. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures.
Intercoxal process not protruding towards mesoventrite, rounded at the apex. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite ca. 2.0. 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Male legs. Protarsi slightly narrow. Protibiae as in Fig. 32. Mesotibiae and mesofemorae with large denticle. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs simple.
Male genitalia. Parameres narrowest in the half of their length; length equal to 0.2 of the rest of aedeagal tegmen. Clavae hook-shaped. Female genitalia. Paraproct equal to coxites. Bursa copulatrix with a sclerite in distal part. Spermatheca with narrow ducts.
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of Central Africa (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Rwanda, Republic of the Congo): Albertine Rift montane forests, Angolan Miombo woodlands, Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests, Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Fig. 41).
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6); dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 3 diameters of the puncture). Lateral margins of pronotum narrowing towards apex. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present. Pronotal hypomera dull, without punctures. Elytra oblong (elytra length / width ratio = 1.1-1.3). Elytral striae with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture). Elytral intervals dull, non-convex, without punctures of with very fine punctuation. Elytral base slightly sinusoidal. Elytral humeri rounded, not protruding laterad. Wings absent. Scutellum triangular.
Intercoxal process of prosternum bellied. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2), with longitudinal depression. In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles, relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.2). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Etymology. The name is derived from the combination of Eleo (prefix indicating the genus Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 -a poster beetle genus of the Third International Tenebrionoidea Symposium in Tempe, Arizona) and Selinus. This genus is named to thank the Steering Committee of the Third International Tenebrionoidea Symposium: Aaron Smith (lead organizer), Rolf Aalbu, Patrice Bouchard, Kojun Kanda, Nico Franz, Warren Steiner and Quentin Wheeler.
Distribution. Eleoselinus gen. n. specimens have been collected in the following ecoregion of Central Africa (Republic of the Congo): Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic (Fig. 42).
Key to the species of Eleoselinus gen. n.
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6), dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 3 diameters of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles rounded and slightly protruding towards apex. Lateral margins of pronotal disc narrowing towards apex. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present. Pronotal hypomera dull, without punctures.
Intercoxal process of prosternum bellied. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2); with longitudinal depression. In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.2). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregion Central Africa (Republic of the Congo). (Kamiński, 2011), comb. n. http://species-id.net/wiki/Eleoselinus_ursynowiensis Fig. 59 Ectateus ursynowiensis Kamiński, 2011: 648 (in Kamiński andRaś 2011). Morphological data. Because the original description (Kamiński and Raś 2011) of this species is relatively recent and consistent with the description style adopted in this study the morphology of this species was not redescribed.

Eleoselinus ursynowiensis
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregion Central Africa (Republic of the Congo).
Distribution. Monodius specimens have been collected in the following ecoregions of West and Central Africa (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Republic of Benin, Republic of Ghana, Republic of Liberia, Republic of Niger, Sierra Leone, Togolese Republic): Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests, Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests, Central African mangroves, Eastern Guinean forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests, Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic, Northwestern Congolian lowland forests, West Sudanian savanna, Western Guinean lowland forests (Figs 42-43).
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6), dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and strongly protruding towards front. Lateral margins of pronotal disc subparallel at their basal half. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions trapezoidal. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures.
Intercoxal process slightly protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles, relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Male legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Protibiae as in Fig. 37. Mesofemorae with a small denticle at the apex. Metatibiae and Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6), dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 3 diameters of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and strongly protruding toward the front. Lateral margins of pronotal disc rounded. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions trapezoidal. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures.
Intercoxal process slightly protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Male legs. Protarsi widened. Protibiae as in Fig. 30. Mesofemorae with a small denticle at the apex. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6); dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture); with two circular depressions in the middle. Anterior pronotal angles sharp and strongly protruding towards front. Lateral margins of pronotal disc rounded. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions trapezoidal. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures.
Intercoxal process not protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles, relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture). Male legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Protibiae as in M. convexipennis. Mesofemorae with a large denticle at the apex, mesotibia with a small denticle at the apex. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6), dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and strongly protruding towards front. Lateral margins of pronotal disc rounded. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions trapezoidal. Pronotal hypomera dull; without punctures. Elytra oblong (elytra length / width ratio = 1.1-1.2). Elytral striae with fine punctures, impressed on the whole length. Elytral intervals shiny, non-convex, with coarse punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Elytral base slightly sinusoidal. Elytral humeri rounded, not protruding laterad. Wings absent. Scutellum rounded.
Intercoxal process protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles, relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture).
Male legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Protibiae as in M. convexipennis. Mesotibiae with a small denticle at the apex. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.

Redescription. Habitus as in
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6), dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are smaller than the diameter of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and strongly protruding towards front. Lateral margins of pronotal disc rounded. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions trapezoidal. Pronotal hypomera dull, without punctures.
Intercoxal process protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles, relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture). Male legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Protibiae as in Fig. 38. Mesotibiae with a large denticle at the apex. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Pronotal disc transverse (middle of pronotum length / width ratio = 0.5-0.6); dull, with fine punctures (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 2 diameters of the puncture). Anterior pronotal angles sharp and strongly protruding towards front. Lateral margins of pronotal disc rounded. Apophyseal and basal depressions on pronotal disc present; apophyseal depressions trapezoidal. Pronotal hypomera dull, without punctures.
Intercoxal process not protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles, relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 3 diameters of the puncture). Male legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Protibiae as in M. convexipennis. Mesotibiae with a large denticle at the apex. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Intercoxal process not protruding towards mesoventrite. Metaventrite reduced (length ratio cavity of hind coxa / metaventrite between the insertions of mid and hind coxae ca. 2). In both sexes abdominal process without tubercles; relatively narrow (process of 1 st abdominal ventrite / process of metaventrite = 2.1-2.3). 5 th abdominal ventrite without bordering; punctures fine (the intervals between the punctures are greater than the 3 diameters of the puncture).
Male legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Protibiae straight. Mesotibiae and mesofemorae with a large denticle at the apex. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of West Africa (Togolese Republic, Republic of Benin, Federal Republic of Nigeria): Eastern Guinean forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, West Sudanian savanna (Fig. 43).
Male legs. Protarsi slightly slightly widened. Male protibiae with very shallow dilatation near the mddle. Metafemorae with an hair fringe. Female legs. Protarsi slightly widened. Other leg parts simple.
Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of West Africa (Ivory Coast, Republic of Ghana, Republic of Guinea, Republic of Mali): Eastern Guinean forests, Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, West Sudanian savanna, Western Guinean lowland forests (Fig. 44).