Internal structures of the hind leg of Altica cirsicola. A the flea beetle Altica sp. on foliage B–F X-ray computer tomography 3D reconstructions of the hind leg of A. cirsicola B lateral view of the left hind leg C lateral view of the metafemoral spring D distal view of the metafemoral spring E distal view of the metafemoral spring and tibial extensors F features of the femorotibial joint. Abbreviations: cox: coxa; exa: extended arm of the metafemoral spring; epl: elastic plate; fem: femur; msp: metafemoral spring; ner: nerve; piv: tibial pivot of the femorotibial joint; rfl: recurve flange of the metafemoral spring; tar: tarsi; tex-1: primary tibial extensor; tex-2: secondary tibial extensor; tfl: tibial flexor; tib: tibia; tli-1: primary tibial ligament; tli-2: secondary tibial ligament; tpl: Lever’s triangular plate; tra: trachea; tro: trochanter.

 
 
  Part of: Ruan Y, Konstantinov AS, Shi G, Tao Y, Li Y, Johnson AJ, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu J, Li W, Ge S, Yang X (2020) The jumping mechanism of flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini), its application to bionics and preliminary design for a robotic jumping leg. ZooKeys 915: 87-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.38348