Taxonomy of Cyrtomorphus Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Erotylidae, Tritomini) from China

Abstract In this paper, a key to separate the Chinese species of genus Cyrtomorphus Lacordaire is provided for the first time. A new species, Cyrtomorphus rufobrunneussp. nov., is described and illustrated, and one species, Cyrtomorphus connexus Gorham, 1896 is newly recorded to China.


Introduction
The genus Cyrtomorphus was established by Lacordaire (1842) for Cyrtomorphus pantherinus Lacordaire, 1842, which is mainly distributed in the Oriental region. This genus can be distinguished from other genera in the tribe Tritomini Curtis, 1834 by the following characters: body oval or broadly ovate, distinctly convex on the dorsum, antennomere XI small, compound eye small and finely facetted, lateral walls of oral cavity forming flattened plates; males of some species with a row protuberance on inner surface of middle tibia.
Before the present study, all taxonomic research on Cyrtomorphus in China was at least 50 years ago. But recently, specimens of Cyrtomorphus were collected and deposited in Museum of Hebei University (MHU). One new species was found among 52 specimens, Cyrtomorphus rufobrunneus sp. nov., from Guizhou Province, and is described and illustrated. A second species, Cyrtomorphus connexus Gorham, 1896, is recorded from China for the first time. Additionally, a key to the seven species from China is included.

Materials and methods
The abdominal segments and the genitalia were detached from the body after softening in hot water. Male or female genitalia were put in 5% NaOH boiling solution for 5 minutes and then cleaned with distilled water. Morphological characters were observed using a Nikon SMZ800N stereomicroscope. Photographs were taken with Cannon Eos 5D Mark III camera and Canon EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM lens and modified with Adobe Photoshop CC 2016. The species distribution was inferred from examined materials and published records. The specimens studied were deposited in MHU. Diagnosis. Body oval convex, widest at base of elytra. General color red-brown, legs and antennae black, antennomere I and II paler, pronotum except the outer margin brownish black, each elytron with a brownish-black band. Clypeus with the anterior border emarginated, clypeofrontal sulcus completed. Antennomere III about 1.5 times as long as IV; relative lengths of antennomeres II-XI: 40: 100: 62: 55: 55: 52: 50: 125: 105: 70. Terminal segment of maxillary palpus asymmetrical triangular, nearly half as long as wide. Pronotum with anterior border directly opposite head, slightly projecting forwards in the middle. Pro-, meso-, and metacoxal lines present.

Key to the species of Cyrtomorphus from China
Description. Length: 7.0-9.5 mm, width: 4.5-6.0 mm. Body oval, almost hemispherical, convex, shiny and smooth, widest at base of elytra, general color red-brown, legs and antennae black (antennomeres I-II paler). Pronotum except the outer margin brownish black. Markings on pronotum can differ depending on age; some with a broad, lateral, brownish-black band that almost reaches front and basal margin. Scutellum red-brown, both sides darker. One brownish black band on each elytron, with the color becoming paler from base to apex (Figs 1, 2). Head (Fig. 3) small; strongly and sparsely punctured on vertex, vertex puncture size approximately 2 times facet diameter, separated by 2-3 diameters. Clypeus strongly and closely punctured, clypeal puncture size same as facet, nearly coalescing; anterior border obviously emarginated; clypeofrontal sulcus completed. Eyes small, moderately prominent and finely faceted; interocular distance 0.70 times width of head. Antennae (Fig. 4) short, extending to basal three-fourths of pronotum, with short, pale-yellow setae; antennomere II round; antennomere III nearly 1.6 times as long as IV; antennomeres IV to VIII subequal, antennomeres VII and VIII slightly wider than VI; antennomere IX bowl-shaped; antennomere X broadly crescent-shaped; antennomere XI small, almost scallop-shaped, half surrounded by antennomere X; relative lengths of antennomeres II-XI: 40: 100: 62: 55: 55: 52: 50: 125: 105: 70. The terminal segment of maxillary palp (Fig. 5) subtriangular, asymmetrical in lateral view, length about 0.5 times as long as width. Mentum (Fig. 6) with pentagonal plate, both sides margined, with middle area depressed; submentum finely and sparsely punctured, with a few setae. Pronotum (Fig. 7) transverse, widest at basal (pronotum length/width ratio 0.52); lateral border slightly curved, margined; anterior border opposite head, with slightly forward projection in the middle, with fine margin; basal border weakly sinuate, with margins on both sides. Punctures on pronotum similar to vertex, puncture size 2 times facet, separated by 2-3 diameters on both sides, decreasing in size and density toward  median area, disc puncture size same as facet, separated by 3-4 diameters. Anterior angle and posterior angle projecting, each with a pore.
Scutellum heart-shaped, with fine punctures. Elytra widest at base, EL/EW ratio 1.1, gradually narrowing to apex. Each elytron with six or seven indistinct striae; intervals finely punctured.
Prosternum (Fig. 8) with textured surface laterally; fine and sparse punctures medially, with golden setae. Prosternal process broad, produced to an indistinct point anteriorly, and emarginated at posterior border; prosternal lines straight, converging and extending to the front edge of coxae.
Metaventrite coarsely and sparsely punctured in the middle, without punctures on each side of base, with a longitudinal depression on posterior 5/6; coxal lines extending to basal one-third of metaventrite.
Abdomen with coarse and dense punctures laterally, puncture size 2.5 times facet; punctures smaller medially, 0.5 times facet, with short golden setae; long coxal lines on first ventrite nearly attaining posterior border.
Male genitalia (Fig. 10) with median lobe weakly curved, narrowing from onehalf to two-thirds, then gradually widening to 5/6; from here narrowing to a blunt point; median strut as long as median lobe; flagellum short, length = 0.85× median lobe length; sclerite at anterior end of flagellum as in Figures 11, 12. Female genitalia (Fig. 13) with narrow styli at apex of coxite, covered with setae at apex. Female spermatheca (Fig. 14) almost round.
Middle tibia of male without a row of protuberances on the inner surface. Distribution. China: Guizhou. Remarks. Cyrtomorphus rufobrunneus sp. nov. is similar to Cyrtomorphus duodecimaculata Araki, 1941 in its form and body color. The new species can be distinguished by each elytron bearing a brownish-black band, the pronotum having a projecting posterior angle, the prosternal lines straight, and males without a row of protuberances on the inner surface of middle tibia. In contrast, Cyrtomorphus duodecimaculata has five black marks on each elytron, the pronotum has obtuse posterior angles, the prosternal lines curved, males have a row protuberances on the inner surface of the middle tibia.
Etymology. The species is named for the red-brown body color.

Cyrtomorphus connexus Gorham, 1896
Cyrtomorphus connexus Gorham, 1896 Comparative notes. The original description was based on the unique type specimen from Karen Hills, Burma (Gorham 1896). Considerable interspecific variability of C. connexus was observed in external characters such as body size, coloration, punctation, and stripes of the head, pronotum, and elytra (Figs 15,16). It is recorded here from Yunnan Province for the first time. Some specimens are similar to the type specimen, while others differ slightly with the black spot on elytra enclosed (Fig. 16). Arrow (1925) also pointed out that the black markings may be less united.