Corresponding author: Terry Griswold (
Academic editor: M. Engel
This paper describes AnthWest, a large dataset that represents one of the outcomes of a comprehensive, broadly comparative study on the diversity, biology, biogeography, and evolution of
Griswold T, Gonzalez VH, Ikerd H (2014) AnthWest, occurrence records for wool carder bees of the genus
Griswold T, Gonzalez VH and Ikerd H (2014). AnthWest, occurrence records for wool carder bees of the genus Anthidium (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Anthidiini), 22,648 data records. Contributed by Griswold T, Gonzalez VH, Ikerd H, Arduser M, Ascher J, Ayala R, Barnes J, Barr C, Bowers D, Brady S, Brown B, Buck M, Clark S, Clark WH, Danforth B, Engel MS, Falin Z, Fullerton S, Harris B, Hoebeke R, Horsley P, Huntzinger K, Kimsey L, Koch F, Lee V, Luís-Martínez MA, Marshall C, Melo G, Michener CD, Neff J, Notton D, Olson C, Otte D, Packer L, Pagliano G, Paulsen MJ, Pulawski W, Ratcliffe B, Riley E, Ritcher V, Roig Alsina A, Rozen J, Serna F, Scott V, Smith-Pardo A, Spendlove EJ, Stange L, Thomas J, Thorp R, Tinerella P, Urban D, Vergara E, Wall M, Weintraub J, Wiley J, Yanega D, Yañez O, Zimmermann D, and Zuparko RL. Online at
Collecting intensity of
Collection intensity across decades by WWF Biomes and Realms. The following biomes comprised less than 3% each and were combined: Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands, Mangroves, Boreal Forests/Taiga, Rock and Ice, Tundra, and Flooded Grasslands and Savannas.
While the majority of species of
Distribution and relative abundance of species of
Species | # of Ecoregions | # of specimens | Ecoregion Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Critical or Endangered (%) | Vulnerable (%) | Relatively Stable or Intact (%) | |||
|
3 | 48 | 2 | 2 | 96 |
|
3 | 19 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
4 | 10 | 20 | 80 | 0 |
|
3 | 22 | 0 | 18 | 82 |
|
4 | 18 | 6 | 17 | 78 |
|
26 | 985 | 42 | 19 | 39 |
|
16 | 471 | 6 | 38 | 56 |
|
3 | 127 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
|
4 | 13 | 23 | 69 | 8 |
|
3 | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|
19 | 370 | 65 | 13 | 22 |
|
3 | 4 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
3 | 8 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
4 | 17 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|
8 | 947 | 96 | 1 | 3 |
|
6 | 15 | 67 | 0 | 33 |
|
25 | 177 | 45 | 18 | 37 |
|
11 | 88 | 7 | 47 | 47 |
|
13 | 1169 | 1 | 6 | 93 |
|
16 | 730 | 47 | 50 | 4 |
|
3 | 54 | 96 | 0 | 4 |
|
2 | 8 | 88 | 13 | 0 |
|
7 | 333 | 0 | 4 | 95 |
|
2 | 8 | 88 | 0 | 13 |
|
1 | 5 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
5 | 34 | 24 | 3 | 74 |
|
5 | 112 | 0 | 86 | 14 |
|
6 | 210 | 8 | 0 | 92 |
|
15 | 369 | 63 | 31 | 6 |
|
3 | 13 | 92 | 0 | 8 |
|
14 | 505 | 40 | 7 | 53 |
|
5 | 47 | 15 | 2 | 83 |
|
19 | 167 | 51 | 15 | 34 |
|
8 | 183 | 4 | 91 | 4 |
|
12 | 174 | 15 | 39 | 46 |
|
7 | 502 | 93 | 2 | 5 |
|
9 | 137 | 93 | 7 | 0 |
|
1 | 5 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
16 | 539 | 42 | 42 | 16 |
|
2 | 13 | 31 | 69 | 0 |
|
14 | 422 | 15 | 15 | 69 |
|
2 | 9 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
2 | 38 | 0 | 95 | 5 |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
5 | 11 | 27 | 73 | 0 |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
39 | 522 | 80 | 19 | 1 |
|
35 | 1356 | 55 | 24 | 22 |
|
4 | 32 | 0 | 94 | 6 |
|
23 | 635 | 53 | 3 | 44 |
|
4 | 44 | 89 | 0 | 11 |
|
1 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|
1 | 5 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
4 | 16 | 94 | 0 | 6 |
|
32 | 1612 | 51 | 15 | 35 |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|
4 | 6 | 17 | 50 | 33 |
|
7 | 163 | 96 | 4 | 0 |
|
1 | 7 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
8 | 181 | 14 | 34 | 52 |
|
9 | 396 | 66 | 32 | 2 |
|
17 | 984 | 7 | 12 | 81 |
|
11 | 187 | 93 | 7 | 0 |
|
9 | 563 | 0 | 3 | 97 |
|
2 | 26 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
|
3 | 23 | 0 | 91 | 9 |
|
22 | 1034 | 30 | 19 | 51 |
|
1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
|
18 | 982 | 41 | 31 | 27 |
|
7 | 17 | 88 | 0 | 12 |
|
7 | 38 | 95 | 0 | 5 |
|
2 | 9 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
6 | 411 | 21 | 1 | 79 |
|
14 | 74 | 96 | 4 | 0 |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
11 | 76 | 9 | 70 | 21 |
|
4 | 8 | 13 | 88 | 0 |
|
9 | 104 | 12 | 61 | 28 |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
10 | 77 | 3 | 12 | 86 |
|
4 | 90 | 3 | 97 | 0 |
|
2 | 41 | 2 | 0 | 98 |
|
1 | 2 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
|
41 | 1189 | 37 | 22 | 42 |
|
2 | 65 | 0 | 22 | 78 |
|
29 | 2409 | 39 | 49 | 12 |
|
9 | 41 | 24 | 76 | 0 |
|
4 | 30 | 3 | 97 | 0 |
|
1 | 11 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Location of 60 insect collections with number of specimens of
Databasing processes for the USNPID have evolved over the 25 years since initiation. Processing, originally considered as too costly, has since been incorporated into the databasing process. Verbatim label data capture originally only for holotypes, was expanded first to loaned specimens and now to all retro-active data capture. When validity of entry fields is questioned, verbatim information is queried before pulling the specimen from the collection, saving both time and potential handling hazards. Addition of that tracking data (
Percentage of specimen records per species of
Species of
Plant species | Bee species | # of records |
---|---|---|
|
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3 | |
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3 | |
|
1 | |
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1 | |
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1 | |
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||
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2 | |
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7 |
All specimens in this dataset have been reviewed by the authors or are easily determined taxa that have been reviewed by experts in bee taxonomy (
62° to 79° latitude and -174° to -22° longitude
Records in AnthWest span more than a century, from May 1886 to February 2012. The majority of the records are from the past four decades (
As with most other bees, floral resources are essential for reproductive success of
Plant families visited by
Analysis of plant records at the generic level similarly shows the dominance of
Records for 34 name-bearing types of
Percentage of plant records for the ten most visited plant genera (
Flow chart for retroactive data capture of museum specimens.
Flow chart for processing of new specimen samples.
We are greatly indebted to each of the curators, collection managers, and staff from the collections that we visited, or from which we borrowed specimens for this study. This work would not have been possible without their constant and valuable support. The names of the institutions and their personnel are indicated in the section of Material and Methods of