A new species of the genus Duvalius sg. Neoduvalius from Montenegro with taxonomical remarks on the genus Duvalius (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)

Abstract Duvalius (sg. Neoduvalius) gejzadunayi sp. n. from Pećina u Dubokom potoku cave ( Donje Biševo village near Rožaje, Montenegro), the first known representative of this subgenus from the territory of Montenegro is described, illustrated and compared with the related species of the subgenus Neoduvalius Müller, 1913. This new species is characterised by depigmented, medium sized body, totally reduced eyes, deep and complete frontal furrows, 3–4 pairs of discal setae in third elytral stria, as well as by the shape of aedeagus. Data on the distribution and the ecology of this remarkable species, as well as a check-list of the subgenus Neoduvalius are also provided. Recently described genera Serboduvalius Ćurčić, S. B. Pavićević & Ćurčić, B.P.M., 2001, Rascioduvalius Ćurčić, S. B. Brajković, Mitić & Ćurčić, B.P.M., 2003, Javorella Ćurčić, S. B. Brajković, Ćurčić, B.P.M. & Mitić, 2003 and Curcicia Ćurčić, S. B. & Brajković, 2003 are regarded as junior synonyms of the genus Duvalius Delarouzée.


introduction
The Dinaric mountain chain, and the Balkan peninsula as a whole, are an impressive hotspot of subterranean biodiversity (see, as examples, Pretner 1969, 1977, Bedek et al. 2006, Gottstein et al. 2002, Jalžić 1984, 1994, Jalžić et al. 2010. Despite the fact that the cave fauna of this region has systematically been studied for more than one and half centuries new taxa are frequently described. Intensive biospeleological research performed in the Dinaric karst region during last twenty years has led to the discovery of many new subterranean trechine taxa, species and also genera (Monguzzi 1993, Casale and Guéorguiev 1994, Casale and Jalžić 1999, Quéinnec 2008, Lohaj and Jalžić 2009, Casale et al. 2012. During biospeleological research in the caves of the vicinity of Rožaje (Montenegro) undertaken by members of association Biospeleologica Slovaca (D. Čeplík, G. Dunay, J. Lakota and R. Lohaj) in 2009, a new species of the trechine genus Duvalius belonging to the sg. Neoduvalius was discovered. This new species is described below.

Material and methods
The morphological features of beetles were examined using Olympus SZ 60 and MBS 10 stereo-microscopes. Male and female genitalia were dissected, cleaned and mounted in Euparal® on transparent slides under the examined specimens. Macrophotographs were taken using a Canon 5D mark II camera. Photographs of genitalia were taken using microscope Leitz Ergolux with Nikon Colpix E4500 digital camera attached and were completed using Helicon Focus software program.

TL
total body length (measured from the anterior margin of clypeus to the apex of elytra) L overall length, from apex of mandibles to apex of elytra, measured along the suture HL head length (measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the neck constriction) HW maximum width of head HL/HW ratio length of head/ maximum width of head PL pronotum length (measured along the median line) PW maximum width of pronotum, as greatest transverse distance PL/PW ratio length of pronotum/maximum width of pronotum EL elytral length (as linear distance measured along the suture from the elytral base to the apex) EW maximum width of elytra EL/EW ratio length of elytra/maximum width of elytra    Description. TL 5.2-6.0 mm (HT 5.3 mm). Colour reddish-brown, legs, antennae and palpi paler. Glabrous, shiny, head and pronotum with distinct isodiametric microsculpture, microsculpture of elytra with isodiametric and transverse meshes.
Head large, rounded, neck markedly distinct, HL 0.85-0.97 mm (HT 0.87 mm), HW 1.05-1.22 mm (HT 1.08 mm), slightly narrower than pronotum, index HL/ HW 0.79 -0.81 (HT 0,80), glabrous, with distinct isodiametric microsculpture. Frontal furrows deep, complete, reaching neck constriction. Head with two pairs of long supraorbital setae, anterior pair behind middle of head length, posterior pair at hind part of head near the neck. Mandibles relatively long and slender, acutely pointed, the right one with tridentate basal teeth. Clypeus with 2 pairs of setae, labrum with three pairs. Eyes completely reduced, in some specimens present as a dark spot. Antennae long and slender, reaching almost half of elytral length, covered with dense decumbent pubescence, antennomere 3 longest, scape and antennomeres 5-10 nearly equally long.
Legs long, slender, densely pubescent, protibiae with a deep longitudinal furrow on their dorsal side. First two tarsomeres of male protarsi distinctly dilated and toothed at their internal margins. Tarsal claws long and slender, pointed at apex.
Aedeagus (Figs 5, 6) 0.91-1.00 mm long (HT 0.97 mm), median lobe in lateral aspect regularly curved and moderately narrowed apically. Endophallus with copulatory piece widely bilobed both at base and apex, with a reduced bundle of scales in middle. Apex obtuse, widely rounded dorsaly. Parameres slender, length of parameres about half of length of aedeagus, each paramere with four thick apical setae.
Female genitalia: (Fig. 7): without peculiar features, apical segments of gonostyli elongated and slender, regularly curved, at apex pointed, with two dorsal and two ventral spines. The Duboki Potok is one of the left-side confluents of Ibar river, which flows from this area to the Black Sea. The cave is inactive (without water course) with entrance of ca 1 × 1,5 m, followed by spacious hall with wet, black, clay-like humus floor, but deeper in the cave this changes to an ochre-brown sticky mud. The cave floor is littered throughout with stones, stalagmites and stalactites occur only in the furthest recesses of the cave. Total length of the cave is nearly 60 m. Type series of Duvalius gejzadunayi sp. n. was collected by traps baited with cheese and meat, placed in various parts of the cave.
Based on a thorough literature research in combination of specimen examination we conclude that the type species designated for genera Serboduvalius, Rascioduvalius, Javorella and Curcicia do not exhibit any autapomorphies or synapomorphies, respectively, which satisfactorily separate them from other representatives of Duvalius s.l. and warrant erection of new taxa. Therefore the following new synonyms are proposed: Duvalius