On the Lathrobium fauna of the Emei Shan, Sichuan, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

Abstract Six species of Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from the Emei Shan, Sichuan, are described and illustrated: Lathrobium iunctum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium coniunctum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium conexum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium ensigerum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium hastatum Assing & Peng sp. n., and Lathrobium bisinuatum Assing & Peng sp. n. Based on their primary and secondary sexual characters, they represent two distinct lineages, each of them comprising three species. A key to the species recorded from the Emei Shan is provided.


Introduction
According to a recent checklist, 90 species of the speciose paederine genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 have been recorded from mainland China (Assing in press). With few exceptions, they are micropterous, endemic to particular mountains or mountain ranges, and inhabit the leaf litter layer of intermediate to high-altitude forest or shrub habitats. Nine species have been reported from Sichuan, one from the Gongga Shan, two from the Labahe Natural Reserve, one from the Daxue Shan, four from the environs of Songpan in northern Sichuan (Min Shan and adjacent mountains), and one from the border region with Shaanxi (Micang Shan) (Assing in press;Peng et al. 2012;Schülke 2002). Not a single species was previously known from the Emei Shan. The geographically closest localities from where Lathrobium species were described are the Gongga Shan (approximately 140 km) and the Labahe Natural Reserve (approximately 120 km).
Covering an area of 154 km 2 , the Emei Shan, one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains of China, is situated at the western rim of the Sichuan Basin and forms the southernmost part of the Qionglai range ( Fig. 1), without being separated from adjacent mountains of this range by deep valleys. Geologically, the higher parts of the Emei Shan are dominated by igneous rock (basalt). The highest peak is the Wanfoding at 3,099 m. Below 1,800 m, the Emei Shan is subject to subtropical climate, at 1,800-2,200 m the climate is warm temperate, at 2,200-2,600 m it is medium temperate, and above 2,600 m it is cool temperate (Liu 1992). According to Li (1984) four vertical zones of forest vegetation can be distinguished: an evergreen broad-leaved forest zone at elevations below 1,900 m, a mixed evergreen and deciduous forest zone at 1,500-2,000 m, a mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest zone at 2,000-2,500 m, and a cold-temperate coniferous forest zone at altitudes above 2,500 m. The Emei Shan is known to host numerous endemic plants and animals, among them at least three species of Paederinae, one of them in the genus Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 and two in Rugilus Leach, 1819 (Assing 2012a-b;Zheng 1992). One species of Lobrathium Mulsant & Rey, 1878 was described from the Emei Shan, too, but as the description is based on a single female, the species and its distribution are of doubtful status (Assing 2012c; Zheng 1988).
A study of recently collected Lathrobium material from the Emei Shan revealed a remarkable diversity. As many as six undescribed species were recognized; they represent the first records of the genus from this mountain.

Material and methods
The material treated in this paper is deposited in the following public and private collections:

CAS
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing SNUC Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai cAss private collection Volker Assing, Hannover cSme private collection Aleš Smetana, Ottawa The morphological studies were conducted using Stemi SV 11 (Zeiss Germany) and Olympus CX31 microscopes, and a Jenalab compound microscope (Carl Zeiss Jena). The images were prepared using Nikon Coolpix 995, Canon EOS 40D (with an MP-E 65 macrolens), and Canon G9 cameras. The map was created using MapCreator 2.0 (primap) software.
Body length was measured from the anterior margin of the mandibles (in resting position) to the abdominal apex, the length of the forebody from the anterior margin of the mandibles to the posterior margin of the elytra, head length from the anterior margin of the frons to the posterior mar gin of the head, elytral length at the suture from the apex of the scutellum to the posterior margin of the elytra, and the length of the aedeagus from the apex of the ventral process to the base of the aedeagal capsule. The "parameral" side (i.e., the side where the sperm duct enters) is referred to as the ventral, the opposite side as the dorsal aspect.
The labels are cited in the original spelling; different labels are separated by slashes.

Results
Six new species are reported from the Emei Shan. All of them are micropterous (hind wings completely reduced) and most likely endemic to this mountain range.

Species groups
The Lathrobium species of the Emei Shan undoubtedly belong to two distinct lineages, both of which are represented by three species. One lineage is represented by the L. iunctum group and includes L. iunctum, L. coniunctum, and L. conexum. It is constituted by two evident synapomorphies, a male sternite VII with an obliquely asymmetric impression with numerous strongly modified short and stout black setae, as well as the asymmetric and fused ventral process and dorsal plate of the aedeagus. In addition, this group is characterized by dark coloration, moderately large size, a broad head (at least as long as broad), a broad pronotum (approximately 1.2 times as long as broad), the absence of a noticeable sexual dimorphism of the protarsomeres I-IV, a small basal portion of the aedeagus, a relatively short and posteriorly only weakly produced female sternite VIII, an anteriorly undivided and short median portion of the female tergite IX, and the long postero-lateral processes of the female tergite IX. This species group also includes L. acutissimum Peng et al., 2012 from the Labahe Natural Reserve in Sichuan and an undescribed species from the Qincheng Shan. For illustrations of L. acutissimum see Peng et al. (2012).
The second lineage is represented by the L. ensigerum group and comprises L. ensigerum, L. hastatum, and L. bisinuatum. This group is constituted particularly by the presence of a more or less distinctly sclerotized apical internal sclerite and by the shape of the dorsal plate of the aedeagus (apical portion strongly developed, distinctly sclerotized and long; basal portion reduced, very short). Additional characters characterizing this group are the oblong head, a moderately to very slender pronotum, small eyes, symmetric male sternites VII and VIII, a male sternite VIII with shallow posterior excision and with clusters of modified setae posteriorly, an aedeagus with a slender ventral process (at least in ventral view), a long and undivided median portion of the female sternite VIII (at least approximately as long as tergite X), and a posteriorly distinctly produced female sternite VIII. Although vastly different in size, L. ensigerum and L. hastatum apparently represent adelphotaxa, as is suggested by the synapomorphic presence of a long sclerotized spine in the internal sac of the aedeagus, by the similarly shaped dorsal plate of the aedeagus, by the derived shape of the male sternite VIII (presence of a posterior pair of impressions; posterior excision with median projection), as well as by the similarly slender pronotum.

Natural history
The Lathrobium material from the Emei Shan was sifted from the leaf litter and soil beneath broad-leaved trees, bushes, bamboo, and rhododendron. One species was collected at an altitude of 1,100 m, the remaining species at altitudes of 1,700-2,500 m, one of them primarily at high elevations from approximately 2,500 up to about 3,000 m. The labels attached to the material suggest that up to four species may have been found syntopically. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: connected, fused) alludes to the merged ventral process and dorsal plate of the aedeagus.
Head usually weakly transverse, 1.00-1.05 times as broad as long; punctation variable, moderately coarse to coarse and moderately dense to dense, sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices with fine but distinct microreticulation. Eyes weakly convex and rather large, approximately half the length of postocular region in dorsal view, or nearly so, and composed of numerous (> 50) ommatidia. Antenna 2.0-2.3 mm long.
Pronotum relatively broad, approximately 1.2 times as long as broad and 1.05-1.10 times as broad as head; punctation similar to that of head or somewhat finer; impunctate midline moderately broad; interstices without microsculpture.
Elytra short and broad, distinctly dilated posteriorly, approximately 0.55 times as long as pronotum, and at posterior margin approximately 1.6-1.7 times as broad (combined width) as long; punctation somewhat variable, usually shallow and moderately defined. Hind wings completely reduced. Protarsi without evident sexual dimorphism, moderately dilated in both sexes.
Abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation, that of tergite VII only slightly sparser than that of anterior tergites; interstices with fine microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; tergite VIII without sexual dimorphism, with truncate to weakly convex posterior margin.
Male. Sternites III-VI unmodified. Sternite VII strongly transverse, with asymmetric, somewhat oblique median impression posteriorly, this impression with pronounced and extensive cluster of numerous distinctly modified, short and stout black setae; posterior margin bisinuate or with shallow excision in asymmetric position (Fig. 3A). Sternite VIII transverse, pubescence unmodified; posterior excision almost symmetric, narrowly V-shaped and rather deep, its depth approximately 1/4-2/5 the length of sternite (Fig. 3B). Sternite IX as in Fig. 3D. Aedeagus (Figs 3C, E) approximately 1.5 mm long, slender, distinctly asymmetric, and with rather small basal portion; ventral process and dorsal plate fused; internal sac with small and weakly sclerotized basal sclerite.
Female. Sternite VIII approximately as long as broad and with distinctly convex posterior margin, its shape similar to that of L. coniunctum (cf. Fig. 4B). Tergite IX undivided in the middle, with short median portion, and with long posterior processes; tergite X more than twice as long as tergite IX in the middle.
Comparative notes. In external characters, L. iunctum is highly similar to the closely related L. coniunctum and L. conexum (see comparative notes in the following section), from which it is reliably distinguished only by the male sexual characters (shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VII; deep and narrow posterior excision of the male sternite VIII; shape of the aedeagus).
Distribution and natural history. This species is most likely endemic to the Emei Shan, where the type specimens were sifted from leaf litter at elevations from approximately 1,800 to 2,500 m, together with L. coniunctum, L. hastatum, and L. bisinuatum. The locality where the holotype was collected is illustrated in Fig. 9. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: connected, fused) alludes to the merged ventral process and dorsal plate of the aedeagus and emphasizes the hypothesized close relationship of L. coniunctum to L. iunctum and the following species.
Male. Sternites III-VI unmodified. Sternite VII distinctly transverse, with slightly asymmetric, somewhat oblique, and relatively extensive median impression, this impression with defined and extensive cluster of numerous distinctly modified, short and stout black setae; posterior margin bisinuate, with shallow excision in asymmetric position (Fig. 4D). Sternite VIII weakly transverse, with small and shallow, somewhat asymmetrically oblique median impression posteriorly, this impression with a cluster of distinctly modified, short and stout black setae on either side of middle; posterior excision shallow and in asymmetric position (Fig. 4E). Sternite IX as in Fig. 4G. Aedeagus (Figs 4F, H) approximately 1.4 mm long (from base of capsule to apex of dorsal plate), slender, distinctly asymmetric, and with small basal portion; ventral process and dorsal plate fused; dorsal plate apically obliquely bifid in ventral view; internal sac with small and weakly sclerotized basal sclerite.
Female. Sternite VIII approximately as long as broad and with distinctly convex posterior margin (Fig. 4B). Tergite IX undivided in the middle, with short median portion, and with long posterior processes; tergite X more than twice as long as tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 4C).
Comparative notes. Lathrobium coniunctum is undoubtedly closely related to L. iunctum. This conclusion is supported by the similarly derived structure of the aedeagus (ventral process and dorsal plate fused, asymmetric, and slender; basal portion small; internal sac with small and weakly sclerotized basal sclerite); the similarly derived shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VII (median impression obliquely asymmetric and with defined, extensive cluster of distinctly modified setae), by the similar female secondary sexual characters (sternite VIII relatively short; tergite IX with short median portion and with long postero-lateral processes), as well as by the extremely similar external characters. Both species are best distinguished by the completely different shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII and by the differently shaped apex of the aedeagus.
Distribution and natural history. Like L. iunctum, L. coniunctum is probably endemic to the Emei Shan, where the type specimens were sifted from leaf litter at elevations from approximately 1,700 to 2,310 m, partly together with L. iunctum. One of the collecting sites is illustrated in Fig. 10.  Description. Body length 8.8-10.0 mm; length of forebody: 4.1-4.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 2C. Head noticeably transverse, 1.05-1.10 times as broad as long. Other external characters as in L. iunctum.
Male. Sternite VII (Fig. 5D) distinctly transverse and with relatively small, subelliptic, and shallow posterior impression in asymmetric position, this impression with defined and extensive cluster of numerous distinctly modified, short and stout black setae; posterior margin weakly convex. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5E) weakly transverse, with small and shallow impression in asymmetric position posteriorly, this impression with few short black setae; posterior excision shallow and in distinctly asymmetric position. Sternite IX as in Fig. 5F. Aedeagus (Figs 5G, H) approximately 1.4 mm long (from base to apex of dorsal plate) and distinctly asymmetric; ventral process and dorsal plate fused; basal portion of aedeagus small; internal sac with weakly sclerotized basal sclerite.
Female. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5B) oblong, its posterior margin strongly convex. Tergite IX with short and undivided median portion and with moderately long postero-lateral proce sses; tergite X approximately 2.3 times as long as tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 5C).
Comparative notes. As can be inferred from the similarly derived morphology of the aedeagus (ventral process and dorsal plate fused and distinctly asymmetric; small basal portion; internal sac with weakly sclerotized basal sclerite), the similar modifications of the male sternite VII (posterior impression in asymmetric position and with cluster of distinctly modified setae), the similar female secondary sexual characters, and the practically identical external characters, L. conexum is closely allied to L. iunctum and L. coniunctum. The similar modifications of the male sternite VIII would suggest that it may be most closely related to the latter.

Lathrobium ensigerum
Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: carrying a sword) alludes to the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus.
Head weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as broad; punctation not particularly coarse and moderately dense, sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices with fine but distinct microreticulation. Eyes weakly convex and rather small, less than one third or even only one fourth as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna 3.2-3.3 mm long.
Pronotum slender, approximately 1.35-1.40 times as long as broad and 0.95 times as broad as head; punctation similar to that of head or somewhat finer; impunctate midline broader posteriorly than anteriorly; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra short, not distinctly dilated posteriorly (i.e., lateral margins subparallel in dorsal view), approximately 0.50-0.55 times as long as pronotum; punctation shallow and dense. Hind wings completely reduced. Protarsi with weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism.
Abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation, that of tergite VII slightly sparser than that of anterior tergites; interstices with fine microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; tergite VIII without sexual dimorphism, in both sexes with weakly convex posterior margin.
Male. Sternites III-VI unmodified. Sternite VII (Fig. 6D) strongly transverse, with median impression of triangular shape posteriorly, this impression with numerous distinctly modified, short and stout black setae; posterior margin distinctly concave in the middle. Sternite VIII (Fig. 6E) moderately transverse, with pair of posteriorly diverging impressions posteriorly, these impressions with numerous modified short black setae; posterior margin bisinuate, i.e., the shallow median excision with projection in the middle. Aedeagus (Figs 6C, F, G) 2.1 mm long and symmetric; ventral process blade-shaped, laterally compressed; dorsal plate with apical portion large, distinctly curved in lateral view, and apically acute in dorsal view; basal portion very short and thin; internal sac with long sclerotized spine and apically with additional, weakly sclerotized structure.
Female. Sternite VIII 1.7 mm long, distinctly oblong, posterior margin strongly produced in the middle (Fig. 6A). Tergite IX undivided in the middle, with long median portion, and with moderately long posterior processes; tergite X sharply keeled along the middle and approximately as long as tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 6B).
Comparative notes. Lathrobium ensigerum is readily distinguished from all other species known from the Emei Shan by its much larger size alone. In addition, it is characterized by the slender pronotum, as well as the distinctive male and female sexual characters. For details regarding its phylogenetic affiliations see the comparative notes in the following section.
Distribution and natural history. The type locality is situated in the Emei Shan. The specimens were sifted from leaf litter at an altitude of nearly 2,300 m. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: armed with a spear) alludes to the presence of a long spine in the internal sac of the aedeagus.

Lathrobium hastatum
Description. Species of relatively small and somewhat variable size, without sexual size dimorphism. Body length 6.3-7.6 mm; length of forebody 2.9-3.3 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 2E. Coloration: body brown to blackish-brown, abdominal apex indistinctly paler; legs and antennae reddish. Head weakly oblong, approximately 1.05 times as long as broad; punctation variable, relatively fine to moderately coarse and moderately sparse to moderately dense, sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices with fine but distinct microreticulation. Eyes weakly convex and small, approximately one fourth as long as postocular region in dorsal view and composed of approximately 20 weakly defined ommatidia. Antenna 1.6-1.8 mm long.
Pronotum slender, approximately 1.35 times as long as broad and approximately 1.05 times as broad as head; punctation similar to that of head or somewhat finer; impunctate midline moderately broad; interstices without microsculpture.
Elytra short, weakly dilated posteriorly, little more than 0.50 times as long as pronotum; punctation somewhat variable, usually shallow and moderately defined. Hind wings completely reduced. Protarsi with weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism.
Abdomen with fine and rather dense punctation, that of tergite VII slightly sparser than that of anterior tergites; interstices with fine microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII without palisade fringe; tergite VIII without sexual dimorphism, with truncate to weakly concave posterior margin.
Male. Sternites III-VI unmodified. Sternite VII strongly transverse, symmetric, with shallow median impression posteriorly, this impression with sparse and weakly modified dark setae (Fig. 7D). Sternite VIII moderately transverse, symmetric, with pair of small impressions posteriorly, these impressions with numerous distinctly modified, stout and dark setae; posterior margin bisinuate, i.e., the shallow posterior excision with median projection (Fig. 7E). Sternite IX as in Fig. 7C. Aedeagus (Figs 7F, G) approximately 1.1 mm long; ventral process subapically strongly curved and apically acute in lateral view; apical portion of dorsal plate large, long, apically very acute, and distinctly sclerotized; basal portion of dorsal plate very short; internal sac with long and straight sclerotized spine and with additional lamellate apical structure.
Female. Sternite VIII 0.9-1.0 mm long, weakly oblong, of slightly variable shape; posterior margin distinctly produced, middle weakly to distinctly convex (Figs 7A, B). Tergite IX undivided in the middle, with long median portion, and with relatively short postero-lateral processes; tergite X much shorter than tergite IX in the middle.
Comparative notes. The similarly derived shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII (posteriorly with pair of impressions, these impressions with modified setae; posterior excision with median projection), the similarly derived morphology of the aedeagus (apical portion of dorsal plate large, apically acute, and distinctly sclerotized; basal portion of dorsal plate very short; internal sac with long sclerotized spine and apically with additional sclerite), the similar shape of the female sternite VIII, and the similarly slender pronotum suggest that, among the described species recorded from the Emei Shan, L. hastatum is most closely related to L. ensigerum. It is at once distinguished from this species by much smaller body size and by the sexual characters.
Distribution and natural history. Lathrobium hastatum is probably endemic to the Emei Shan. The specimens were sifted from leaf litter at elevations between 1,800 and 2,500 m, together with L. iunctum, L. coniunctum, and/or L. bisinuatum. The locality where the holotype was collected is illustrated in Fig. 9. The ovaries of one of the dissected females contained a mature egg.
Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) alludes to the bisinuate posterior margin and the bisinuate dorsal plate (lateral view) of the aedeagus.
Description. Small species without sexual size dimorphism. Body length 5.2-6.5 mm; length of forebody 2.6-2.8 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 2F. Coloration: body darkbrown to blackish-brown, abdominal apex indistinctly paler; legs and antennae reddish. Pronotum moderately slender, 1.21-1.26 times as long as broad. Posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate to weakly convex in both sexes. Other external characters as in L. hastatum.
Male. Sternites III-VI unmodified. Sternite VII strongly transverse, symmetric, with shallow median impression posteriorly, this impression with sparse and unmodified pubescence; posterior margin weakly and broadly concave (Fig. 8D). Sternite VIII moderately transverse, symmetric, shallowly impressed along the middle, this impression posteriorly with cluster of dense modified black setae on either side of middle; posterior excision very shallow, posterior margin on either side of this impression weakly concave (Fig. 8E). Sternite IX as in Fig. 8F. Aedeagus (Figs 8G, H) 0.9-1.0 mm long; ventral process laterally compressed, rather short, subapically curved, and apically acute; apical portion of dorsal plate of conspicuous shape, very long and slender, bisinuate in lateral view, and considerably projecting beyond apex of ventral process apically; basal portion of dorsal plate very short; internal sac with small and weakly sclerotized basal sclerite and with additional, semi-transparent apical sclerite.
Female. Sternite VIII 0.8-0.9 mm long, weakly oblong, posterior margin distinctly produced in the middle, apex of this projection truncate to weakly convex (Fig. 8B). Tergite IX undivided in the middle, with long median portion, and with relatively short postero-lateral processes; tergite X much shorter than tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 8C).
Comparative notes. Among the Lathrobium species known from the Emei Shan, L. bisinuatum is most closely related to the species pair L. ensigerum + L. hastatum, a conclusion supported particularly by the structure of the aedeagus (presence of an apical internal sclerite; strongly developed apical portion and reduced basal portion of the dorsal plate) and additionally by the similar female secondary sexual characters (shape of sternite VIII; relative length and shapes of tergites IX and X), the somewhat similar shape and chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII (posteriorly with shallow excision and with clusters of modified black setae), and the similar external characters. In external characters, L. bisinuatum is most similar to L. hastatum, from which it is distinguished by smaller size, darker average coloration, the less slender pronotum, as well as by the male sexual characters.
Distribution and natural history. Like the other species described above, L. bisinuatum is probably endemic to the Emei Shan, where it was found primarily at high altitudes (2,500-3,000 m). In one locality at 2,500 m, L. bisinuatum was found together with L. iunctum and L. hastatum. Four females were collected somewhere between 1,800-2,400 m; they have the same label data as specimens of L. iunctum, L. coniunctum, and/or L. hastatum, suggesting that they were collected syntopically. Some of the specimens were sifted from rhododendron litter and humus in a rhododendron forest on a west slope near the mountain summit at an altitude of 2,800-3,035 m (Fig. 12).

1
Large species; body length > 10 mm; length of forebody > 5 mm. Head slightly broader than pronotum (Fig. 2D). ♂: aedeagus 2.1 mm long, with swordshaped ventral process (Figs 6C, F, G); sternites VII and VIII of distinctive shapes and chaetotaxy (Figs 6D, E). ♀: tergite X sharply keeled along the middle, approximately as long as tergite IX in the middle (Fig. 6B) ......ensigerum -Distinctly smaller species; body length < 10 mm; length of forebody < 4.5 mm. Head slightly narrower than pronotum. ♂: aedeagus much smaller and with ventral process of different shape; sternites VII and VIII of different Smaller species; body length < 7.6 mm; length of forebody < 3.4 mm. Head weakly oblong. Eyes smaller, less than one third as long as postocular region in dorsal view, and composed of approximately 20 ommatidia. Pronotum more slender, > 1.2 times as long as broad. Elytra only weakly dilated posteriorly. ♂: sternite VII with symmetric impression, this impression with sparse unmodified or weakly modified setae; aedeagus symmetric or weakly asymmetric and with large basal portion, ventral process and dorsal plate not fused. ♀: sternite VIII distinctly oblong, posterior margin distinctly produced in the middle; tergite IX with long median portion and relatively short posterolateral processes; tergite X much shorter than tergite IX in the middle ......... ♂: sternite VII with shallow posterior excision and with more extensive impression (Fig. 4D); sternite VIII with smaller posterior excision and with more numerous and more distinctly modified setae posteriorly (Fig. 4E); sternite IX more slender (Fig. 4G); aedeagus more slender, dorsal plate bifid apically in ventral view (Figs 4F, H). ♀: sternite VIII approximately as long as broad (Fig. 4B)  Body larger; length of forebody 2.9-3.3 mm. Pronotum more slender, approximately 1.35 times as long as broad. ♂: sternite VII with weakly modified setae in posterior impression, posterior margin more distinctly concave in the middle (Fig. 7D); sternite VIII with median projection in the middle of the posterior excision; aedeagus approximately 1.1 mm long, with longer and more slender ventral process in lateral view, with broad and shorter dorsal plate, and with long sclerotized spine in internal sac (Figs 7F, G) ....hastatum -Body smaller; length of forebody 2.6-2.8 mm. Pronotum less slender < 1.30 times as long as broad. ♂: sternite VII with unmodified pubescence in posterior impression and with weakly concave posterior margin (Fig. 8D); posterior margin of sternite VIII with small posterior excision, this excision without median projection (Fig. 8E); aedeagus 0.9-1.0 mm long with shorter and broader ventral process in lateral view, with conspicuously long, slender, and bisinuate (lateral view) dorsal plate, internal sac only with small basal sclerite in internal sac (Figs 8G, H)