Phylogenetic relationships within Laspionchis based on concatenated nuclear ITS2 and 28S DNA sequences for 41 individuals (including 19 outgroups). Numbers by the branches are the bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood analysis, ML) and the posterior probabilities (Bayesian analysis, B). Only numbers > 60% (ML) and > 0.9 (B) are indicated. Numbers for each individual correspond to unique identifiers for DNA extraction. All sequences of Laspionchis individuals are new. Outgroups sequences are from our previous studies (Dayrat et al. 2011, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019; Dayrat and Goulding 2017; Goulding et al. 2018a, b, c). Information on specimens can be found in the lists of material examined and in Table 1. The color used for each subspecies is the same as the color used in Figs 2, 3, 5–7.