Cochylis Treitschke in China: one new species and five new records (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Cochylini)

Abstract Six species of Cochylis Treitschke, 1829 are recorded for China. Among them, Cochylis triangula sp. n. is described as new; Cochylis atricapitana (Stephens, 1852), Cochylis discerta Razowski, 1970, Cochylis dubitana (Hübner, [1799]), Cochylis faustana (Kennel, 1919) and Cochylis posterana hyrcana (Toll, 1948) are recorded for the first time for China. The female of Cochylis discerta Razowski, 1970 is described for the first time. Adults and genitaliaare illustrated, a key is given for the identification of Chinese species based on male genitalia.


Introduction
The genus Cochylis Treitschke, 1829 belongs to the tribe Cochylini of the subfamily Tortricinae. Cochylis was erected by Treitschke (1829) for the type species Tortrix roseana Haworth, 1811. Brown (2005) listed 68 species and five subspecies. Subsequently, Brown (2006) described a new species from Argentina; Razowski and Wojtusiak (2006) described a new species from Venezuela; Razowski and Becker (2007a, b) described a new species from Argentina and Cuba respectively; Metzler and Forbes (2012) described a new species from the USA. Cochylis nana (Haworth, 1811) and C. voxcana (Kearfott, 1907) were transferred to the genus Thyraylia Walsingham, 1897 (Gilligan et al. 2012). Currently, Cochylis consists of 71 species and five subspecies, distributed in the Holarctic, Oriental and Neotropical regions; 26 of these occur in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Liu and Li (2002) recorded six Cochylis species from China, of which C. nana (Haworth, 1811) was subsequently transferred to the genus Thyraylia. In this paper, we describe one new species and record five additional species for the Chinese fauna.

Material and methods
This study is based on the examination of specimens collected by light traps. Morphological terminology follows Razowski (1987). Genitalia were prepared and mounted according to the methods introduced by Li (2002). Photos of the adults were taken with a Nikon D300 digital camera plus macro lens, and illustrations of the genitalia were prepared by using an Olympus C-7070 digital camera attached to an Olympus BX51 microscope. The examined specimens, including the types of the new species, are deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (NKUM). Type locality is abbreviated as TL.
ing middle of the costal margin, basal distance between R 1 −R 2 about three times of between R 2 −R 3 , R 5 to the costal margin; hindwing with costal fold in male, Rs and M 1 arising from the same point or long stalked, M 3 and CuA 1 separate, female hindwing usually with two spines in the frenulum; male genitalia: tegumen short and broad; uncus and gnathos absent; socius separate, drooped, connected with distal part of tegumen at base; median process of the transtilla mostly developed and dentate distally (absent in a few species); sacculus developed with a hook-shaped process basally in some species, with or without terminal process; slender vinculum separate ventrally; phallus without cornutus or with cornutus composed of a bundle of spines; female genitalia: sterigma varied in size and sclerotized diversely; antrum developed and heavily sclerotized; ductus bursae short, indistinctly distinguished from the corpus bursae; corpus bursae membranous, densely suffused with tiny spines.
Biology. In the Palaearctic Region, there are one or two generations annually, and over-wintering occurs in the larval stage. Larvae are oligophagous and feed mainly on plants belonging to Asteraceae (Razowski 1987).
Distribution. All species are distributed in the Holarctic, Oriental and Neotropical regions. Valva with a spine-shaped process at basal 1/3 near outer margin (Fig. 11) 1) with wingspan 10.5−13.0 mm. This species is very similar to C. hybridella (Hübner, [1813]), but C. atricapitana can be distinguished by the pocket formed by the seventh sternum sclerotized on dorsal surface, the antrum composed of two connected rectangular plates and not bearing cylinder-shaped structure in the female genitalia (Fig. 12). In C. hybridella, the pocket formed by the seventh sternum is membranous, the antrum is semicircular and bears a nearly cylinder-shaped structure in the female genitalia.

Cochylis discerta
Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by the broad transtilla and the absence of a median process in the male genitalia (Fig. 7), and the ringshaped sterigma and heavily sclerotized antrum in the female genitalia. Cochylis discerta Razowski, 1970 is very similar to C. psychrasema (Meyrick, 1937), but C. discerta can be distinguished by the ventral margin of the valva without a distal process in the male genitalia and the ductus bursae about 1/3 length of the corpus bursae in the female genitalia. In C. psychrasema, the ventral margin of the valva bears a long spine-shaped process in the male genitalia and the ductus bursae is about 1/7 length of the corpus bursae in the female genitalia.
Distribution. China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi), Mongolia. Note. The female is described here for the first time.   . 3) with wingspan 15.5 mm. This species is similar to C. hybridella, but C. dubitana can be distinguished by the sacculus not extended basally and the juxta slightly concave on the posterior margin in the male genitalia (Fig. 8). In C. hybridella, the sacculus is extended to a hook-shaped process at the base and the posterior margin of the juxta is protruded posterolaterally in the male genitalia.
Distribution. China (Heilongjiang), Europe. ( . 4) with wingspan 8.0−9.5 mm. This species is similar to C. hybridella, but C. faustana can be distinguished by the short stripe-shaped median process of the transtilla about 1/3 length of the transtilla, and the phallus with more than ten cornuti in the male genitalia (Fig. 9); the seventh sternum not forming a membranous pocket, the antrum almost as long as wide, without cylinder-shaped structure at middle in the female genitalia (Fig. 14). In C. hybridella, the median process of the transtilla is somewhat broad on basal 3/4 and slender on the distal 1/4, about 1/2 the length of the transtilla, and the slender phallus curves orthogonally and does not have cornutus in the male genitalia; the seventh sternum forms a membranous pocket, the length of the antrum is about 2/3 of width and bears a nearly cylinder-shaped structure at middle in the female genitalia.

Cochylis faustana
Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang), Russia. Description. Adult (Fig. 6) with wingspan 15.5−17.0 mm. Vertex and frons pale yellowish white. Antenna yellowish brown, mixed with brownish black scales. Labial palpus slender, about 1.5 times length of eye's diameter, yellowish brown on outer surface, yellowish white on inner surface. Thorax and tegula pale yellowish white, tegula with a brownish black spot at base. Forewing with costal margin straight, apex protruded, termen oblique. Ground color pale yellowish white; costal margin mixed with small brownish black spots on basal half, with brownish black spots at base and at basal 1/4, with a short and thin stripe at distal 1/6; basal patch occupying basal 1/4 of forewing, consisting of thin grayish black stripes; median fascia from middle of costal margin extending obliquely to middle of dorsum, grayish black with sparse ochreous yellow, anterior 1/4 oblique outward, somewhat narrow, anterior 1/4 to 1/2 disappeared, posterior half somewhat broad, oblique inward; subapical fascia a brownish black stripe along termen, mixed with ochreous yellow scales; tornus with a large brownish black patch; dorsum with small brownish black spots; cilia pale brown. Hindwing and cilia grayish white. Fore-and midlegs brownish black, with yellowish white rings; hindleg yellowish white. Abdomen grayish brown.
Diagnosis. This species is similar to C. posterana hyrcana, but C. triangula sp. n. can be distinguished by the sacculus with ventral margin protruded triangularly, and the cornutus being a cluster of short and thin spines in the male genitalia; the nearly rectangular antrum with a heavily sclerotized vertical band at middle in the female genitalia. In C. posterana hyrcana, the ventral margin of the sacculus is straight, and the cornutus consists of a bundle of more than ten thin spines in the male genitalia; the antrum is composed of two rounded plates close to each other and the absence of the sclerotized vertical band at middle in the female genitalia.
Distribution. China (Guizhou, Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name is the feminine form of the Latin adjective triangulus, meaning triangular, referring to the triangular sacculus.