A taxonomic revision of the silphaeformis species-group of the genus Tachinus Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from China

Abstract The Chinese species of the silphaeformis group of the genus Tachinus Gravenhorst are revised with fifteen species being treated. Thirteen of them are described as new: T. armatus Feng & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. cavazzutii Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. coronatus Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Ningxia, Qinghai), T. hercules Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. hujiayaoi Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Shaanxi), T. jiuzhaigouensis Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. linzhiensis Feng & Li, sp. n. (Tibet), T. maderianus Feng & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. mengdaensis Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Qinghai), T. oblongoelytratus Feng & Li, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. parahercules Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan), T. paralinzhiensis Feng & Li, sp. n. (Tibet), and T. yini Feng, Li & Schülke, sp. n. (Sichuan). The two known species are redescribed based on the holotypes and additional material. Illustrations of the habitus and major diagnostic characters, distributional maps, and identification keys of all species are included.


introduction
The genus Tachinus Gravenhorst, 1802 currently contains more than 250 valid species, most of them distributed in the Holarctic and Oriental regions, with a few reaching the Neotropics in Central America (Herman 2001). Members of Tachinus from China are assigned to three subgenera, viz., Tachinus Gravenhorst, 1802, Tachinoderus Motschulsky, 1858, and Latotachinus Ullrich, 1975.
The silphaeformis group is one of the 30 species groups of the subgenus Tachinus and includes seven described species (Ullrich 1975;Schülke 1997): T. silphaeformis Normand, 1928 from Tunisia, T. mercatii Jarrige, 1966 from Italy, T. starcki Eppelsheim, 1889 from Russia (West Caucasus), T. alienus Ullrich, 1975 from northern India, T. lacinipennis (Scheerpeltz, 1976) from Nepal, and T. lohsei Ullrich, 1975 andT. maderi Bernhauer, 1939 from southwestern China. In this paper, we aim to revise the Chinese species of the silphaeformis group. This includes redescriptions of the two known species and descriptions of thirteen new species. Illustrations of the habitus and major diagnostic features, identification keys, and distributional maps of all species are provided.

Material and methods
More than 1,050 specimens of the silphaeformis group were examined. Material from the following collections was used for study: The dissection procedure was the following: dried specimens were immersed in cold water for 0.5 to 1 hour. After relaxing, the membrane between abdominal segments VI and VII was cut. The dissected parts were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Gesellschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on a plastic slide.

FMNH
Habitus photos were taken using a Cannon EOS 40D camera mounted with an MP-E 65 mm Macro Photo Lens. Photos of dissected parts were taken using a Cannon G9 camera mounted on an Olympus CX21 microscope. Drawings and distribution maps were made in Adobe Illustrator CS5. ate margin or three to four rounded lobes; posterior margin of male sternite VIII  with deep bell-shaped emargination; aedeagus  with median lobe moderately short and broad, parameres fused at base, of variable shape, often of reduced length, and of latero-apicad orientation.
Female. Elytra longer, posterior margin simply rounded, truncate, slightly to strongly produced at sutural angle; SEL distinctly longer than in male; elytral microsculpture more distinct. Protarsomeres I-IV not dilated; tergite VIII  with sinuate apical margin, or with two to three rounded lobes; female sternite VIII ( Fig. 20) with six lobes, fimbriate median lobes sometimes fused.
Remarks. Members of this group can be readily separated from those of the other groups by the long and sexually dimorphic elytra, the presence of a pair of pruinose spots on tergites III-VI, the characterically impressed and apically bent male sternite VII, and the unique shape of aedeagus. Most species of this group are very similar in general appearance, except for T. lohsei and T. jiuzhaigouensis, which are distinguished by their small size and yellow lateral margins of the pronotum. Reliable identifications of the group members require careful examinations of the genital features including the form of the tergite and sternite VIII of both sexes, and the aedeagus.
Data on the natural history is largely unknown for most species. Many species of this group are restricted to higher elevations, mostly above 2,500 m. They were collected, often together with other Tachinus species from sifted litter, dung, and decaying mushrooms in mixed coniferous forests, above the forest margin from litter of Rhododendron and other subalpine shrubs, or from dung on alpine meadows.  Body (Figs 1A, 1B) dark brown; mouthparts and elytra reddish brown; basal four antennomeres and legs reddish yellow. Head shorter than wide, HW : PW = 0.58-0.62, disc with microsculpture consisting of irregular striae, punctation fine and sparse. Antennae moderately short, antennomeres X slightly shorter than wide.
Female. Body (Fig. 1B) slightly larger than that of male. Elytra only slightly longer than in male; inner part of posterior margin produced, forming a distinct angle. Microsculpture more distinct than in male. Lobes of tergite VIII (Fig. 18A) completely reduced, posterior margin sinuate, lateral angles each with pair of long setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20A) with fimbriate median lobes fused and as long as sublateral ones.
Etymology. The specific name (Latin adjective), meaning "armed", refers to the conspicuous secondary sexual features of the male.
Abdomen with microsculpture radiating from punctures. Male. Sternite VII (Figs 9B,10B) with posterior margin broadly and deeply emarginate, apical margin bent ventrad, with moderately broad area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII (Fig. 11B) with four almost reduced lobes, lateral lobes slightly longer than median ones. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13B. Aedeagus ( Fig. 15B) with median lobe broad and projecting beyond apices of parameres, apical portion of median lobe with slight projection; parameres short, of latero-apicad orientation, broadly triangular in lateral view. Female (Fig. 1D). Pronotum with microsculpture more distinct, forming transverse meshes. Elytra distinctly longer than that of male; posterior margin rounded; microsculpture denser and more distinct than in male. Abdominal tergite VIII ( Fig. 18B) with posterior margin deeply emarginate medially, lateral angles each with one long seta. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20B) with six distinct lobes, fimbriate median lobes separated by shallow emargination.
Etymology. The species is named after Pierfranco Cavazzuti (Pagno, Italy), the collector of some paratypes.
Remarks. Males can be separated from the other species by the apical projection of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and by the broadly triangular parameres (in lateral view). Females are distinguished by the unique shape of tergite VIII.  Body (Figs 2A,2B) dark brown to black; head and disc of pronotum black; elytra brown; mouthparts, basal four antennomeres, lateral margins of pronotum, small humeral spots on elytra, posterior margin of abdominal tergites and legs reddish brown.
Male. Sternite VII (Figs 9C,10C) similar to that of T. hujiayaoi, with moderately deep triangular emargination at posterior margin, apical margin bent ventrad, with broad area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII as in Fig. 11C, with four almost fused lobes, forming a sinuate apical margin. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13C. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 15C) short and broad, distinctly projecting beyond apices of parameres, apical portion of median lobe with projection of unique shape. Parameres short, directed latero-apicad. Female. Pronotum and elytra with microsculpture slightly more distinct. Elytra distinctly longer than in male, apical margin of elytra broadly rounded, without distinct projection near sutural angle. Tergite VIII (Fig. 18C) and sternite VIII (Fig. 20C) similar to those of T. hujiayaoi.
Etymology. The specific name (Latin adjective), meaning "crowned", refers to the unique apical projection of the median lobe of the aedeagus.
Remarks. Males of this can be separated from those of the other species by the unique projection on the apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus. Females are distinguished from those of all other species except T. hujiayaoi by the shape of the apical margin of tergite VIII with two pairs of long setae.   Body (Figs 2C,2D) dark brown to black, head black, mouthparts, basal four antennomeres, elytra, posterior margin of each abdominal tergite and legs reddish brown.
Head shorter than wide and narrower than pronotum, HW : PW = 0.56-0.64 (0.57), disc of head with dense microsculpture consisting of irregular striae, basal part with microsculpture consisting of transverse meshes, punctation fine and sparse. Antennae moderately short, antennomeres X shorter than wide.
Surface of abdomen evenly pubescent and punctate, microsculpture consisting of transverse lines.
Female. Antennomeres X only slightly shorter than wide (length : width = 0.93 ). Pronotum with microsculpture more distinct and denser than in male. Elytra slightly longer than in male; apical margin broadly rounded, with microsculpture more distinct, denser and with shorter meshes than in male. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 18D) with lobes almost fused, apical margin of median lobe broadly and triangularly projecting beyond lateral lobes; lateral lobes each with one long seta. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 20D) with six lobes, fimbriate median lobes nearly fused, with shallow emargination at middle, sublateral lobes as long as median ones.
Etymology. The species is named after the Greek divine hero Heracles, whose Roman name is Hercules.
Remarks. Males of the new species are similar to those of T. parahercules externally, and can be separated only by aedeagal characters, they differ from the other species by the shape of the aedeagal median lobe (two apical projections, long parameres directed lateroapically). Females are distinguished by the shape of the apical margin of tergite VIII, from females of the similar T. hujiayaoi and T. coronatus by the presence of a single pair of long setae on the lateral lobes of tergite VIII.  Body (Figs 3A, 3B) dark brown to black, disc of elytra brown, mouthparts, basal four antennomeres, lateral margins of pronotum, posterior margin of elytra, abdominal tergites and legs reddish brown.
Abdomen with fine microsculpture consisting of transverse lines.
Male. Sternite VII (Figs 9E,10E) triangularly emarginate at posterior margin, apical margin bent ventrad, with moderately broad area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII as in Fig. 11E. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13E, all four lobes nearly fused, forming a Female. Elytra slightly longer than in male, inner part of posterior margin weakly produced, forming a broadly obtuse angle. Tergite VIII (Fig. 18E) with lobes almost fused, apical margin of median lobe broadly and triangularly projecting, as long as lateral lobes; lateral lobes each with one pair of long setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20E) with six lobes, fimbriate median lobes nearly fused, with small and shallow emargination, sublateral lobes slightly longer than fimbriate median lobes.
Etymology. The species is named after Jia-Yao Hu (Shanghai), a colleague and friend specializing in Paederinae and Quediina.
Remarks. The new species is most similar to T. coronatus externally, and can be separated only by aedeagal characters. Males of T. hujiayaoi can be differed from those of the other species by the unique shape of the apical projections of the aedeagal median lobe. Females are distinguished from those of all other species except T. coronatus by the shape of the apical margin of tergite VIII (lateral lobes each with one pair of long setae). Body (Fig. 3C, 3D) brown to black; head and pronotal disc black; lateral margins of pronotum yellow; elytra, posterior margin of each abdominal tergite and legs reddish brown; mouthparts and basal antennomeres black or dark brownish.
Head slightly transverse, HW : PW = 0.58-0.60, punctation fine and sparse, microsculpture consisting of irregular striae on disc, more transverse in posterior portion. Antennomeres X shorter than wide.
Male. Surface of elytra with microsculpture similar to that of pronotum, often almost completely reduced. Sternite VII (Figs 9F,10F) as in Tachinus lohsei, apical margin of emargination more rounded, hand-shaped projection more slender, in posterior view apical margin bent dorsad. Tergite VIII as in Fig. 11F. Sternite VIII as in Fig.  13F. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 15F) shorter and slightly broader than parameres. Parameres in lateral view straight, not curved ventrad in apical half, apex of parameres angular in ventral view.
Female. Elytra distinctly longer than in male (Fig. 3D), inner part of posterior margin produced, forming a distinct angle. Surface with distinct microsculpture composed of irregular transverse striae in the anterior portion and of irregular meshes in posterior portion. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 18F) trilobed, similar to that of T. lohsei, median lobe at least as long as lateral ones, lateral lobes broad and each with one pair of long setae. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 20F) with six lobes, fimbriate median lobes separated by deep and narrow emargination.
Etymology. The specific name (adjective) is derived from "Jiuzhaigou", the type locality of this species.
Remarks. Tachinus jiuzhaigouensis can be easily separated from the other species of the group by its small size, the broadly yellow lateral margins of the pronotum and the primary and secondary sexual characters. The species is very similar to T. lohsei, but the male is distinguished by the more angular apical part of the parameres, the female by the different shape of the median lobe of tergite VIII.  Body (Figs 4A,4B) black to piceous; mouthparts, antennomeres I and IV, elytra and legs reddish brown.
Head slightly transverse, HW : PW = 0.57-0.64 (0.64). Surface of head with distinct microsculpture and fine and sparse punctation. Antennae moderately short, antennomeres X slightly transverse or as long as wide.
Surface of abdomen with dense microsculpture consisting of transverse lines, punctation similar to that of elytra.
Male. Sternite VII (Figs 9G,10G) only shallowly emarginate at posterior margin, apical margin bent ventrad, with broad area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII (Fig.  11G) with four short lobes, median lobes broader and slightly longer than lateral ones. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13G. Aedeagus (Fig. 16A) with parameres much longer than median lobe; parameres directed apicad, slightly curved medially. Parameres projecting beyond apex of median lobe by one quarter length of median lobe.
Female. Elytra only slightly longer than in male, apical margin broadly rounded. Tergite VIII (Fig. 18G) long and broad, distinctly trilobed, lateral lobes shorter than median lobe, apical margin of median lobe slightly emarginate at middle; lateral lobes each with one pair of long setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20G) with fimbriate median lobes completely fused.
Etymology. The specific name (adjective) is derived from "Linzhi", the type locality of this species.
Remarks. Males can be separated from those of the other species of the group by the apically strongly elongate aedeagal parameres. Females are distinguished from those of all other species except T. paralinzhiensis by the shape of tergite VIII, from those of T. paralinzhiensis by the totally fused fimbriate lobe of sternite VIII. Body (Figs 4C,4D) dark brown to black, head and pronotal disc black, lateral margins of pronotum broadly yellowish brown, elytral disc brown, mouthparts, basal four antennomeres, posterior margin of elytra, abdominal tergites and legs reddish brown.

Tachinus
Head slightly transverse, HW : PW = 0.55-0.62, surface with fine and sparse punctation, microsculpture consisting of discontinuous striae. Antennomeres X slightly shorter than wide in male, but more distinctly shorter than wide in female.
Abdomen with denser and finer punctation than elytra. Male. Surface of pronotum with weak microsculpture, elytra only with traces of microsculpture. Sternite VII (Figs 9H,10H) with large basal projection and deep median triangular emargination, coarse granules arranged as inverted "V" in anterior portion of impression, each side of impression with a hand-shaped projection, lateral sides of apical margin with long comb-like setae; apical margin bent dorsad when viewed from behind. Tergite VIII (Fig. 11H) with four lobes, median lobes with small, narrowly rounded emargination between them, and longer than lateral ones. Sternite VIII (Fig. 13H) with four distinct lobes, median lobes longer than lateral ones and separated by a deep, bell-shaped emargination. Aedeagus (Fig. 16B) with median lobe shorter than the parameres, parameres wide and elongate, sides gradually narrowed from apical half to rounded apices; apical third of lateral lobes slightly curved ventrad in lateral view.
Female. Pronotum with microsculpture more distinct, consisting of sinuate transverse striae. Elytra distinctly longer than in male, inner part of posterior margin slightly produced, forming an obtuse angle, microsculpture much more distinct, consisting of short transverse to isodiametric meshes. Tergite VIII (Fig. 18H) distinctly trilobed, median lobe separated from lateral lobes by a deep suture, shorter than lateral ones; lateral lobes broad, each with one pair of long setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20H) with six lobes, fimbriate median lobes separated by deep and narrow emargination.

Remarks.
Tachinus lohsei can be separated from the other species of the group by its small size, the broadly yellow lateral margins of the pronotum, and the different primary and secondary sexual characters. The species is very similar to T. jiuzhaigouensis, but the male is distinguished by the different, more rounded apical part of the parameres, the female by the different shape of the median lobe of tergite VIII.    Description. Measurements of female holotype: BL 4.63; FL 3.90; PL 1.07; EL 1.80; SEL 0.34; HW 0.93; PW 1.61; EW 1.78; relative length of antennomeres I-XI: 16 : 9 : 10 : 6.5 : 10 : 8 : 9 : 9 : 8.5 : 8.5 : 16. Body (Fig. 8A) dark brown to black; margins of elytra, mouthparts, basal four antennomeres and legs paler brown.
Abdomen with microsculpture consisting of transverse striae, punctation moderately coarse and dense.
Male. Unknown. Female. Posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 18I) sinuate, without obvious median lobes, but with short acute lobes at lateral angles, each with one pair of long setae. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20I) with fimbriate median lobes nearly fused; sublateral lobes as long as median ones.
Remarks. Females of this species are distinguished from those of all other species by the slender habitus with exceptionally elongate elytra; from all species except the similar T. armatus and T. parahercules by the shape of tergite VIII.  Abdomen with microsculpture consisting of transverse striae, punctation moderately coarse and dense.
Male. Posterior margin of elytra broadly rounded. Sternite VII (Figs 9I,10I) with apical margin broadly and deeply emarginate, apical margin bent ventrad, with very broad area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII as in Fig. 11I, all four lobes nearly fused, forming a sinuate apical margin. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13I. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 16C) as wide as, and longer than parameres, parameres forming one apically truncate plate.
Female. Inner part of posterior margin of elytra distinctly produced, forming a distinct angle. Posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 19A) without distinct lobes, lateral angles each with only one long seta. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20J) with fimbriate median lobes separated by a shallow emargination; sublateral lobes as long as median ones.
Etymology. The specific name (adjective) is derived from the name of the Austrian entomologist Leopold Mader , referring to the similarity of this species to T. maderi.

Remarks.
Males can be separated from those of other species by the shape of the very broadly bent portion of sternite VII, as well as by the shape of the parameres, and the apical projection of the median lobe of the aedeagus. Females are distinguished by the shape of the apical margin of tergite VIII.  Male. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Figs 9J,10J) with broad triangular emargination medially, apical margin bent ventrad, with broad area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII as in Fig. 12A, all four lobes nearly fused, forming a sinuate apical margin. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13J. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 16D) broad and projecting beyond apices of parameres, apical portion of median lobe in lateral view with beltshaped projection.

Tachinus
Female. Pronotum with microsculpture more distinct, forming more regular transverse meshes. Elytra distinctly longer than in male, apical margins broadly rounded. Tergite VIII (Fig. 19B) transverse, lobes nearly fused, posterior margin of median lobe broadly rounded, lateral lobes each with only one pair of long setae. Fimbriate median lobes of sternite VIII (Fig. 20K) separated by a shallow emargination, slightly shorter than sublateral lobes.
Etymology. The specific name (adjective) is derived from "Mengda", the type locality of this species.
Remarks. This new species can be separated from the other species by the triangular emargination of the apical margin of the male sternite VII, the belt-like projection (lateral view) of the aedeagal median lobe, the shape of the aedeagal parameres, and the broadly rounded median lobe of the female tergite VIII.  Male. Sternite VII (Figs 9K,10K) with semicircular emargination at posterior margin, apical margin bent ventrad, strongly projecting, with large area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII (Fig. 12B) with apical lobes almost fused, forming a sinuate apical margin. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13K. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 16E) broad and much longer than parameres, apical portion with paired projection.

Tachinus
Female. Elytra only slightly longer than in male, apical margins broadly rounded, only weakly produced near sutural angle. Tergite VIII (Fig. 19C) trilobed, median lobe triangular and broad, lateral lobes short, each with one long seta. Fimbriate median lobes of sternite VIII (Fig. 20L) separated by shallow emargination, sublateral lobes slightly shorter than median ones.
Etymology. The specific name (adjective) is a combination of the Latin adjective "oblongus" and the Greek word "elytron". It refers to the long elytra.
Remarks. Males of this species can be separated from those of the other species of the group by the unique shape of the aedeagus, females by the long median lobe and the chaetotaxy of the lateral lobes (each with one long seta) of tergite VIII. Body (Figs 6C, 6D) dark brown to black; head black; disc of pronotum reddish brown to dark brown; mouthparts, basal four antennomeres, posterior margin of elytra, and posterior margin of abdominal tergites reddish brown. Sometimes elytra paler and with reddish brown humeral spot.
Pronotum Abdomen with denser and finer punctation than elytra; surface with microsculpture consisting of transverse striae.
Male. Sternite VII (Figs 9L,10L) as in T. cavazzutii, apical emargination narrower. Tergite VIII as in Fig. 12C, all four lobes nearly fused, forming an almost regularly sinuate apical margin. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 13L. Aedeagus (Fig. 16F) with broad median lobe projecting beyond the apices of the parameres, parameres slightly broader than the median lobe; apical margin of median lobe with projection directed ventrad in lateral view.
Female. Elytra distinctly longer than in male, with inner part of posterior margin distinctly produced, forming a distinct angle. Microsculpture more distinct, consisting of short, irregular, transverse or rhomboid meshes. Apical lobes of tergite VIII (Fig. 19D) almost fused, forming a smooth to sinuate apical margin, lateral angles each with one pair of long setae. Fimbriate median lobes of sternite VIII (Fig. 20M) completely fused, sublateral lobes slightly longer than median one.
Etymology. The specific name is a combination of the prefix "para" and "hercules" (noun in apposition). It alludes to the similarity of this species to T. hercules.
Remarks. Males of this new species are similar to those of T. hercules, they can be separated from T. hercules by the different shape of the apical emargination of sternite VII, and by the size of the parameres. Females are distinguished by the shape of the apical margin of tergite VIII.  Body (Figs 7A, 7B) dark brown; mouthparts, segments I-IV of antennae, elytra and legs reddish brown.
Male. Posterior margin of sternite VII (Figs 9M,10M) with broad, shallow median emargination, apical margin bent ventrad, with large area of coarse granules. Tergite VIII (Fig. 12D) with apical lobes almost fused, forming sinuate apical margin. Sternite VIII as in Fig. 14A. Aedeagus (Fig. 17A) similar to that of T. linzhiensis, with short median lobe and long parameres. Parameres projecting beyond the apex of the median lobe by one third of the length of the median lobe.
Female. Elytra only slightly longer than in male, posterior margin broadly rounded, with distinct sutural emargination. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 19E) similar to that of T. linzhiensis. Sternite VIII (Fig. 20N) with fimbriate median lobes separated by a shallow emargination. Median lobes slightly longer than sublateral ones.
Etymology. The specific name (adjective) is a combination of the Latin prefix "para" and "linzhiensis", alluding to the similarity of this species to T. linzhiensis.
Remarks. Males are distinguished from those of the other species of the group by the strongly elongate parameres of the aedeagus. Females are distinguished from those of all other species except T. linzhiensis by the shape of tergite VIII, from T. linzhiensis by the separate fimbriate lobes of sternite VIII.  Body (Figs 7C,7D) black; head, antennomeres V-XI, pronotum, disc of elytra and abdomen black; posterior margin of elytra, posterior margin of posterior abdominal tergites and legs reddish brown. Mouthparts and basal four antennomeres sometimes brownish.

Tachinus
Head slightly transverse, HW : PW = 0.53-0.64 (0.61), surface with fine and sparse punctation, sometimes invisible between microsculpture, microsculpture very distinct, consisting of irregular meshes on disc, of more transvers meshes on posterior portion. Ocular setae fine but distinct. Antennomeres X shorter than wide.
Abdomen with punctation coarser than that of head, microsculpture consisting of transverse striae or meshes.
Female. Elytra distinctly longer than in male, posterior margin broadly rounded, weakly produced near sutural angle. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 19F) with sinuate posterior margin, lateral angles each with only one long seta. Fimbriate median lobes of sternite VIII (Fig. 20O) separated by shallow emargination, median lobes distinctly longer than sublateral ones. Etymology. The species is named after Zi-Wei Yin (Shanghai), for his various help during this study.
Remarks. Males of this species can bes eparated from those of the other species by the aedeagal median lobe with broad ear-shaped apical projections. Females are distinguished by the sinuate posterior margin and the chaetotaxy of the lateral angles (each with only one long seta) of tergite VIII, from those of T. maderianus by the shape of the sutural angle of the elytra.

Key to males (excluding T. maderi)
1 Lateral margins of pronotum broadly yellow (Figs 3C,4C,4D). Sternite VII with comb-like setae at sides of posterior margin (Figs 9F,9H). Sternite VIII with less distinctly produced median portion of anterior margin, emargination at posterior margin deep, bell-shaped ( Parameres forming a V, oblique, combined width greater than that of median lobe, reaching apex of median lobe (Fig. 15D) Parameres broad, 1.7 times as wide as basal part of median lobe (Fig. 17B) Parameres with basal portion of reduced length, shorter than 1/3 of median lobe (Fig. 15A) Lateral margins of pronotum broadly yellowish brown, distinctly contrasting with the dark disc (Figs 3C,3D,4C,4D). Median lobe of tergite VIII separated from lateral lobes by deep incision or suture (Fig. 18H, 18F). Median lobes of sternite VIII long and slender, distinctly separated by a deep emargination (Figs 20H,20F Lateral margins of pronotum not or only narrowly paler than disc. Median and lateral lobes of tergite VIII more or less fused, at most separated apically (Figs 18G or 19E Posterior margin of tergite VIII sinuate and distinctly emarginate at middle, postero-lateral angles of tergite VIII broadly rounded (Fig. 19D). Fimbriate median lobes of sternite VIII fused (Fig. 20M)