Corresponding author: Crystal A. Maier (
Academic editor: P. Bouchard
The species of the riffle beetle subfamily Larainae occurring in Venezuela are revised. Examination of 756 specimens yielded 22 species in nine genera occurring throughout the country. Seven species are newly recorded from the country:
Los escarabajos de la subfamilia Larainae de Venezuela son revisados. Se examinaron 756 especimenes, se reportan 22 especies en nueve géneros. Siete especies son nuevos registros para el pais –
The
Currently, there are 27 genera of laraines described, with eleven of these known from the Neotropical Region. Most work on the Neotropical fauna has been relatively recent, with
Recent fieldwork to Venezuela has yielded a large volume of laraine specimens (756 individuals) that were unidentifiable to species using current literature. I assembled material from other collections, including types, and discovered several more new species in that material. Herein I describe all of the new species found on these and prior expeditions, record several new distribution records for Venezuela, and present a key to species of
Specimens were examined using an Olympus SZX7 dissecting microscope at various magnifications, from 8–56× magnification and described following terminology from
The genitalia were extracted from relaxed specimens through the caudal opening in the abdomen. The genitalia were then cleared in heated potassium hydroxide for thirty minutes, rinsed with water, and temporarily mounted in glycerin gelatin (
Label information in the material examined is quoted exactly from the original labels, with quotations (“…”) indicating breaks between labels and semicolons (;) indicating line breaks. Where label data are ambiguous or incorrect, interpretations of label data are given in brackets ([...]).
Specimens are deposited in the following collections:
Jan Kodada Collection, Bratislava, Slovakia
Fedor Čiampor Collection, Bratislava, Slovakia
Michael A. Ivie Collection, University of Montana, Bozeman, Montana, USA
La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola Maracay, Venezuela
National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
This genus can be distinguished from all other genera of
Members of this genus occur in Central and South America, as far north as Costa Rica and as far south as Cuzco, Peru (
For complete description and genitalia illustrations see
This species of
This species varies slightly in size and coloration, from dark brown to nearly black. Additionally, the last abdominal ventrite of the male is notched, while the last abdominal ventrite of the female is slightly sinuate, and the elytral apices of the female are more acute than those of the male (see
Previously,
No other laraine species were collected with
For complete description and genitalia illustrations see
This species varies slightly in color and size, from a medium to dark brown. Females do not possess the patch of setae apicoventrally on the protibiae, and instead bear setae that resemble those of the other legs.
Previously, this species was only known from a single specimen collected at blacklight trap in Pastaza Province, Ecuador. Somewhat surprisingly, this species is quite common in streams in the Mérida Andes of Venezuela above 1000m elevation, and seems to prefer stream margins (
A single species of
For complete description and genitalia illustrations, see
Members of this species vary slightly in size and color, from a reddish-brown to medium brown, and in total length from 6.6–7.6 mm. The female differs from the male in having slightly produced elytral apices and a rounded apical abdominal ventrite (see
Previously,
No other laraine species were collected with
Species of
Often,
Only a single species of
This species most closely resembles
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin straight; angle on each side acute; lateral angles of clypeus with dense tuft of golden setae. Labrum with anterior margin entire and broadly rounded, covered with setae approximately twice as long as setae on head; lateral margins of clypeus with thick brush of curly, dark brown setae. Eyes hemispherical, narrowed posteriorly and bordered by long black curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye. Antenna pubescent, filiform; basal antennomeres I and II testaceous ventrally, with dense recumbent setae and long, dark brown setae (
Pronotum 0.8 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; with strong sublateral groove; lateral margins slightly sinuate; anterolateral angles square, not explanate; base of pronotum slightly sinuate and with broad lobe medially; posterolateral angles square, slightly explanate, declivous, depressed adjacent to each angle; discal area with fine, dense punctures, punctures separated by a distance equal to or less than their diameter; cuticle microreticulate (
Legs long and slender, dark brown (
Elytron with ten rows of fine punctures; punctures separated by a distance three to four times the diameter of the puncture; intervals with short, dense, recumbent pubescence and sparse erect setae; humeral area swollen (
Abdomen with five ventrites (
This species varies slightly in color, length (3.1–3.3 mm), and degree of setation.
This species is named “dentitibialis”, meaning “toothed tibia” to describe the protibia, which has an excavation for reception of the tarsus and an apical tooth.
This species is only known from the type locality at Guayabita Creek, near Turmero, Aragua State, Venezuela (
No other
Holotype Male. Body elongate, subparallel, dorsum moderately convex. Length, 4.5 mm; greatest width, 1.1 mm. Body dark brown dorsally; venter dark brownish black (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin straight; angle on each side square; lateral angles of clypeus with dense turt of golden setae. Labrum with anterior margin entire and broadly rounded; labrum expanded laterally, covered with setae approximately three times as long as setae on head; lateral margins of clypeus with thick brush of curly, golden setae. Eyes hemispherical, narrowed posteriorly and bordered by long black curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye. Antenna pubescent, clubbed; basal antennomeres I and II testaceous ventrally, with dense recumbent setae and long, dark brown setae (
Pronotum 1.0 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; with strong sublateral groove; lateral margins slightly sinuate; anterolateral angles square, not explanate; base of pronotum slightly sinuate and with broad lobe medially; posterolateral angles obtuse, slightly explanate, declivous, depressed adjacent to each angle; discal area with fine, dense punctures, punctures separated by a distance equal to or less than their diameter; cuticle microreticulate (
Legs long and slender, dark brown (
Elytron with ten rows of fine punctures; punctures separated by a distance three to four times the diameter of the puncture; intervals with short, dense, iridescent pubescence; humeral area swollen (
Abdomen with five ventrites. First three ventrites broadly, deeply depressed and distinctly carinate adjacent to metacoxae; carinae extending longitudinally behind metacoxae for almost entire length of first ventrite; cuticle densely covered with short, recumbent setae. Last ventrite deeply and broadly emarginate. Aedeagus distinctive, with two small notches at tip (“can-opener” apex), parameres reaching more than halfway up length of aedeagus.
This species varies slightly in color, length (4.0–4.3 mm), and degree of setation.
This species is named “falconensis” in reference to the type locality in Falcón State, Venezuela.
This species was collected in association with
Holotype Male. Body elongate, subparallel, dorsum moderately convex. Length, 4.3 mm; greatest width, 1.5 mm. Body dark brown dorsally; venter dark brownish black (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin slightly concave; angle on each side acute. Labrum with anterior margin entire and gently concave; angle on each side acute, with row of dense, long golden setae. Eyes hemispherical, narrowed posteriorly and bordered by long black curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye. Antenna pubescent, clubbed; basal antennomeres I and II medium to light brown, with long setae, longer than width of segments, and dense recumbent setae; antennal club very loose, just slightly thickened towards apex (
Pronotum 1.1 mm long, 1.0 mm wide; with weak sublateral groove; lateral margins slightly sinuate; anterolateral angles obtuse, slightly explanate; base of pronotum slightly sinuate and with broad lobe medially; posterolateral angles obtuse, slightly explanate, declivous, depressed adjacent to each angle (
Legs long and slender, dark brown (
Elytron with ten rows of fine punctures; punctures separated by a distance three to four times the diameter of the puncture; intervals with fine, golden, dense pubescence; humeral area swollen (
Abdomen with five ventrites (
This species varies slightly in color, length (3.9–4.2 mm, and degree of setation.
This species is named in honor of Dr. Oliver S. Flint and Mrs. Carol M. Flint who collected the specimens.
This species is only known from the mountains to the West of the Rio Chama valley near Ejido and Mérida, Mérida State, Venezuela, specifically, at Rio Montealban (
The laraine elmid species
Holotype Male. Body elongate, subparallel, dorsum moderately convex. Length, 4.2 mm; greatest width, 1.5 mm. Body dark brown dorsally (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin straight; angle on each side square. Labrum with anterior margin entire and gently rounded; angle on each side obtuse, covered with setae approximately twice as long as setae on head. Eyes hemispherical, narrowed posteriorly and bordered by long black curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye, setae not as prominent as in other species. Antenna pubescent, clubbed; basal antennomeres I and II medium to light brown, with dense recumbent setae and dense brushy light brown setae, lacking long setae (
Pronotum 1.1 mm long, 1.0 mm wide; with strong sublateral groove (
Legs long and slender, dark brown. Procoxae and metacoxae moderately widely separated; mesocoxae slightly more widely separated. Protibia lacking excavation for reception of tarsi, lacking apical tooth. Protarsus of male expanded apicomedially. Mesotibiae of male with medial pubescent area long; lateral pubescent area only at extreme base; with fine, short, nearly longitudinal carina on inner apex. Tarsal claws long and stout, light brown. Metafemur of male with internal glabrous patch.
Elytron with ten rows of fine punctures; punctures separated by a distance three to four times the diameter of the puncture; intervals with short, dense pubescence; humeral area swollen (
Abdomen with five ventrites. First three ventrites broadly, shallowly depressed and distinctly carinate adjacent to metacoxae; carinae extending longitudinally behind metacoxae for almost entire length of first ventrite; cuticle densely covered with short, recumbent setae. Last ventrite deeply and broadly emarginate. Aedeagus unique in configuration, acute, with row of small teeth at apex; parameres long, extending past halfway up aedeagus (
This species varies slightly in color, length (4.1–5.1 mm), and degree of setation.
The specific epithet, “homaeotarsoides” is a reference to the third ventrite of the female, which bears resemblance to the abdominal ventrite 4 of the male in the rove beetle (
This species is known only from the type locality at Rio Yameduaca in Amazonas State, Venezuela (
This species can be distinguished from all other
Holotype Male. Body elongate, subparallel, dorsum moderately convex (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin truncate; angle on each side broadly rounded. Labrum with anterior margin entire and gently arcuate; angle on each side broadly rounded, with row of dense, long golden setae. Eyes hemispherical, narrowed posteriorly and bordered by long black curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye. Antenna pubescent, filiform, nearly serrate (
Pronotum 1.2 mm long, 1.1 mm wide; lacking sublateral groove (
Legs long and slender, dark brown (
Elytron with ten rows of fine punctures; punctures separated by a distance three to four times the diameter of the puncture; intervals with fine, short, dense pubescence; humeral area moderately swollen (
Abdomen with five ventrites (
This species varies slightly from black to dark brown in color. There are differences in size (2.5– 2.9 mm TL) and slight differences in punctation and setation.
This species is named “inflatus” for the distinct elytra, which appear inflated posteriorly.
This species is only known from specimens collected on an expedition by the University of Puerto Rico in 1950. They were collected at one locality from the upper Rio Cunucunuma in Amazonas State, Venezuela, north of Cerro Duida (
For a complete description and illustrations of genitalia, see
This species varies slightly from black to dark brown in color, additionally, there may be slight variation in the greenish iridescence of the elytral setae.
While no other species of
This genus can be distinguished from all other laraine genera by its small size (ca. 4.5 mm), and the presence of a shallow, wide, V-shaped groove across apical third of the pronotum, which lacks strong gibbosities or protuberances (
Currently,
From
Water quality data obtained by using colorimetric analyses of the brook at the type-locality are as follows; pH: 4, hardness: 0, oxygen: 9 ppm. The air temperature was 21°C and the water temperature was 17°C when the analyses were made.”
For complete species descriptions and genitalia illustrations, see
This species can be distinguished from all other species of
This species is known only from the type locality at a small, tannic stream flowing in degraded forest at Sierra de Lema, Gran Sabana, Venezuela (
This species was described in a recent paper by
See
“VENEZUELA: T. F. AMAZ. [Amazonas State]; Cerro de la Neblina; Camp XI 1450 m;
This species can be distinguished from all other described laraines by the following combination of characters: small size (ca. 4.5 mm), the presence of a shallow, wide, V-shaped groove across apical third of the pronotum (
This species exhibits only minor variations in length, which ranges from 4.2 to 4.5 mm, and varies from a medium brown to light brown in color. Additionally, the parameres can be straight to slightly curved.
This species is known only from the type locality at Cerro de Neblina, Amazonas State, Venezuela (
The Cerro de Neblina endemic species
Based on the collecting events of specimens examined,
For complete species descriptions and genitalia illustrations, see
This species varies slightly in size (5.5–6.6 mm) and in coloration – from dark brown to black.
This species is associated the Mount Roraima endemic species
For complete species description and genitalia illustrations see
This species varies slightly in size (6.0–6.3mm) and in coloration – from dark brown to black.
This species appears to be endemic to Cerro de Neblina, and is restricted to the highlands, unlike its congener,
This species is associated with the other, highly unusual, Cerro de Neblina endemic,
This genus is known from Manaus, Amazonas State, in the Amazon river basin in Brazil and from Tobogan de la Selva, Amazonas State, in the Orinoco River drainage in Venezuela, and probably occur throughout the Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil. There have also been literature reports of
The genus
In Venezuela, this species has only been collected at a single locality, Caño Coromoto, at El Tobogan de la Selva (
No other species in
This species will be described in a later publication.
This genus can be distinguished from all other genera of
For complete redescription and genitalia illustrations, see
This species varies a great deal in color and size, from 2.0–2.7 mm in size, and from dark brown to medium brown in color. Occasional specimens can have a reddish cast, but this is rare.
The range of
The habitat of
Numerous species of aquatic
For complete redescription and genitalia illustrations, see
Slight variations in size (2.1–2.5 mm) and color (light to dark brown) are common in
This species has previously only been known from the Lesser Antilles, but is actually widespread in Venezuela, found throughout Western Venezuela in the Mérida Andes and the coastal ranges (
Holotype male. Body elongate, sub-parallel, moderately convex (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture deep and curved. Labrum with anterior margin entire and gently rounded, narrower than clypeus; angle on each side obtuse, covered with setae approximately twice as long as setae on head. Eyes protruding only slightly laterally; separated by a distance about 3x the eye-width; bordered by short dark brown curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye, setae not as prominent as in other genera. Antenna 11 segmented, densely pubescent, slightly clubbed; basal two antennomeres with dense, medium-brown, brushy setae, thicker in width than proceeding antennomeres, with dense recumbent setae and dense brushy light brown setae. Antennal club of six antennomeres, compact, wide, quite thickened towards apex. Antennae very short, just barely reaching transverse groove of pronotum. Apical five antennomeres reddish-brown, with dense recumbent setae. Apical antennomere rounded.
Pronotum overall smooth, 1.6x as wide as long; widest at basal third; anterior width roughly two thirds the posterior width; anterior margin strongly convex over base of head; base tri-sinuate (
Elytra more than 3.4x as long as pronotum; lateral margins slightly sinuate; humeri and base adjacent to scutellum slightly gibbous; lateral margins smooth; apex smoothly rounded. Each elytron with 10 coarse striae formed by a row of large, coarse punctures separated by more than three times their diameter; striae slightly impressed becoming narrower and more shallow towards the apex; strial punctures coarse basally, becoming progressively finer towards apex; striae 3 and 4 not converging sub-apically; intervals flat (
Legs thin and short. Pro-, meso- and metatibiae lacking fringe of tomentum. Protibia glabrous ventrally, tomentose dorsally. Mesotibia with short basal setose patch and short apical setose patch (
Abdomen with five ventrites, all ventrites pubescent, covered with fine, golden setae (
This species varies slightly in color, from dark reddish-brown to medium reddish-brown, length (2.7–3.5 mm), and degree of setation.
This species has only been collected at the type locality at Rio Castaño, a small river in cloud forest on the interior slopes of Henri Pittier National Park, in Aragua State, Venezuela (
This species is named
(Not Assigned to species – all female, likely new species).
The genus
This species can be distinguished from all other species of
Holotype male. Body elongate, sub-parallel, moderately convex. Total length 3.3 mm, greatest width 1.3 mm. Cuticle dark brown, base of maxillary palpus, six basal antennomeres, femora, and tarsi testaceous (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin truncate. Fronto-clypeal suture deep and slightly curved. Labrum with anterior margin entire and straight; angle on each side rounded, covered with golden setae approximately twice as long as setae on head. Eyes protruding only slightly laterally; separated by a distance about three times the eye-width; bordered by long dark brown curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye, setae not as prominent as in other genera. Antenna 11 segmented, pubescent, slightly clubbed; basal two antennomeres with long, brown, hair-like setae, thicker in width than proceeding antennomeres, with dense recumbent setae and dense brushy light brown setae (
Pronotum heavily sculptured, wider than long (1.1 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively); widest at basal third; anterior width two thirds the posterior width; anterior margin strongly convex over base of head; base tri-sinuate (
Elytra more than three times as long as pronotum; lateral margins slightly sinuate; humeri and base adjacent to scutellum strongly gibbous; lateral margins smooth; apex rounded (
Legs thin and short. Pro-, meso- and metatibiae with very short fringe of tomentum extending from about mid-tibia to nearly the tip. Surface of legs entirely pubescent, including mesotibiae. Mesotibia with small glabrous patch basally. Apical tarsomere of all legs with glabrous patch dorsally.
Abdomen with five ventrites. First ventrite distinctly carinate adjacent to metacoxae; carinae extending longitudinally behind metacoxae for almost entire length of first ventrite; cuticle densely covered with short, recumbent setae (
This species varies slightly in color, from dark brown to medium brown, length (3.5–4.1 mm), and degree of setation.
The specific epithet “
This species is limited to the type locality at Cascada Velo de la Novia and from a nearby stream 12 km southeast of Santo Domingo, in Mérida State, Venezuela (
No other laraine species were collected with
This species can be distinguished from all other species of
Holotype male. Body elongate, sub-parallel, moderately convex. Total length 3.7 mm, greatest width 1.6 mm. Cuticle dark reddish-brown, base of maxillary palpus, six basal antennomeres, femora, and tarsi lighter reddish-brown (
Head moderately coarsely, densely punctate; punctures separated by their diameter; cuticle microreticulate. Clypeus with anterior margin rounded. Fronto-clypeal suture deep and curved. Labrum with anterior margin entire and gently rounded; angle on each side obtuse, covered with setae approximately twice as long as setae on head. Eyes protruding only slightly laterally; separated by a distance about 3.5x the eye-width; bordered by long dark brown curved setae (“eyelashes”) that arise near dorsal and ventral sides of eyes and extend toward middle of eye, setae not as prominent as in other genera. Antenna eleven segmented, pubescent, slightly clubbed; basal two antennomeres with long, brown, hair-like setae, thicker in width than proceeding antennomeres, with dense recumbent setae and dense brushy light brown setae. Antennal club of six antennomeres, compact, thickened towards apex (
Pronotum heavily sculptured, as wide as long (0.9 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively); widest at basal third; anterior width two thirds the posterior width; anterior margin strongly convex over base of head; base tri-sinuate (
Elytra more than three times as long as pronotum; lateral margins slightly sinuate; humeri and base adjacent to scutellum strongly gibbous; lateral margins smooth; apex rounded. Each elytron with ten coarse striae formed by a row of large punctures well separated by more than three times their diameter; striae slightly impressed becoming narrower and more shallow towards the apex; strial punctures coarse basally, becoming progressively finer towards apex; striae 3 and 4 converging sub-apically; intervals flat (
Legs thin and short (
Abdomen with five ventrites. First ventrite distinctly carinate adjacent to metacoxae; carinae extending longitudinally behind metacoxae for almost entire length of first ventrite; cuticle densely covered with short, recumbent setae (
This species varies slightly in color, from dark reddish-brown to medium reddish-brown, length (3.5–4.2 mm), and degree of setation.
No other laraine species were collected with
See
This species can be distinguished from all other species of
This species varies slightly in color, from dark brown to medium brown, and size, from 3.1–3.5 mm.
This species is found on roots in small to medium forested streams, and on roots in seeps in the Sierra de Perija in Venezuela (
This species was collected at the same sites as following taxa:
The genus
Fernandes and Hamada report
Holotype Male. “Venezuela, Bo-; livar, Kanara-; kuni 450m; 4-II-1967” “F. Fernandez Y; A.D. Asco”. Holotype deposited in MIZA.
This species can be distinguished from all other species of
Elongate, subparallel, moderately convex dorsally (
Head finely, densely punctate; punctures separated by distance equal to about half their diameter. Eyes large, hemispherical. Clypeus shallowly arcuately emarginate anteriorly. Labrum, especially on anterior half, densely punctate; anterior margin shallowly and broadly emarginate, and densely fringed with long, fine, golden, hair-like setae; anterolateral angles rounded and greatly expanded laterally.
Pronotum widest at base; length, 1.5 mm; width, 1.7 mm; sides arcuate; anterolateral angles obtuse, with distinct constriction posterolaterally of each angle resulting from deep transverse impression across apical third of pronotum (
Prosternum very short in front of procoxae. Prosternal process wide, elongate, apex with median process extending posteriorly further than sides (
Legs long and slender. Procoxae and metacoxae moderately widely separated; mesocoxae slightly more widely separated (
Elytron with 10 rows of fine, nearly confluent punctures, punctures separated by a distance less than their diameter; intervals finely densely punctate, punctures separated by distance about equal to their diameter and obscured by dense pubescence; humeral area strongly tumid; sides of elytra distinctly margined and almost parallel; apex slightly dehiscent, evenly arcuate laterally and terminating in a pointed, upturned apex (
Metaventrite and first abdominal ventrite broadly and moderately impressed. First abdominal ventrite with distinct, but poorly defined carinae between metacoxae (less so than in other genera) (
This species varies slightly in color from dark brown to black and size, (6.0 mm–6.8 mm).
This species is named “
This species has been found in rivers at lower elevations (<500m) throughout the Guiana Shield region in Venezuela, and presumably occurs in northern Brazil and Western Guyana as well (
This species has been found in association with
See species account for habitat information.
For complete species description and genitalia illustrations see
“SE-Venezuela, Bolívar state, Mt. Roraima; the stream below the waterfall on the south-west face of the Mt. Roraima; which crosses a tourist pathway to Mt. Roraima plateau; ca. 2000 m a.s.l, 3. Feb. 1999” (1 Holotype, NMW).
This species can be distinguished from all other laraine
This species is known only from the high elevation type locality.
The unusual species
1 | Body size smaller, length 2.5 to 5.1 mm | 2 |
1' | Body size larger, length 5.2 to 10.1 mm | 16 |
2 (1) | Ventral surface covered with a thick, silvery mat of setae ( |
|
2' | Ventral surface setose ( |
3 |
3 (2') | Pronotum with a deep transverse groove across apical third; body length longer (2.8–5.1 mm) ( |
8 |
3' | Pronotum without a transverse groove, or with a shallow, wide, V-shaped groove across apical third; body length shorter (less than 4.5 mm) ( |
4 |
4 (3') | Pronotum with a shallow, wide, V-shaped groove across apical third ( |
5 |
4' | Pronotum without a transverse groove ( |
6 |
5 (4) | Elytral apices produced; body size small (TL 3.9–4.2 mm); phallobase ca. 0.6× as long as median lobe; parameres short, ca. 0.67× as long as median lobe | |
5' | Elytral apices rounded; body size large (TL 4.2–4.5 mm); phallobase ca. 0.45× as long as median lobe; parameres long, ca. 0.85x as long as median lobe | |
6 (4') | Pronotum with narrow anterolateral angles, angles not explanate ( |
|
6' | Pronotum with wide anterolateral angles, angles are explanate ( |
7 |
7 (6') | Body size large, length 3.0–3.5 mm; reddish in color; pronotum 1.6x as wide as long ( |
|
7' | Body size smaller, length 2.1–2.5 mm; brown in color, pronotum 1.4× as wide as long ( |
|
8 (3) | Pronotum with a median groove and without small prescutellar foveae; anterolateral angles of pronotum rounded ( |
9 |
8' | Pronotum without a median groove and with two small prescutellar foveae; anterolateral angles of pronotum declivous ( |
11 |
9 (8) | Body size small, length less than 3.5 mm; color dark brown ( |
|
9' | Body size large, length greater than 3.5 mm; color dark brown to reddish-brown ( |
10 |
10 (9') | Color dark brown; male genitalia (aedeagus + phallobase) narrow (6x as long as wide) ( |
|
10' | Color reddish-brown; male genitalia (aedeagus + phallobase) wide (3.7× as long as wide) ( |
|
11 (8') | Dorsal habitus with iridescent setae, making the dorsum appear to have a green-gold sheen ( |
12 |
11' | Dorsal habitus lacking iridescent setae ( |
13 |
12 (11) | Pronotum with postero-median depression ( |
|
12' | Pronotum without distinct postero-median depression ( |
|
13 (11') | Posterior margin of penultimate abdominal ventrite of female with median projection ( |
14 |
13' | Posterior margin of penultimate abdominal ventrite of female straight, lacking median projection ( |
15 |
14 (13) | Elytra appearing swollen posteriorly in lateral view ( |
|
14' | Elytra not appearing swollen in lateral view ( |
|
15 (13') | Scutellum convex in lateral aspect; elytral apices of female extended to a long point apically (moderately so in both sexes) ( |
|
15' | Scutellum flat in lateral aspect; elytral apices of female not extended to a long point apically ( |
|
16 (1') | Elytron with distinct longitudinal carinae ( |
|
16' | Elytron without distinct longitudinal carinae ( |
17 |
17 (16') | Pronotum with a distinct transverse groove across apical third | 20 |
17' | Pronotum without a transverse groove across apical third ( |
18 |
18 (17') | Protibiae of male with dense patch of long, curly setae ( |
|
18' | Protibiae of male with short, flat setae, similar to setation on entire body ( |
19 |
19 (18') | Metatibiae of male nearly entirely glabrous, sometimes with a small patch of setae basally ( |
|
19' | Metatibiae of male almost entirely pubescent, with a small glabrous patch apically ( |
|
20 (17) | Pronotum with a lateral longitudinal carina or arcuate-sinuate groove on basal third; Pronotum with two short, converging, prescutellar carinae, each with a deep pit laterally ( |
21 |
20' | Pronotum without a carina or arcuate-sinuate groove on basal third ( |
|
21 (20) | Pronotum with two prescutellar mammiform tubercles at base and one similar tubercle near each posterolateral angle, thus appearing bidentate ( |
|
21' | Pronotum with two short, converging, prescutellar carinae, each with a deep pit laterally ( |
The author thank the curators at institutions that loaned specimens; Jan Kodada, for providing specimens of