Corresponding author: Michael W. Hastriter (
Academic editor: L. Penev
During May 2009 and July 2011, we collected 357 mammals and examined each for ectoparasites. Among the ectoparasites collected, a new species of flea was discovered. This new species,
During May 2009 and July 2011, we collected 357 mammals representing 57 species from the Philippines and examined each for ectoparasites. All but one of these mammals were collected from the island of Luzon in the northern Philippines. One bat was collected on the island of Negros in the southern Philippines. Bat flies in the families
Mammals and their ectoparasites were surveyed at 12 field sites on the island of Luzon (
Sampling locations on the island of Luzon (n = number of mammals examined at each site). Stars indicate the location of ascodipterons and fleas discussed in this paper.
Philippines, Luzon Island, Aurora Province: Sitio Minoli, Municipality San Louis (
Only one
Philippines, Luzon Island, Cagayan Province: Mt. Cagua 2, Magrafil Barangay (
Cysts containing neosomes of
Philippines, Luzon Island, Aurora Province: Sitio Minoli, Municipality San Louis (
The two populations of
None of the three species on which
Philippines, Luzon Island, Ilocos Norte Province, Adams village, Mt. Pao, (
Philippines, Negros Island, Mt. Bungal, Northern Negros Natural Park (
Holotype male (P2316), Philippines, Luzon Island, Aurora Province: Camp 1, Municipality Maria Aurora (
Female unknown. Male easily distinguished from all species except
Numbers of setae described indicate only one side unless otherwise stated. Head (
The new species bears the name of the country from which it was collected.
Seven species of
l | Pronotum with one row of setae | 2 |
1’ | Pronotum with two rows of setae (anterior row may only be comprised of one or two small setae dorsally) | 7 |
2(1) | Males | 3 |
2’ | Females | 5 |
3(2) | Spiniform setae on ventroapical margin of the distal arm of S-IX appear grouped in a dense patch (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) |
|
3’ | Spiniform setae dispersed evenly in a row | 4 |
4(3’) | Ventroapical margin of distal arm of S-IX flat in lateral aspect (Tanzania, Zaire) |
|
4’ | Ventroapical margin convexly rounded (China) |
|
5(2’) | Middle lobe on caudal margin of S-VII large and acutely triangular (China) |
|
5’ | Middle lobe smaller and not acutely triangular | 6 |
6(5’) | Caudal margin of S-VII with strongly lobed ventral lobe; several setae on lobe (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) |
|
6’ | Lobe weakly indicated; setae clearly not present on weak lobe (Tanzania, Zaire) |
|
7(1’) | Males | 8 |
7’ | Females (females of |
11 |
8(7) | Combination of a substantial spur at the base and dorsal surface of the sclerotized inner tube (s.i.t.) and the width of the distal half of the crochet no wider than the width of the s.i.t. (Luzon, Philippines) | |
8’ | Sclerotized inner tube with, or without spur; if spur is present, distal half of crochet is distinctly wider than s.i.t. | 9 |
9(8’) | Stiva of telomere with an angular bulge (near right angle) at dorsoapical angle; not rounded as usual (Japan) |
|
9’ | Stiva without angular bulge; evenly rounded | 10 |
10(9’) | Pronotal ctenidia arranged close together and not noticeably reflexed upward towards their apices (Malaysia, Vietnam) |
|
10’ | Pronotal ctenidia separated slightly; diverging towards apices (Borneo) |
|
11(7’) | Caudal margin of S-VII without distinct sinus (Malaysia, Vietnam) |
|
11’ | Caudal margin of S-VII with deep sinus (as deep as wide) | 12 |
12(11’) | Undulate dorsal lobe on caudal margin of S-VII with single subtending sinus (Borneo) |
|
12’ | Dorsal lobe subtended by two sinuses, each separated by a lobe (Japan) |
|
We thank N. Antoque, J. A. Cantil, K. Dittmar, S. Knutie, V. Tkach, S. Villa, and J. Esselstyn for assistance in collecting specimens used in this study. We also express our appreciation to J. Esselstyn for providing crucially important mammal identifications. To Scott Villa we are indebted for his permission to use the parasitized bat wing images that he photographed on-site. This study was partially funded by NSF 0743491, Biotic Survey & Inventories to R. Brown, S. E. Bush, D. H. Clayton, and R. G. Moyle.