Pupae; dorsal aspect (1, 3), ventral aspect (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13), lower part in dorsal aspect (5a), lower part in ventral aspect (8a), upper part in dorsal aspect (11a, 12a), upper part in lateral aspect (5b, 6a, 11b, 12b), cuticular projection (2a, 6b, 13a), microstructure of the head (2b) 1–2b Acylophorus wagenschieberi 3, 4 Astrapaeus ulmi 5–5b Ontholestes murinus 6–6b Staphylinus erythropterus 7 Creophilus maxillosus, tibiae I and II and antenna 8a, b Ocypus fulvipennis 9 Tasgius melanarius 10 Neobisnius villosulus 11a, b Philonthus decorus 12a, b P. succicola 13, 13a Rabigus tenuis. Abbreviations: An antenna, As atrophied spiracle, BL body length, BW body width, El elytra, Fs functional spiracle, Fti fore tibia, H head, HL head length, Hti hind tibia, HW head width, K knee, Li labium, Lr labrum, Md mandible, Mp maxillary palp, Ms mesonotum, Mt metanotum, Mti mid tibia, P pronotum, Pr protuberance, PW pronotum width, Sp setiform projection, St sternite, Tr tergite, W wing.