On five species of the tribes Abacetini and Pterostichini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Abstract Metabacetus willi sp. n. (type locality: Indonesia, Central Java Province, Purworejo Regency, Kaligesing District, cave Seplawan near Donorejo) and Rhytiferonia beroni sp. n. (type locality: Papua New Guinea, West Sepik Province, Bonforok bil, Tifalmin, 1600 m) are described. Two new combinations: Poecilus (Ancholeus) campania (Andrewes, 1937), comb. n. of Feronia campania Andrewes, 1937, Aristochroa poecilma (Andrewes, 1937), comb. n. of Feronia poecilma Andrewes, 1937, and a new synonymy: Pterostichus (Oreophilus) podgoricensis B. Guéorguiev, 2013, syn. n. of Pterostichus (Oreophilus) flavofemoratus pinguis (Dejean, 1828), are proposed, too.


Introduction
This paper announces results achieved by the author during the work with the carabid collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia and in a visit in the Natural History Museum, London in 2009. In the first institution, we found out two new species among the materials collected by the former director of the museum Petar Beron in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. In the second institution, we revised the types of two species described in the genus Feronia Latreille, 1816 by Herbert Andrewes (Andrewes 1937). These species were described on female specimens and had never been reviewed. In addition, we announce a synonymy of species described recently by ourselves (Guéorguiev 2013).

Material and methods
Except for the above mentioned material, a few other species have been studied. They are listed in the text below.
The measurements and part of drawings were made with an ocular micrometer mounted on a stereoscopic binocular microscope Olympus SZ 60. Another part of the drawings were done with a stereoscopic microscope Carl Zeiss Jena Technival 2.
Measurements: body length from the apex of the longer mandible in closed position to the apex of the longer elytron (BL); body width as maximum distance across body (BW); maximum linear distance across the head, including the eyes (HW); length of pronotum, measured along the midline, from the apical margin to the basal margin (PL); maximum width of pronotum (PW); width of the pronotal apex, between the tips of the fore angles (PaW); width of the pronotal base, between the tips of the hind angles (PbW); length of elytra, from a line connecting the apices of the humeral angles to the apex of the longer elytron (EL); maximum width of elytra (EW). The distribution maps were generated using the online mapping software Sim-pleMappr (©David P. Shorthouse).  Deuve, 1990, 2♂, 1♀, "Indonesia, Sulawesi Selatan, Bantimurung Gua (Cave) Minpiovo 3.IX.1995, P.Beron leg." (NMNHS).
Diagnosis. A medium-sized, slightly iridescent species of Metabacetus ( Fig. 1), with elongate and attenuate maxillary palpi, last three segments of antennae surpassing the base of pronotum, pronotum widest just after the middle, with anterior margin much shorter than posterior one, sides much narrower anteriorly (than posteriorly), convex posteriorly, lateral fields broadened and moderately reflexed from the middle to the base and obtuse hind angles, prosternum shallowly sulcate medially near apex, apex of elytra without spines, and specific structure of the median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 2-4).
For detailed information about some measurements and ratios see Table 1. pronotal margins, and elytral epipleura paler, reddish, palpi yellowish. Microsculpture and lustre. Very fine, with transverse microreticulation, distinct on head, pronotum, elytra, and most of ventral surface, visible under magnification > 50×, indistinct on ventral side of head and middle parts of thorax and abdominal sternites; body very shiny throughout, elytra and less ventral surface with slight spectral iridescence. Head. Longer than wide, narrow in relation to pronotum; disc smooth, frontal furrows deeply impressed, oblique, divergent backward, not reach level of anterior supraorbital punctures; eyes projecting laterally, temporae as long as half diameter of eyes; two pairs of supraorbital setae; paraorbital sulci moderately deep, surpassing level of posterior supraorbital pore backward; antennae long, filiform, densely pubescent from second fourth of segment 4, with terminal three articles surpassing base of pronotum and apex of last antennomere surpassing anterior fifth of elytron; mandibles elongate, with apex pointed and slightly hooked; labrum rectangular, with six setigerous punctures on anterior margin; clypeus trapezoid, rectilinear anteriorly, with two setigerous punctures closer to lateral margins than to anterior one; glossal sclerite of ligula with two long setae on anterior margin; mentum shallowly emarginated, with simple, widely round at tip tooth, pair of labial setae, and deep labial pits, epilobes short, sub-triangular distally, slightly exceeding mentum tooth forward, mentum separated by submentum by distinct labial suture; submentum with four setae, two basal setae longer than lateral ones; maxillary palpomeres glabrous, elongate and attenuate, larger in comparison with labial palpomeres, as long as two third of head length, apical three segments nearly equal in length; labial palpi fusiform, palpomere 2 longer than palpomeres 3, with two long medial setae. Pronotum. Disc-shaped, circular, broader than long, widest just after middle; disc smooth, gently convex medially; midline fine, distinct on medial three fourth of pronotum length, obsolescent apically and basally; anterior submarginal sulcus distinct laterally, disappeared medially; anterior and posterior margins of pronotum unbordered, anterior margin scarcely concave, distinctly shorter than posterior one, with fore angles not protruding forward; posterior margin slightly convex backward, hind angles obtuse, incompletely round, not prominent; lateral margins rounded, more anteriorly than posteriorly, without sinuation towards hind angles, lateral fields broadened and moderately reflexed upward towards base, marginal beads continuous, only before hind angles obsolescent; anterolateral seta at anterior second quarter, posterolateral seta at hind angle; posterolateral impressions deep, as long as quarter of pronotum length or so. Elytra. Ovoid, wide, rather convex dorsally, slightly narrower basally, with shoulders rounded, widened toward behind as parallel-sided along anterior two thirds, widest along medial third, distinctly sinuate before apex, apices of each elytron rounded at tip; epipleurae with distinct external plicae; striae complete, deeply impressed, internal six striae feebly punctate, striae 7-9 pronouncedly punctate; parascutellar striae present, anastomosing with stria 1; scutellar setigerous pores present, on base of striae 2, slightly removed back from basal margin with distance of diameter of pore or so; basal margin complete; discal setigerous punctures absent; stria 7 with two setigerous punctures near to apex, subapical puncture larger than apical one; intervals moderately convex; umbilicate series of elytra in stria 8, shortly interrupted in middle, consist of 14 setigerous punctures. Hind wings. Welldeveloped. Ventral surface (thorax and abdomen). Prosternum and proepisterna smooth and glabrous, prosternum only shallowly sulcate medially along apex, prosternal process unbordered; mesosternum smooth, metaepisterna elongate, impunctate, longer than wide, strongly narrowed posteriorly, with wide anterior margins and very short posterior ones; metasternum smooth, only laterally with three-four large punctures from each side, deeply grooved laterally. Abdomen glabrous except one pair paramedial setae on sterna IV-VI, sternum VII with one pair sub-apical setae in males, with two pairs of sub-apical setae in females; sternum II with cluster of deep punctures laterally. Legs. Moderately slender and long; protrochanter with one seta; profemur anterior face with a few very short setae, ventral face glabrous, posterior face with three long setae, two medial and one subapical, dorsal face with three-four short setae; mesocoxa with two setae, one medial and one lateral; mesotrochanter with one distal seta; mesofemur anterior face with four long setae, two basal and two medial ones, dorsal face with 7-9 short setae arranged in one-two rows along length, posterior face with several short setae, ventral face glabrous; metacoxa with two lateral setae, one anterior and one posterior, medial transverse sulcus deep and sinuate, not reaching external coxal margin, distant from anterior margin; metatrochanter slightly shorter than half length of metafemur, with one proximal seta, elongate, apex pointed; metafemur anterior face with one basal and one medial (near ventral edge) setae, dorsal face with one rather short seta at distal third, posterior and ventral faces glabrous; structure of pro-, meta-, and metatibia, as well as of tarsomeres in accordance with that described by Will and Park (2008). Male genitalia (Figs 2-7). Median lobe of aedeagus with short and bent basal part and long apical part, apex pointed and curved down in lateral view, internal sac with field of numerous sclerotized scales, situated medially and subapically lengthwise (Figs 2-3), blade long, with margins regularly narrowed towards pointed apex in dorsal view (Fig. 4); right paramere elongate, with short triangular, basal process extended inwardly (Figs 5-6), left paramere conchoid, with massive vermiform, basal process inwardly (Fig. 7). Etymology. A noun in the genitive case. Honours Kippling Will, a notable American carabidologist, for his studies on the Pterostichitae carabids.
Distribution. So far, this species was only found in two caves in the southern part of Java Island, Indonesia ( Affinities. Due to the present knowledge of the taxonomy of the genus and its related taxa, it is difficult to identify the adelphotaxon of the new taxon or to state the most related taxa to it, moreover some unnamed species (see Will and Park 2008: 189-190, Fig. 1) await adequate examination. Based on selected features, namely moderately large size of body, slightly iridescent tegument, sides of pronotum convex posteriorly, with lateral fields broadened and moderately reflexed towards the base, prosternum shallowly sulcate medially near apex, apex of elytra without evident spines, M. willi sp. n. seems closer to M. laotinus Straneo, 1938 (Laos) and M. immarginatus s.l. (India: West Bengal and North Burma) than to the other congeners. However, the species from South Java well differs from the last two species in the presence of more elongate appendages (especially long maxillary palpi), segments IX-XI of antennae reaching beyond the base of pronotum, pronotum widest after the middle, with anterior margin much shorter than posterior one, sides much narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, and obtuse hind angles. Ecological remarks. M. willi sp. n. is the first member of the genus which can be classified as trogloxene (or troglophile). Although slight, it shows several morphological adaptations to cave-dwelling. Compared with the other congeners, its eyes are less protruding, with ommatidia less numerous, its appendages (namely, the maxillary palpi, antennomeres, and legs) a bit longer, and body less robust in sagittal plan and more flattened along the dorsoventral axis. However, the flight wings of the new species are still well-developed and it seems capable of flight. Most probably, this beetle lives not only in caves, but also on the forest floor of woodlands outside the cave systems.
Another related species, Mateuellus troglobioticus ( Fig. 9), which together with Metabacetus belongs to the same clade (Will 2006, Will andPark 2008: 190), displays predominant trilobite mode of life. For the time being, this form has been found three times in caves only (Deuve 1990, present paper).  Remarks. The study of the three females showed that they are conspecific and belong to the genus Poecilus Bonelli, 1810. According to several character states: 1/ antennal segment 3 compressed and carinate on internal margin; 2/ onychium without ventral setae; 3/ abdominal sternites 4-6 without distinct transverse furrows along base; 4/ pronotum with two basal impressions at each side, the taxon is best placed in the subgenus Ancholeus Dejean, 1828. By the structure of the body, color, and corporal dimensions, Poecilus campania seems rather similar to P. wollastoni (Wollaston, 1854). However, without a thorough revision of the taxa from Ancholeus any opinion for eventual relationship between these species will be tentative. For the time being, the P. campania is known only from Pakistan (Faisalabad; Lahore). Diagnosis. The new species is distinct from all other congeners in the following set of characters: 1) eyes moderately enclosed by temporae laterally; 2) pronotum with obtuse, somewhat perceptible basal angles, side without sinuation in front of angle; 3) posterolateral seta of pronotum slightly removed from angle; 4) elytra with parascutellar setigerous puncture, distinct parascutellar stria in interval 1, and angular base of stria 1 joining stria 2; 5) last three abdominal sterna with transverse sulci superficial, only laterally distinct.

Rhytiferonia beroni
It should be noted that the above diagnosis is based on the descriptions of the known species by Baehr (2001) as specimens of only Rhytiferonia species were used for comparison (see chapter "Examined type material of other species").
Etymology. A noun in the genitive case. Honour Dr. Petar Beron, a prominent Bulgarian zoologist, who first collected the new species.
Distribution. Papua New Guinea, Sandaun Province (= West Sepik Province), Telefomin District, Tifalmin env. (Fig. 14). For the time being, it is the first documented representative of Rhytiferonia Darlington, 1962 from Papua New Guinea.
Affinities. The new species is provisionally placed in the nigra-group, which includes R. nigra Darlington, 1962, R. iebele Darlington, 1962, and R. punctigera Baehr, 2001. Baehr (2001 associated the species from this complex due to the presence of: 1/ markedly enclosed eyes; 2/ basal angles of pronotum rounded off, without sinuation in front of them; 3/ posterolateral seta of pronotum far removed from angle; 4/ complete, deep, sharply impressed transverse sulci on three apical abdominal sterna; 5/ median lobe of aedeagus narrow, elongate, little curved medially, without spiniform sclerites near apex of internal sac. As the male genital characters of the new species are unknown, it possesses only two from the remaining four features: markedly enclosed eyes (i) and basal angles of pronotum rounded off, without sinuation in front of angles (ii). In contrast to that, R. beroni sp. n. possesses posterolateral seta of pronotum only slightly removed from basal angle and apical three abdominal sternites with superficial, distinct only laterally transverse sulci.
Remarks. P. podgoricensis has been described by the author after two specimens (Guéorguiev 2013). Then I regarded this taxon as most allied to P. flavofemoratus (Dejean, 1828) and P. spinolae (Dejean, 1828). Following the publication, two colleagues (see Acknowledgements) informed me that my species may be conspecific with P. flavofemoratus pinguis, a form that I uncritically considered synonymous with P. flavofemoratus. The study of material of P. flavofemoratus pinguis from the Pennine Alps sent me by Gianni Allegro and its comparison with P. podgoricensis showed that the two taxa are identical. (Andrewes, 1937), comb. n. http://species-id.net/wiki/Aristochroa_poecilma Feronia poecilma Andrewes, 1937: 5 ( Fairmaire, 1888, andXenion Tschitschérine, 1902. The presence of the following set of characters: 1/ anterior margin of ligula with four or more setae; 2/ elytra with intervals 1, 3, 5, and 7 wider, more or less distinctly raised and differently colored than the other intervals; 3/ terminal segment of both the maxillary and labial palpi not enlarged, revealed that the only specimen of this taxon belongs to Aristochroa.

Aristochroa poecilma
The holotype of Aristochroa poecilma was found at Nyima La, a high-mountain passage in the Nyingchi Prefecture, the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.