Corresponding author: Alan F. Burke (
Academic editor: R. Gerstmeier
Four new species of
Burke AF, Zolnerowich G (2014) Four new species of
Research in progress on
Genitalia extraction and dissection procedures are similar to those outlined by
Specimens were observed using a Leica MZ APO stereomicroscope. All measurements were made using a stereomicroscope ocular micrometer and the software Leica Application Suite v3.4.0. Images were taken using a Leica DFC 500 digital camera and stacked using Auto-Montage v4.00 by Synoptics Ltd.
The following abbreviations are used in the description of the holotypes: = Total body length = Maximum head width = Head length = Maximum pronotal width = Pronotal length = Maximum elytral width = Elytral length
Type material is deposited in the following collections:
California Academy of Science Collection, San Francisco, CA, USA
Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, DF, México
Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA
James E. Wappes Collection, San Antonio, TX, USA
Jacques Rifkind Collection, Valley Village, CA, USA
Roy F. Morris Collection, Lakeland, FL, USA
William F. Barr Museum, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
Males of
Habitus of:
Antennae of:
Male genitalia of:
Terminalia of:
First and second visible ventrites of:
Holotype. Medium-sized, rather robust, posterior wings fully developed, TL = 12.75 mm. Color: Head, pronotum, prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum ferruginous, remainder of body uniformly brown. Each elytron with two pairs of dark maculae, the first pair dark brown, located on the humeral angles, the second pair on the median region of the elytral ground, this pair extends from the second to the fifth stria (
Head: HL = 1.2 mm, HW = 2.2 mm. Measured across eyes wider than pronotum; finely, moderately punctate, vested with semirecumbent setae; surface slightly rugose; frons moderately bi-impressed; eyes large, feebly emarginate in front, rounded, bulging laterally, separated by approximately 1.2 eye-widths. Antennae loosely composed, extending slightly beyond elytral base; third antennomere 2.0× longer than second antennomere, antennomeres 4–10 subequal in length, longer than broad, strongly serrate; blunt at posterolateral portion; last antennomere 2.1× longer than tenth antennomere (
Thorax: PL = 2.75 mm, PW = 1.85 mm. Pronotum widest at middle; sides constricted subapically, more strongly constricted behind middle; disc flat, not constricted in front of middle; moderately vested with short, semirecumbent setae intermixed with less numerous, semierect setae; surface rather rugose, rugosity becoming more apparent on sides; moderately punctate, punctation somewhat shallow and less numerous on disk; subbasal tumescence feebly indicated. Prosternum smooth, very feebly puncticulate, slightly rugose. Mesosternum moderately, coarsely punctate; scarcely vested with fine, recumbent setae. Metasternum convex; moderately, finely punctate; mesal area with a longitudinal sulcus; covered with fine, recumbent setae.
Legs: Clothed with semirecumbent, semierect, and erect setae of various sizes; femora moderately, shallowly puncticulate, rugulose; tibia moderately, shallowly punctate, rugose; fourth protarsomere with pulvillus medially incised, incision does not extend beyond apical fourth.
Elytra: EL = 7.7 mm, EW = 3.5 mm; broader than pronotum; humeri indicated, rounded; sides subparallel; widest behind middle; disc flattened above; surface shiny, slightly rugose; apices subquadrate; moderately dehiscent; elytral declivity moderately steep; clothed with short, semierect setae intermixed with less numerous, long, semierect and erect setae; sculpture consisting of coarse punctations arranged in regular striae that gradually become smaller and shallower behind posterior 1/4, punctations not reaching elytral apex; interstices at elytral base about 2.5× width of punctation.
Abdomen: Ventrites 1–5 rugose; moderately, finely punctate; clothed with long, fine, recumbent setae. First ventrite convex; subquadrate; posterior margin conspicuously elevated with a transverse carina originating next to posterolateral angles producing a broad, deep, arcuate emargination (
Females in the type series differ from males by having the first visible ventrite moderately longer than males, and ventrites 1–2 posteriorly truncate and lacking the moderately elevated transversal carina (
Length of males 12.2–14.9 mm, length of females 12.3–15.2 mm; n = 4. Length to width ratio of head: males average 0.65, females 0.74. Length to width ratio of thorax: males average 1.53, females average 1.49. Length to width ratio of elytra: males average 2.33, females average 2.39. Two males and one female have a slightly more obscure coloration on the elytral ground, these individuals have the humeral maculae completely black, rather than dark brown, as in the holotype.
The type series was collected in two localities close to each other in the western portion of the state of Jalisco, Mexico. The first locality is in Costa Careyes, in the Costalegre region, and the second locality is the UNAM Biological Research Station located in the Chamela-Cuitzmala natural reserve (
Map of central Mexico showing geographic position of collecting localities for:
The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of this species to
Holotype. Small, rather robust, posterior wings present, brachypterous, TL = 8.67 mm. Color: Head fuscous; pronotum, prosternum, mesosternum, mestasternum, legs and elytra brown; abdomen testaceous mesally, becoming brown toward sides; mouthparts pale testaceous. Each elytron bearing a pale testaceous, median fascia that extends from first stria to epipleuron (
Head: HL = 1.15 mm, HW = 1.88 mm. Measured across eyes conspicuously wider than pronotum; rugose; frons bi-impressed; strongly, coarsely punctate; clothed with short, semirecumbent setae intermixed with long, semierect and erect setae; eyes moderately large, subsinuate, longer than wide, moderately emarginate in front, feebly bulging laterally, separated by approximately 3.5 eye-widths. Antennae slender; loosely composed; extending slightly beyond posterior margin of elytra; antennomeres 2–3 subequal in length; fourth antennomere slightly longer than third antennomere; antennomeres 4–5 subequal in length; antennomeres 6–10 subequal in length, each slightly shorter than fifth antennomere; antennomeres 5–10 weakly serrate; last antennomere flattened apically, as long as tenth antennomere (
Thorax: PL = 2.35 mm, PW = 1.67 mm. Pronotum elongate; widest at middle; middle slightly broader than anterior margin; sides constricted subapically; somewhat more constricted behind middle; disc flat; very feebly impressed in front of middle; subbasal tumescence pronounced; surface rugose; moderately coarsely punctate; somewhat vested with short, recumbent setae, intermingled with less numerous, long erect setae. Prosternum wider than long, rugulose, puncticulate. Mesosternum coarsely, deeply punctate. Metasternum convex; reduced in length, rugulose, moderately shallowly punctate.
Legs: Femora clothed with short, recumbent setae interspersed with few erect and semierect setae; tibiae vested with short and long erect and semierect setae; femorae and tibiae transversely, moderately rugose.
Elytra: EL = 5.17 mm, EW = 2.8 mm. Anterior margin arcuately emarginate; narrower than widest portion of pronotum; humeri very feebly indicated; sides subovoid; widest behind middle; disc convex; apex rounded, broadly dehiscent; surface smooth, clothed with intermixed setae of three sizes; sixth tergite exposed dorsally; sculpturing consisting of regular, rather coarse and deep striae that gradually reduce in size after first third of elytral length, striae not reaching posterior 1/4 of elytral length; interstices about 1.5× the width of punctation at elytral base.
Abdomen: Ventrites 1–5 rugulose, shallowly, moderately punctate; each segment with a pair of large, shallow impressions near sides; clothed with short, recumbent setae interspersed with less numerous, long, semi-erect setae. Fifth visible ventrite convex; sides oblique; posterior margin broadly, very deeply emarginate, emargination extends beyond first third of ventrite length (
Females differ from males by having the posterior margin of the fifth visible ventrite longitudinally truncate; the sixth visible ventrite is rather convex, rugose and broader than long, the lateral margins are strongly oblique, giving the appearance of a broadly rounded margin (
Length of males 7.9–9.65 mm, length of females 8.85–10.2 mm; n = 5. Length to width ratio of head: males average 0.71, of females 0.83. Length to width ratio of thorax: males average 1.42, females average 1.6. Length to width ratio of elytra: males average 1.82, females average 1.94. One male and one female are darker than the rest of the type series; the mid-elytral fascia of one female is paler and the legs display a paler, yellowish coloration.
The type series of this species was collected at different localities in south-central Mexico, a high-altitude region characterized by various ranges surrounded by semiarid plateaus. Two males and two females were collected in the central and south region of the state of Puebla, Mexico; three females were collected in the vicinity of Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico; and one female was collected in km 41, highway Texcoco - Calpulalpan in the State of Mexico, a region that borders the central-western portion of the state of Puebla. The vegetation type in all collecting localities is predominantly a low to mid-altitude mixture of
The specific epithet refers to Puebla, the Mexican state where the holotype was collected.
This species can be distinguished from congeners by its small size (
Holotype. Small, somewhat robust, posterior wings fully developed, TL = 7.75 mm. Color: head, pronotum, prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum ferruginous-brown, remainder of body uniformly brown. Each elytron with a brown macula located on humeral angle and a pair of irregular, obliquely directed fasciae located on median region of elytral length, the first fascia diffuse, yellowish-testaceous, extending from first stria to epipleuron, the second black, posteriorly adjacent to first fascia, extending from second stria to seventh stria (
Head: HL = 0.7 mm, HW = 1.35 mm. Measured across eyes wider than pronotum; surface moderately rugose; frons bi-impressed; moderately, coarsely punctate; vested with short, recumbent setae and occasional long, semierect setae behind eyes; eyes rather rounded, moderately large, somewhat longer than wide, feebly emarginate in front, bulging laterally. Antennae not reaching posterior margin of pronotum; first antennomere 0.75× longer than second antennomere, third antennomere about equal in length to first antennomere; fourth antennomere slightly shorter than third antennomere; antennomeres 4–10 subequal in length; antennomeres 2–4 subcylindrical; antennomeres 4–10 gradually becoming serrate toward distal end; last antennomere somewhat robust, cylindrical, about the same length as preceding three antennomeres (
Thorax: PL = 1.95 mm, PW = 1.25 mm. Pronotum rugose; moderately, finely punctate; less coarsely punctate than head; anterior margin as wide as middle; sides constricted subapically; slightly more constricted behind middle; disc flat, inconspicuously impressed in front of middle; subbasal tumescence moderately produced; surface clothed with moderately long, semierect setae interspersed with long semierect and erect setae. Prosternum smooth, shiny, feebly, shallowly punctate. Mesosternum smooth, shiny; moderately, shallowly punctate. Metasternum with surface rugulose, shiny, moderately, shallowly puncticulate.
Legs: Moderately vested with semirecumbent and semierect setae of three sizes; femora somewhat puncticulate, rugulose; tibia moderately, shallowly punctate, rugulose; fourth pulvillus medially incised, incision not extending beyond apical third.
Elytra: EL = 5.1 mm, EW = 2.35 mm. Broader than pronotum; humeri indicated, rounded; sides subparallel; widest portion behind middle; disc flattened above; surface shiny, rugulose; apices rounded; somewhat dehiscent; elytral declivity gradual; clothed with short, semierect setae intermixed with long, semierect and erect setae, long setae more abundant on anterior 1/4 of elytral ground; sculpture consisting of coarse punctations arranged in regular striae that gradually become smaller and shallower on posterior 1/4 of elytral gound, punctations not reaching elytral apex; interstices at elytral base about 2× the width of punctuation.
Abdomen: Ventrites 1–5 rugulose; strongly, finely punctate; clothed with short, fine, recumbent setae. First ventrite rather convex; subquadrate, posterior margin conspicuously elevated with a transverse carina that initiates on posterolateral angles, producing a broad, deep, arcuate emargination (
Females in the type series have the first visible ventrite posteriorly truncate and slightly longer than males, and lack the transverse carina (
Length of males 6.9–8.1 mm, length of females 7.15–8.7 mm; n = 6. Length to width ratio of head: males average 0.59, females average 0.66. Length to width ratio of thorax: males average 1.6, females average 1.62. Length to width ratio of elytra: males average 2.18, females average 2.21.Two males and one female show a slightly darker integument on the elytral disc; also, these individuals display the humeral maculae completely black, rather than dark brown, as seen in the holotype. One male in the type series displays a feebly paler coloration on the elytral disc. The black fascia is variably marked among individuals, ranging from strongly marked to rather diffuse.
The type series was collected primarily in Punta Mita, at the southwestern tip of the state of Nayarit, Mexico. One female specimen was collected in the Cuitzmala region of Jalisco, about 50 km southeast of Punta Mita, Nayarit (
The specific epithet refers to Punta Mita, Nayarit, Mexico, the locality where the holotype was collected.
The distinctive dark, longitudinal fasciae on the elytral ground, unique among all
Holotype. Moderately long, slender, posterior wings absent, TL = 9.9 mm. Color: Head, except gular region and pronotum, fuscous; antennae, mouthparts, gular region, prosternum, mesosternum and abdomen, except anterior portion of first visible ventrite, testaceous; legs, metasternum and anterior portion of first visible ventrite brown. Each elytron adorned with five longitudinal, moderately regular, fuscous fasciae; fasciae becoming paler and narrower toward epipleuron; fasciae 2-4 not reaching elytral apex; first and fifth fasciae interconnected at posterior portion of elytra, reaching apex (
Head: HL = 1.3 mm, HW = 2.25 mm, length to width ratio of holotype 0.58. Measured across eyes conspicuously wider than pronotum; surface rugose; moderately, coarsely punctate; clothed with a set of intermixed moderately long, recumbent and semirecumbent setae; frons inconspicuously bi-impressed; eyes small, subsinuate, taller than wide, feebly bulging laterally, separated by approximately 3.2 eye widths. Antennae extending to base of elytra; third antennomere slightly longer than second antennomere; antennomeres 3–5 subequal in length; sixth antennomere slightly shorter than fifth antennomere; antennomeres 6–10 subequal in length; antennomeres 2–4 subcylindrical; antennomeres 5–10 very feebly serrate; last antennomere subacuminate, about the same length as tenth antennomere (
Thorax: PL = 2.55 mm, PW = 1.8 mm; length to width ratio of holotype 1.42 mm. Pronotum somewhat elongate; widest at middle, middle slightly wider than anterior margin; sides constricted subapically, more strongly constricted behind middle; disc feebly convex; moderately impressed in front of middle; subbasal tumescences pronounced; surface moderately clothed with short, semirecumbent setae interspersed with erect setae of three lengths; surface feebly rugose, less rugose than head; moderately, shallowly punctate. Prosternum rugulose; surface feebly concave; weakly, shallowly punctate. Mesosternum concave; moderately, coarsely punctate, scarcely clothed with long, erect setae; metasternum conspicuously wider than long; strongly concave; rugulose; moderately, shallowly punctate.
Legs: Femora and tibiae profusely clothed with short, semirecumbent setae interspersed with long, semierect and erect setae; femora and tibiae transversally, moderately rugose; fourth protarsomere with pulvillus medially incised, incision not extending beyond middle.
Elytra: EL = 6.05 mm, EW = 2.8 mm; length to width ratio of holotype 2.16. Base narrower than pronotum; humeri very feebly indicated; sides subparallel; widest at posterior 1/3; disc feebly convex; surface rugose; apices rounded; strongly dehiscent; clothed with erect setae of three sizes; sculpture consisting of coarse punctations arranged in irregular striae that gradually become smaller, shallower and less numerous before apex; interstices at elytral base about 1.5× the width of punctuation.
Abdomen: Ventrites 1–5 rugulose, subquadrate, moderately, shallowly punctate, vested with short, fine, pale, recumbent setae; posterior margin of third and fourth visible ventrite broadly, deeply emarginate. Fifth visible ventrite subquadrate; surface convex; moderately, coarsely punctate; lateral margins subparallel; posterior margin broadly, deeply emarginate; emargination reaching median region; posterolateral angles pointed (
The only female in the type series has the fifth visible ventrite rugulose; surface convex; lateral margins strongly oblique, rather arcuate; posterior margin widely, deeply emarginate. Sixth visible ventrite rugulose; coarsely punctate; moderately convex; lateral margins feebly arcuate, moderately oblique; posterior margin truncate. Fifth tergite rugulose; surface feebly convex; lateral margins oblique, moderately arcuate; posterior margin broadly, shallowly emarginate. Sixth tergite subtriangular; rugulose; coarsely punctate; lateral margins strongly oblique, feeble arcuate; posterior margin narrowly truncate. Sixth tergite extends very slightly beyond sixth visible ventrite.
The female has a length of 8.2 mm. Length to width ratio of head: 0.52. Length to width ratio of thorax: 1.51. Length to width ratio of elytra: 2.11. The female shows a moderately brownish coloration, somewhat lighter than the male, and the antennomeres 5–10 are filiform, rather than feebly serrate, as observed in the male.
The holotype was collected in the state of Michoacán, at the central-western portion of Mexico, on km 23 on the Morelia-Pátzcuaro highway, a region that has suffered extensive logging and was originally covered by a high to mid altitude
The specific epithet comes from the Latin
Although it is not usually desirable to describe a new species based on two specimens, this species is strikingly different from all other known
The authors are thankful to the following persons and institutions for the loan of specimens: Jacques Rifkind, James E. Wappes, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México’s National Insect Collection, and the William F. Barr Museum. The first author is also grateful to Jacques Rifkind for his invaluable observations and recommendations prior to the preparation of this manuscript. This article is Contribution No. 14-171-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (KAES) and was supported in part by KAES Hatch Project No. 353, Insect Systematics.