2urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7Eurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727AZooKeysZK1313-29891313-2970Pensoft Publishers10.3897/zookeys.861.3505235052Research ArticleActinopterygiiAnimaliaChordataNemipteridaeOsteichthyesPerciformesPiscesVertebrataSystematicsTaxonomyMelanesiaNew Caledonia incl. Loyalty IslandsPacificScolopsislacrima, a new species of monocle bream (Teleostei, Perciformes, Nemipteridae) from New CaledoniaNakamuraJumpei1BéarezPhilippe2MotomuraHiroyukimotomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jphttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-24823Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, JapanKagoshima UniversityKagoshimaJapanUMR 7209 AASPE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, FranceMuséum national d’Histoire naturelleParisFranceThe Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanThe Kagoshima University MuseumKagoshimaJapan
2019080720198611191284125FFF6-FFA7-9768-F748-FFE9FF92FFE909276246-A995-4AA9-B689-634D6CEBA05733374300104201912062019Jumpei Nakamura, Philippe Béarez, Hiroyuki MotomuraThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/09276246-A995-4AA9-B689-634D6CEBA057
The new monocle bream Scolopsislacrimasp. nov. is described from a single specimen (213.6 mm standard length) collected from Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia. The new species closely resembles S.meridiana, both species having the upper part of the pectoral-fin base with reddish blotch when fresh, two bands across the top of the snout, a dorsal scaled area on the head reaching anteriorly to between the anterior margin of the eye and anterior nostril, a similar number of lateral-line scales, and absence of a small antrorse spine below the eye. However, S.lacrimasp. nov. is distinguished from S.meridiana by having diagonal lines on the body absent (vs. 18–20 diagonal lines in the latter), a dark longitudinal band below the lateral line (vs. longitudinal lines absent), the caudal fin central area not patterned (vs. with several dark horizontal lines), a narrower body and shallower caudal peduncle.
Nakamura J, Béarez P, Motomura H (2019) Scolopsis lacrima, a new species of monocle bream (Teleostei, Perciformes, Nemipteridae) from New Caledonia. ZooKeys 861: 119–128. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.35052
Introduction
The monocle bream genus Scolopsis Cuvier, 1814 is widespread throughout shallow Indo-West Pacific tropical and subtropical waters, some species being marketed in Southeast Asia (Russell 1990, 2001). The genus was reviewed by Russell (1990), who recognised 16 valid species; it was characterised by a distinct posteriorly-directed suborbital spine, the suborbital area without scales, the posterior margin of the preopercle coarsely denticulate or serrate, and jaws without canine teeth. Subsequently, Scolopsisigcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013 and Scolopsismeridiana Nakamura, Russell, Moore & Motomura, 2018 were described, and Scolopsistorquata (Cuvier, 1830) recognised as a valid species by Psomadakis et al. (2015). Accordingly, 19 valid species are currently recognised in the genus (Russell 1990, Mishra et al. 2013, Psomadakis et al. 2015, Nakamura et al. 2018).
During a taxonomic study of Scolopsis, a single specimen from New Caledonia, having a distinctively elongate body and unique colouration, was examined. It is described herein as a new species of Scolopsis.
Materials and methods
Counts and proportional measurements followed Nakamura et al. (2018). All measurements were made with calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Standard length is abbreviated as SL. Institutional codes follow Sabaj (2016), with the following addition: Département d’Archéologie du Service des Musées de Nouméa, New Caledonia (DASMN). Examined specimens of S.meridiana and Scolopsistaenioptera (Cuvier, 1830) are listed in Nakamura et al. (2018).
AnimaliaSpariformesNemipteridae7B2DF877-CFDC-53DE-8DAE-AD88B0EB8504Scolopsislacrimahttp://zoobank.org/5AF65765-E484-41A9-ABB2-E88A93034AE5sp. nov.Figures 1, 2, 3, 5a, 6, 7 New English name: Teary Monocle BreamScolopsistaeniopterus(non Cuvier): Béarez 2003: 62, fig. 1 (Nouméa, Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia).Scolopsistaenioptera(non Cuvier): Fricke et al. 2011: 401 (New Caledonia).Holotype.
MNHN 2002–2930, 213.6 mm SL, Nouméa, Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia, 1 Aug 2002, purchased at market by P. Béarez.
Diagnosis.
A species of Scolopsis with the following combination of characters: pectoral-fin rays 17; lateral-line scales 47; no antrorse spine below eye; dorsal scaled area on head reaching anteriorly to between anterior margin of eye and anterior nostril; bony opercular ridge and lower limb of preopercle without scales; 3rd anal-fin spine longer than 2nd anal-fin spine; narrow body, its depth at dorsal, pelvic, and anal fin origins 29.2, 29.5 and 26.6% of SL, respectively; caudal-peduncle depth 10.4% of SL; head length 29.9% of SL; upper part of pectoral-fin base with reddish blotch when fresh; two dark bands across dorsum of snout; body below lateral line with a dark longitudinal band, without diagonal lines; no blotches or lines on central area of caudal fin.
Description.
Dorsal-fin rays X, 9; anal-fin rays III, 7; pectoral-fin rays (left / right) 17 / 17; pored lateral-line scales 47; pelvic-fin rays I, 5; scale rows above lateral line 5; scale rows below lateral line 10; gill rakers (upper / lower) 5 / 8; preopercle scale rows (behind eye) 3; preopercle scale rows (below eye) 4. The following morphometrics are expressed as percentages of SL: body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29.2; body depth at pelvic-fin origin 29.5; body depth at anal-fin origin 26.6; body depth at posterior margin of orbit 23.7; body depth at anterior margin of orbit 17.5; pre-dorsal-fin length 32.7; pre-pelvic-fin length 37.9; pectoral-pelvic length 15.4; pre-anus length 61.4; head length 29.9; snout length 11.4; posterior nostril (horizontal) 0.8; posterior nostril (vertical) 0.8; upper-jaw length 10.7; orbit diameter 7.8; interorbital width 10.0; suborbital depth 5.7; caudal-peduncle length 22.8; caudal-peduncle depth 10.4; dorsal-fin base length 54.1; 1st dorsal-fin spine length 6.2; 2nd dorsal-fin spine length 8.5; 3rd dorsal-fin spine length 10.4; 4th dorsal-fin spine length 10.8; 5th dorsal-fin spine length 11.0; 6th dorsal-fin spine length 11.0; 7th dorsal-fin spine length 10.9; 8th dorsal-fin spine length 11.0; 9th dorsal-fin spine length 10.7; 10th dorsal-fin spine length 10.4; longest dorsal-fin soft ray length 16.0; 1st anal-fin spine length 3.9; 2nd anal-fin spine length 7.4; 3rd anal-fin spine length 8.0; anal-fin base length 15.0; pectoral-fin length 21.3; pelvic-fin spine length (measured on right side because the left side damaged) 13.8; longest pelvic-fin soft ray length 24.0.
Body oblong, rather compressed, deepest at pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal profile rising from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, lowering slightly between origins of 1st to 10th dorsal-fin spines, thereafter more steeply to caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of body lowering from lower-jaw tip to anus, thereafter rising to caudal peduncle. Dorsal-fin origin just above posteriormost point of opercle, base extending posterior to posteriormost point of anal-fin base. First to 5th dorsal-fin spines gradually lengthening, 5th to 8th spine lengths similar, 8th to 10th spines gradually shortening. Seventh dorsal-fin soft ray longest. All dorsal-fin soft rays non-filamentous. Uppermost point of pectoral-fin base slightly posterior to posteriormost point of opercle. Lowermost point of pectoral-fin base anterior to pelvic-fin origin. Posterior tip of pectoral fin pointed, reaching to vertical through 7th dorsal-fin spine origin. Pelvic-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin origin. Posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin reaching anus, not reaching anal-fin origin. Anal-fin origin below 1st dorsal-fin ray origin, ending below 6th dorsal-fin ray origin. First anal-fin spine shortest, 3rd spine longest. Caudal-fin forked, upper lobe longer than lower lobe. Posterior tip of both lobes of caudal fin pointed, non-filamentous. Anus oblong, anterior to anal-fin origin. Eye and pupil round. Lower margin of eye above a line from snout tip to uppermost part of pectoral-fin base. Nostrils round, paired, positioned close together anterior to orbit, anterior nostril with small dermal flap. Snout pointed. Posterior tip of maxilla not reaching to vertical through anterior margin of eye. Distinct suborbital spine posteriorly directed. Small antrorse spine below eye absent. Posterior margins of suborbital and preopercle serrated. Scales ctenoid; both lips, snout, area around eye, and bony opercular ridge and lower limb of preopercle scaleless. Lateral line complete, originating above opercle, extending to central part of caudal-fin base. Both jaws with small conical teeth, forming dense bands. Canine teeth absent. Gill rakers long, slender.
Colour when fresh.
Based on colour photograph of holotype (MNHN 2002–2930; Fig. 1a). Head and body reddish-brown dorsally, silver-white ventrally. Upper lip blue. Two brown bands across dorsum of snout, connecting eyes. Upper band above posterior nostril, lower band below anterior nostril. Blue band on suborbital from anteroventral margin of orbit to just short of upper lip. Gill membrane yellow. A dark longitudinal band below lateral line from behind posterior margin of opercle to caudal peduncle. No diagonal lines on body. Distinct reddish blotch on upper end of pectoral-fin base. Pectoral fin pale yellow. Dorsal-fin membrane yellowish, semi-transparent, with yellow outer margin. Pelvic and anal fins white. Several indistinct yellowish longitudinal stripes on caudal peduncle. Upper base of caudal fin with blue blotch. Caudal fin red with yellowish upper margin. Central area of caudal fin without blotches or lines.
Holotype of Scolopsislacrima sp. nov., MNHN 2002-2930, 213.6 mm SL, Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia a fresh condition (photo by P. Béarez) b preserved condition.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315276Colour in alcohol.
(Fig. 1b) Head, body, and caudal fin uniformly pale brown. Three dark bands radiating from orbit. A dark brown longitudinal band below lateral-line. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins pale yellow.
Distribution records of Scolopsislacrima sp. nov. (star), S.meridiana (circles), and S.taenioptera (triangles), based on specimens examined in Nakamura et al. (2018) and this study.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315277Etymology.
The specific name lacrima is derived from Latin meaning a tear, in reference to the distinct blue band below the eye of the species.
Remarks.
The new species is assignable to the genus Scolopsis, defined by Russell (1990, 2001), due to its distinct posteriorly-directed suborbital spine, the suborbital area without scales, the posterior margin of the preopercle coarsely denticulate or serrate, and jaws without canine teeth. Scolopsislacrima (Fig. 1) is similar to S.meridiana (Fig. 4) and S.taenioptera, the three species uniquely sharing the upper pectoral-fin base with a reddish blotch when fresh (Fig. 1a) (vs. reddish blotch absent in all other congeners). Scolopsislacrima and S.meridiana are easily distinguished from S.taenioptera by having two bands across the top of the snout (Fig. 3) [vs. single band; Nakamura et al. (2018: fig. 4)]; detailed comparisons of S.meridiana with S.taenioptera were given in Nakamura et al. (2018). Scolopsislacrima is distinguished from S.meridiana by the lack of diagonal lines on the body below the lateral line (Fig. 1) [vs. 18–20 brown diagonal lines in preserved specimens in S.meridiana (Fig. 4)], presence of a dark longitudinal band on the body below the lateral line (Fig. 1) [vs. longitudinal band absent (Fig. 4a), although young individuals (< 108.9 mm SL) may rarely have an indistinct dark longitudinal band (Fig. 4b)], and lack of blotches centrally on the caudal fin (Fig. 5a) [vs. several small poorly-defined blotches (Fig. 5b), although young individuals (< 108.9 mm SL) may rarely lack blotches (Fig. 4b)]. Moreover, body depths at the origins of the dorsal (29.2% of SL vs. 30.8–35.0% in S.meridiana, Fig. 7a), pelvic (29.5% vs. 31.6–38.4%, Fig. 7b), and anal fins (29.6% vs. 28.1–32.5%, Fig. 7c) are narrower in S.lacrima, and the caudal-peduncle depth (10.4% of SL vs. 11.4–13.1%, Fig. 7d) and head length (29.9% vs. 30.1–32.7%) less.
Scolopsismeridianaa CSIRO H 4029–01, holotype, 194.8 mm SL, Western Australia, Australia b AMS I.21957-013, paratype, 94.9 mm SL, Northern Territory, Australia.
Colour photographs of Scolopsislacrima sp. nov., Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia (photos by P. Béarez) aDASMN-52, 187 mm SL b MNHN-ICOS-00437, 192 mm SL.
Relationships of (a) body depth at dorsal-fin origin, (b) body depth at pelvic-fin origin, (c) body depth at anal-fin origin, and (d) caudal-peduncle depth % of SL to SL in Scolopsislacrima sp. nov. (diamond) and S.meridiana (circles).
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315282
Béarez (2003) reported three specimens [MNHN 2002–2930 (designated here as the holotype of S.lacrima; Fig. 1), MNHN-ICOS-00437, and DASMN-52] as Scolopsistaeniopterus (Cuvier, 1830) from New Caledonia. The latter two specimens have been reduced to bones and otoliths only. However, fresh colour photographs of both specimens prior to dissection (Fig. 6) support their identification here as S.lacrima.
Scolopsismeridiana and S.taenioptera are restricted to northern Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively (Fig. 2), probably not occurring in New Caledonia, suggesting that the three species of Scolopsis with a reddish blotch on the upper part of the pectoral-fin base are allopatrically distributed in the Indo-West Pacific.
Acknowledgements
We thank P. Pruvost, R. Causse, Z. Gabsi, J. Pfliger, and all staff of MNHN for opportunities to examine the example of the new species. We also thank H. Hata (NSMT), and students and volunteers of KAUM for their kind assistance, and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for reading the manuscript and providing help with English. This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19770067, JP26241027, JP24370041, JP23580259, and JP26450265; the JSPS Core-to-Core Program: B Asia-Africa Science Platforms; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Biodiversity and Its Conservation in the Satsunan Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and the “Island Research” project of Kagoshima University.
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