Phylogenetic trees. The trees are constructed from protein-coding regions of a nuclear genome b Z-chromosome, and c mitochondrial genome. The trees are rooted with Pterourus glaucus (NVG-1670). Specimen names are not shown in the Z-chromosome tree and can be deduced from the nuclear tree by corresponding dotted lines. Details about specimens are in Suppl. material 1: Table S1. Sections of the tree corresponding to different subfamilies are highlighted in different colors. Names of new subfamilies and specimens in them are highlighted yellow. Names of other subfamilies are shown by their clades in the nuclear tree.

 
 
  Part of: Zhang J, Cong Q, Shen J, Brockmann E, Grishin NV (2019) Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34686