Corresponding author: Jose L. Fernández-Triana (
Academic editor: K. van Achterberg
More than half a million specimens of wild-caught Lepidoptera caterpillars have been reared for their parasitoids, identified, and DNA barcoded over a period of 34 years (and ongoing) from Area de Conservación de Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. This provides the world’s best location-based dataset for studying the taxonomy and host relationships of caterpillar parasitoids. Among Hymenoptera, Microgastrinae (Braconidae) is the most diverse and commonly encountered parasitoid subfamily, with many hundreds of species delineated to date, almost all undescribed. Here, we reassess the limits of the genus
The following new taxonomic and nomenclatural acts are proposed. Four species previously considered to be
Fernández-Triana JL, Whitfield JB, Rodriguez JJ, Smith MA, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Hajibabaei M, Burns JM, Solis MA, Brown J, Cardinal S, Goulet H, Hebert PDN (2014) Title. Review of
The subfamily
The genus
Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) is a single decentralized unit of Costa Rica’s Ministerio del Ambiente, Energia (MINAE; Ministry of Environment and Energy) covering about 2% of Costa Rica in its northwestern corner, slightly south of the southeastern border of Nicaragua (
ACG has been the focus of 34+ years of inventory of wild-caught caterpillars, their food plants and their parasitoids, as described in detail in
Haphazardly placed Townes Malaise traps in all three major ACG terrestrial ecosystems have yielded another set of ACG
The rearing results have been complemented since 2003 by extensive DNA barcoding of one or more voucher specimens from each rearing, past and present (
DNA barcoding uses a short standardized region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome
Taxonomic studies of ACG
The combination of this comprehensive inventory with the richness of biological, ecological and DNA barcoding data, allowed us to engage in the taxonomic study of ACG
In this study, Mesoamerica is defined as the region from (and including) Mexico through Panama, and all the Caribbean islands, following
We studied 4,100+ specimens from 3,200+ individual caterpillar rearings, and 2,000+ DNA sequences (usually one sequence per rearing event) of
Type material for most of the 19 previously described Mesoamerican species was borrowed for study. However, no molecular data is available for any of those holotypes. It will not be surprising if some of their names are found to encompass complexes of species. Some members of such complexes may be some of the ACG species described here, but it would be premature to even speculate about that.
The following acronyms are used:
The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, United States
Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica
National Museum of Natural History, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States
Morphological terms and measurements of structures are mostly as used by
We considered that the “preferred label” (i.e., name) provided in the HAO website for “mesoscutellar arm” was better than the corresponding term, “posterior bar of mesoscutellum”, used by
The terms “mesoscutellar trough” and “mesoscutellar arm” (
We also calculated and compared many ratios between linear dimensions of structures (morphometric taxonomy), a common practice in the taxonomy of many groups of parasitoid wasps (
To facilitate understanding of the traits and ratios, a detailed account of every morphological structure and measurement used in this study is provided in
Throughout the text, especially in the keys, “body length” refers to the length of the anatomical line that is median and extends between the anteriormost point of the head and the posteriormost point of the metasoma (excluding ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths). “Fore wing length” refers to the length of the anatomical line that extends between the median margin of the first axillary sclerite and the distalmost point of the wing blade (
The measurement of variables must be done as uniformly as possible, and special care must be taken when choosing the end points of any structure. It is also advisable to measure at the highest possible magnification to minimize errors. Some measurements that are particularly error-prone are discussed further in
Throughout the keys the following acronyms are used for morphological terms: T1, T2, T3 (mediotergite 1, 2, 3). Whenever there is a “(N = a number)”, e.g., “(N = 4)” after a species name, it refers to the number of specimens studied morphologically for that species. It is only provided when the available number of specimens was less than 5.
Molecular analysis has revealed a large number of morphologically cryptic species, often possessing very subtle morphological differences that we found to correlate with ecological and host data. Certain features differ just slightly between species, and there may be overlap of values between individual specimens of different but very similar species. We studied as many specimens as were available. Our definition of a “species” is a postulated biological unit that differs from other species in its morphology (however subtle), COI barcode, and host use, and presumably represents a distinct breeding population. In the few cases where what we consider to be a species differs only in barcode and/or host, we indicate this. All the species in ACG are essentially fully sympatric to parapatric (the case when two ecosystems intergrade).
The dichotomous keys were built to accommodate, as much as possible, what appear to be potential natural groups, based on morphology, biology (host data), and DNA barcoding. However, in such a large assemblage of species there is likely to be considerable homoplasy and thus in some couplets we had to use logical characters (e.g., “
The species descriptions are based on the holotype female, and we consider their DNA barcodes to be definitive when available (actual barcodes are available through the BOLD web site at
Males of
Non-morphological characters are also provided whenever available, e.g., host species, whether there are one or many larvae per host caterpillar, microhabitat, microgeographical distribution, and molecular differences in the DNA barcode region, that may serve as diagnostic characters. Sometimes those features are included in brackets at the end of the corresponding couplet, intended as supplementary information that can help the user to correctly identify specimens. They are best not separated from the morphological features provided. However, in future, practical and routine identification may often depend heavily on these other traits because they are easier to assess than the morphology of wasps 1–5 mm in length.
Lucid 3.5.4 (
The
Accurate color description is a major difficulty in taxonomic works (
Most of the photos were taken with a Canon EOS 60D with MPE-65 lenses (aperture: 4.0, ISO: 100, CR2 format images), and a 600EX-RT Speedlight (manual) flash. The camera was mounted on a Kaiser copy stand with a Z-stepper (Stackshot) to allow for taking of multiple images. A dozen species were photographed with a Keyence VHX-1000 Digital Microscope, using a lens with a range of 13–130 ×.
Multiple images through the focal plane were taken of a structure and these were combined to produce a single in-focus image. For the pictures taken with the Canon camera, the Zerene Stacker program (
Although the keys provided in this paper are based on morphological characters, in a few cases (mainly with species belonging to the
DNA barcodes for all ACG inventory
Sequences were considered as “barcode-compliant” when they had 500 or more base pairs and correctly placed the species with its conspecifics in an NJ tree, the function of which is simple identification (as well as species discovery). We did not follow the more formal, but less pragmatically useful, definition of also having less than 1% ambiguous characters (Barcode Compliance standards as in
In the taxonomic treatment of species, “Material Examined” presents the specimen’s information in the following format: “Number of females/males, acronym of the storing institution between parenthesis, COUNTRY: State/Province, city, other locality details, coordinates (in Decimal Degrees), date, collector name, biological information on host (starting with “ex”), ACG database codes (in the format “yy-SRNP-xxxxxx” for the host or “DHJPARxxxxxxx” for the wasp)”. For states of the United States and for Canadian provinces/territories, acronyms consisting of two capital letters are used, following Canada Post (
For phylogenetic analyses conducted outside of BOLD, DNA barcode sequences from 180 Mesoamerican
Bayesian Maximum Clade Credibility Tree (MCCT) for 180 species of Mesoamerican
A neighbor-joining (
Neighbor-joining Tree for 180 species of Mesoamerican
The limits of
The genus
Summarizing, our definition of
A total of 23
When the 186 new species from ACG described in this paper are included, the
This study emphasizes how much is still unknown about the diversity of parasitoid wasps in general, and
Even for ACG we are far from completing the inventory of
After examinating the holotype (NMNH), we consider this to be a species of
After examinating the holotype (NMNH), we consider this to be a species of
The name
Article 59.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
After examining the holotype (NMNH), we consider this species as belonging to
The species
It is worth mentioning that
In a first, non-taxonomic analysis of the
Species considered as belonging to
Species name in |
New generic and/or interim species name assigned here |
---|---|
The name was applied to several specimens that might represent more than one species. The ones we could study are |
|
Probably |
|
Probably |
At present we have biological information (host records, solitary/gregariousness of wasp larvae) for 169 (82%) of the described species of
Twenty
Proportion of
Most of the ACG reared
Outside ACG, there is not enough data to assess if narrow host ranges per microgastrine wasp species is a widespread phenomenon (although unpublished evidence suggest that this might be the case and there is no reason to think that ACG
A total of 98 species (58%) of the Mesoamerican
Most wasp cocoons (either solitary or gregarious) are stuck to the leaf substrate, and over, under, or near the host cadaver, which “lives” only a few days, if at all, after emergence of the wasp larvae. As cocoon structure often appears a species-level characteristic, it is shown for each species when possible (
The fauna of Mesoamerica, especially that of ACG, seems to have some peculiar morphological characteristics. For example, one species in ACG is the only known
Although orange-yellow coloration is not uncommon in tropical
Similarly, only five ACG species have pectinate tarsal claws, while one species has cleft tarsal claws. The vast majority (97.5%) of the Mesoamerican species either have simple tarsal claws, or with 1–2 basal spine-like setae.
About 10% of the Mesoamerican
Almost one quarter of the
In order to deal with its high diversity, the genus
While some of these species groups appear to represent monophyletic or at least morphologically coherent groups, many are poorly defined, and some are just containers for species that do not fit into any other group. To further complicate things, many species have never been assigned to a particular species-group (e.g., only half of the previously described species of Mesoamerican
In spite of the shortcomings in the species-group system, it remains a useful tool for partitioning the large number of
For the Mesoamerican region we recognize and propose 32 species-groups of
Species-groups of
Species-group | # of Spp | Larvae | MOR | DNA | B IO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
19 |
|
+ | + | + | |
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
13 |
|
+ | + | + | |
|
14 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 |
|
+ | - | - | |
|
2 |
|
+ | + | ? | |
|
9 |
|
- | - | ? | |
|
4 |
|
+ | + | ? | |
|
3 |
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
|
3 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
6 |
|
+ | + | ? | |
|
3 |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
2 | ? | ? | + | + | ? |
|
5 | ?? |
|
+ | + | ? |
|
4 |
|
- | ? | ||
|
3 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 | ? | ? | + | + | ? |
|
5 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | - | + |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | - | ? |
|
2 | ? | ? | + | + | ? |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | - | ? |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 |
|
+ | - | - | |
|
39 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | + | + |
|
2 |
|
|
+ | ? | - |
|
4 |
|
+ | ? | - | |
|
2 |
|
|
+ |
|
? |
|
2 | ? | ? | + | + | ? |
Six groups each have nine or more species, jointly representing half of all described Mesoamerican species. The largest are the
A total of 15 species-groups (47%) are represented by two species. This situation is mainly due to the fact that only the ACG fauna has been comprehensively studied. When the remainder of the Mesoamerican
Most groups (79%) are strongly supported by at least two of three sets of independent data: molecular (DNA barcodes), biology (host), and morphology (
Some groups partially overlap with others, e.g., the
The non-ACG
The species
[This section provides a key to all species-groups of
1 | Fore wing with vein 2M very short, its anterior half very close to anterior half of vein 2RS, in a way that obliterates most of space of second submarginal cell ( |
|
– | Fore wing with vein 2M completely separated from vein 2RS (as in |
2 |
2(1) | Ovipositor sheaths extremely short, 0.3 × or less metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 0.4 × as long as metatibia (usually much more than that); T2 median length much shorter than T3 median length (almost always 0.5 × or less); T1 almost always with some sculpture; body color variable | 3 |
3(2) | Hypopygium with a relatively wide but short fold, restricted to posterior 0.4–0.5 of hypopygium length, where no pleats are visible (or, rarely, at most with a single, weakly marked pleat); ovipositor short and slightly to strongly curved downwards ( |
4 |
– | Hypopygium usually with large fold and numerous pleats, |
5 |
4(3) | Pterostigma white ( |
|
– | Pterostigma brown, with small pale spot at base ( |
|
5(3) | Head entirely orange (except for black interocellar area and/or small spot on upper part of gena), anteromesoscutum, scutellar disc, and axillar complex completely or almost completely orange ( |
6 |
– | Head mostly black to dark brown (except for clypeus and labrum, which may be yellow-orange) |
9 |
6(5) | Mesopleuron and mesosternum dark brown to black, except for upper anterior and/or lower posterior corners of mesopleuron which are orange ( |
7 |
– | Mesopleuron either completely orange, or mostly orange (upper anterior 1/3 dark brown to black), mesosternum fully orange ( |
8 |
7(6) | Mesoscutellar disc smooth ( |
|
– | Mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured ( |
|
8(6) | T1 mostly white except for small black spot posteriorly ( |
|
– | Metasoma entirely black ( |
|
9(5) | Head with gena partially white ( |
|
– | Head with gena entirely black | 10 |
10(9) | Tarsal claws pectinate, |
11 |
– | Tarsal claws either simple |
12 |
11(10) | T1 coarsely sculptured with longitudinal and transverse striation; T2 with some sculpture, especially along posterior margin ( |
|
– | T1 smooth, at most with fine sculpture along lateral margins; T2 smooth and polished ( |
|
12(10) | Smaller individuals, body length 1.6–2.2 mm, and fore wing length 1.8–2.4 mm; |
13 |
– | Larger individuals, body length and fore wing lengths usually more than 2.5 mm; |
17 |
13(12) | All legs, including coxae (except for small spot on anterior 0.2 of metacoxa), entirely yellow or whitish-yellow ( |
|
– | At least metacoxa completely, and part of femora and tibiae, with dark brown to black coloration | 14 |
14(13) | Antenna as long as or longer than body length; T1 strongly narrowing toward apex from its apical half — ratio of T1 basal width/T1 apical width >2.0 × and ratio of T1 length/T1 apical width >3.5 × ( |
|
– | Antenna shorter, its length at most 0.7 × body length, usually much less; T1 usually narrowing toward apex less strongly — ratio of T1 basal width/T1 apical width <2.0 ×, ratio of T1 length/T1 apical width usually <3.5 × ( |
15 |
15(14) | Smooth area on lateral face of scutellum very narrow and small, its maximum height at most 0.2 × lateral face height ( |
|
– | Smooth area on lateral face of scutellum at least 0.4 × lateral face height (usually much more) ( |
16 |
16(15) | Propodeal areola open anteriorly, elongate and more or less parallel-sided ( |
|
– | Propodeal areola clearly closed anteriorly and widening centrally, its maximum width (at around half of propodeum length) >1.5 × its width at apex (nucha); hypopygium with a translucid median fold with 1–3 visible pleats [Hosts: leaf-folder |
|
17(12) | Hypopygium with outer margin inflexible, without a median fold (as in |
18 |
– | Hypopygium with outer margin with a wide median, transparent, semi-desclerotized fold, with 4 or more pleats occupying most or whole fold (as in |
23 |
18(17) | Ovipositor relatively thick, as thick or thicker than width of median flagellomerus, and with basal width 3.0–5.0 × its apical width posterior to constriction ( |
|
– | Ovipositor relatively thin, thinner than width of median flagellomerus, and with basal width <2.0 × its apical width after constriction (as in |
19 |
19(18) | T1 mostly smooth ( |
|
– | T1 mostly sculptured, at least on posterior half ( |
20 |
20(19) | T1 length 1.4 × its width; fore wing length 3.3 mm | |
– | T1 length at least 2.3 × its width; fore wing length at most 2.8 mm | 21 |
21(20) | All coxae, profemur partially, and meso- and metafemora completely, dark brown to black ( |
|
– | At least pro- and mesocoxae (and usually metacoxa), pro- and mesofemora, and most of metafemur (except for apical 0.2 or less), yellow to orange ( |
22 |
22(20) | Flagellomerus 14 1.0 × as long as wide; scutoscutellar sulcus with 9 impressed pits; tarsal claws with one basal spine-like seta; T1 length 2.3 × its width; T2 with some sculpture near its posterior margin ( |
|
– | Flagellomerus 14 at least 1.6 × as long as wide; scutoscutellar sulcus with 5–6 impressed pits; tarsal claws simple; T1 length at least 3.2 × its width; T2 mostly smooth ( |
|
23(17) | T2 broadly rectangular, its apical width 2.2 × or less than its median length (as in |
24 |
– | T2 transverse and relatively narrow, its apical width 2.5 × or more its median length | 26 |
24(23) | Ovipositor relatively thick ( |
|
– | Ovipositor relatively thin (as in |
25 |
25(24) | Ovipositor sheaths more than 1.2 × as long as metatibia, and usually longer than metasoma (as in |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths less than 1.0 × as long as metatibia, and much shorter than metasoma ( |
|
26(23) | Pterostigma relatively broad, its length less than 3.0 × its width (as in |
|
– | Pterostigma relatively narrow, its length more than 3.0 × its width, |
27 |
27(26) | Ovipositor relatively thick and strong, as thick or thicker than width of median flagellomerus and with basal width 3.0-5.0 × its apical width posterior to constriction ( |
28 |
– | Ovipositor relatively thin, thinner than width of median flagellomerus, and with basal width <2.0 × its apical width after constriction | 30 |
28(27) | Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules 0.4 × maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum ( |
|
– | Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules 0.7 × or more maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum (as in |
29 |
29(28) | Solitary parasitoids of |
|
– | Gregarious parasitoids of several genera of |
|
30(27) | Body with extensive yellow and/or orange coloration, including tegula and humeral complex, parts of the axillar complex, sometimes posterior margin of mesoscutum (right in front of scutoscutellar sulcus), all coxae (rarely metacoxa dark brown to black), sometimes lateral edges of T3 and T4, most of laterotergites 1–4, most sternites and hypopygium (partial or completely) (as in |
31 |
– | Body with much less extensive yellow-orange coloration: usually metacoxa (and sometimes also pro- and meso- coxae) partially to completely reddish, brown or black; axillar complex, tergites, most of laterotergites, and hypopygium (partial or completely) dark brown to black; tegula and humeral complex color variable but rarely both yellow | 43 |
31(30) | T2 mostly sculptured ( |
|
– | T2 mostly smooth, at most with some sculpture near the posterior margin | 32 |
32(30) | T1 length at least 3.8 × (usually more than 4.0 ×) its width at posterior margin ( |
33 |
– | T1 length at most 3.2 × its width at posterior margin |
34 |
33(32) | Body length 3.0–3.2 mm, forewing length 3.1–3.3 mm; tegula and humeral complex dark brown; anteromesoscutum with two orange spots laterally near posterior margin ( |
|
– | Body length 2.4–2.7 mm, forewing length 2.6–2.7 mm; tegula and humeral complex yellow; anteromesoscutum entirely black ( |
|
34(32) | T1 length 1.8 × its width; |
|
– | T1 length usually more than 2.3 × its width; |
35 |
35(34) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.3 × as long as metatibia ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths usually shorter than metatibia (rarely 1.1–1.2 ×); body length and fore wing length usually less than 3.0 mm, |
36 |
36(35) | Metacoxae entirely or mostly (anterior 0.5 or more) dark brown to black (as in |
37 |
– | All coxae entirely white, yellow or bright orange, at most with small brown spot on anterior 0.1 or less (as in |
38 |
37(36) | Fore wing with length of vein r 1.4 × or less length of vein 2RS; ocular-ocellar line at least 2.4 × posterior ocellus diameter; T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.7 × its length | |
– | Fore wing with length of vein r 2.4 × length of vein 2RS; ocular-ocellar line 2.2 × posterior ocellus diameter; T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.3 × its length | |
38(36) | Ocular-ocellar line 2.5 × as long as posterior ocellus diameter; |
|
– | Ocular-ocellar line at most 2.2 × as long as posterior ocellus diameter; |
39 |
39(38) | Mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured (as in |
40 |
– | Mesoscutellar disc mostly smooth, at most with few, scattered punctures near margins, central part smooth (as in |
41 |
40(39) | Ovipositor sheaths clearly as long or longer as metatibia (1.0–1.2 ×, rarely 0.9 ×); tarsal claws with one basal spine-like seta | |
– | Ovipositor sheaths clearly shorter than metatibia (0.4 ×) ( |
|
41(39) | T1 mostly sculptured, with excavated area centrally with transverse striation inside and polished knob centrally on posterior margin of mediotergite |
|
– | T1 mostly smooth (as in |
42 |
42(41) | T1 almost always black, same color of propodeum (some decoloured specimens may have T1 dark brown); T1 length at most 2.3 × its width, and mostly strongly sculptured, with longitudinal striation laterally and a central excavated area with transverse striation ( |
|
– | T1 orange-yellow, orange or light brown, always lighter than propodeum color (as in |
|
43(30) | Tegula different in color from humeral complex | 44 |
– | Tegula same color as humeral complex | 57 |
44(43) | Pterostigma mostly transparent or white, with thin brown borders; |
45 |
– | Pterostigma either fully brown, mostly brown (at most with small pale area centrally or anteriorly), or fully white, without brown borders; |
51 |
45(44) | T1 at most 1.3 × as long as wide at posterior margin, |
|
– | T1 at least 1.7 × as long as wide (usually much more), |
46 |
46(45) | Glossa elongate in both sexes ( |
|
– | Glossa not elongate | 47 |
47(46) | Ovipositor sheaths usually more than 1.2 × metatibial length, |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths usually less than 1.1 × metatibial length; |
48 |
48(47) | Propodeum with sculpture on anterior half different from posterior half (which is either smoother or with clearly different pattern of sculpture than the anterior half) ( |
49 |
– | Propodeum fully sculptured, without much difference in sculpture between anterior and posterior halves (as in |
50 |
49(48) | T2 width at posterior margin at most 2.7 × (usually 2.5 × or less) its length ( |
|
– | T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.5 × its length ( |
|
50(48) | Profemur partially, and meso- and metafemora completely, dark brown to black; ovipositor relatively thick (anterior width 2.0 × as posterior width) ( |
|
– | Pro- and mesofemora completely to partially yellow-orange; ovipositor relatively thin, about same width throughout its length ( |
|
51(44) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.4–1.5 × as long as metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths usually less than 1.1 × as long as metatibia length; |
52 |
52(51) | Glossa elongate ( |
|
– | Glossa not elongate | 53 |
53(51) | T1 mostly parallel-sided for 0.7 of its length, then strongly narrowing posteriorly so T1 length at least 3.0 × its width at posterior margin ( |
|
– | T1 either clearly widening towards posterior margin, or slightly widening from anterior margin to 0.7–0.8 mediotergite length (where maximum width is reached), then narrowing towards posterior margin, or parallel-sided so T1 length at most 2.5 × its width at posterior margin (usually much less than that) | 54 |
54(53) | T1 clearly widening towards posterior margin, 1.3 × as long as wide at posterior margin; T2 with posterior margin sinuate ( |
|
– | T1 parallel-sided or slightly widening from anterior margin to 0.7–0.8 mediotergite length (where maximum width is reached), then narrowing towards posterior margin, so T1 length at least 2.0 × its width at posterior margin; T2 with posterior margin straight, thus central and lateral areas of same length (as in |
55 |
55(54) | Ovipositor sheaths 0.6 × as long as metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths usually as long as or longer than metatibia length, |
56 |
56(55) | Body length at most 2.4 mm, and fore wing length at most 2.7 mm; mesofemur fully yellow; mesoscutellar disc mostly smooth ( |
|
– | Body length at least 3.3 mm (usually more), and fore wing length at least 3.3 mm (usually more); mesofemur anterior 0.5–0.8 dark brown ( |
|
57(43) | T1 length more than 4.5 × its posterior width ( |
|
– | T1 length less than 3.7 × its posterior width; vannal lobe usually strongly concave, centrally without setae (or with very small, very sparse setae); metacoxa usually entirely dark brown to black | 58 |
58(57) | Ovipositor sheaths 0.5 × as long as metatibia ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 0.8 × as long as metatibia; |
59 |
59(58) | Glossa elongate ( |
|
– | Glossa not elongate; tarsal claws usually with single basal spine-like seta | 60 |
60(59) | Pterostigma entirely brown or brown with pale spot at base | 61 |
– | Pterostigma entirely transparent or mostly transparent with only thin brown borders | 63 |
61(60) | At least pro- and mesocoxae entirely pale (white-yellow, yellow, or orange) ( |
|
– | All coxae dark brown to black | 62 |
62(61) | Tegula, humeral complex, all femora and tibiae yellow (metafemur with small brown spot on posterior 0.2 × or less) ( |
|
– | Tegula, humeral complex, meso- and metafemora dark, metatibia (partially), and usually mesotibia (partially) dark brown to black ( |
|
63(60) | Tegula and humeral complex dark brown to black, |
|
– | Tegula and humeral complex yellow, |
64 |
64(63) | T1 length 1.5 × its width ( |
|
– | T1 length at least 2.4 × its width ( |
Alphabetical lists of Mesoamerican
Ordered by species | Ordered by species-groups | ||
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Species | Species-group | Species-group | Species |
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This group comprises 19 species, defined by having ovipositor sheaths usually >1.2 × metatibia length; femora mostly (except for posterior half of profemur) dark brown to black; tegula yellow-white and humeral complex half yellow-white, half dark brown; and mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin at least 2.9 × its median length. The group is supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 0.5 for the whole group, most of its species have PP between 0.9–1.0;
1 | Metatibia entirely or mostly (>0.7 posteriorly) dark brown to black, with yellow-orange coloration restricted to anterior 0.2 or less (as in |
2 |
– | Metatibia yellow-orange at least on anterior 0.5 (usually more), with dark brown to black coloration restricted to posterior 0.5 or less (as in |
11 |
2(1) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.0–1.1 × as long as metatibia | 3 |
– | Ovipositor sheaths 1.3–1.6 × as long as metatibia | 5 |
3(2) | T1 parallel-sided for 0.7–0.8 of its length, then narrowing posteriorly so mediotergite anterior width >1.1 × posterior width; T2 width at posterior margin 4.4 × its medial length ( |
|
– | T1 slightly widening from anterior margin to 0.7–0.8 mediotergite length (where maximum width is reached), then narrowing towards posterior margin, with widest part of tergite (centrally) being 1.2 × that of base and/or apex; T2 width at posterior margin at most 3.1 × its medial length (as in |
4 |
4(3) | Flagellomerus 2 2.4 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.3 × as long as wide; metafemur 3.3 × as long as wide; fore wing with vein 2RS 1.9 × as long as vein 2M | |
– | Flagellomerus 2 2.9 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.7 × as long as wide; metafemur 2.9 × as long as wide; fore wing with vein 2RS 1.1 × as long as vein 2M | |
5(2) | Mesoscutellar disc mostly smooth ( |
6 |
– | Mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured, or at least with punctures near margins; tarsal claws with single basal spine-like seta | 7 |
6(5) | Metatibia with inner spur 2.0 × as long as outer spur; flagellomerus 2 2.2 × as long as wide; T1 2.0 × as long as wide at posterior margin; fore wing with vein r 1.2 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.5 × as long as vein 2M [Cocoons: Gregarious. Hosts: |
|
– | Metatibia with inner spur 1.3 × as long as outer spur; flagellomerus 2 2.9 × as long as wide; T1 2.6 × as long as wide at posterior margin; fore wing with vein r 1.8 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 2.1 × as long as vein 2M [Cocoons: Solitary. Hosts: |
|
7(5) | Fore wing with vein r at most 1.4 × as long as vein 2RS; metafemur 3.4 × as long as wide; interocellar distance usually 1.5 × as long as ocellus diameter (rarely up to 1.7 ×); ovipositor sheaths at least 1.6 × as long as metatibia (very rarely 1.5 ×) ( |
|
– | Fore wing with vein r at least 1.6 × as long as vein 2RS (usually more than 1.7 ×); metafemur at most 3.3 × as long as wide (usually much less); interocellar distance usually more than 1.8 × as long as ocellus diameter (rarely 1.7 ×); ovipositor sheaths at most 1.4 × as long as metatibia, usually less (very rarely 1.5 ×) ( |
8 |
8(7) | T2 width at posterior margin at most 2.9 × its length ( |
|
– | T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.2 × its length (usually 3.5 ×) ( |
9 |
9(8) | T2 mostly smooth; T2 width at posterior margin at most 3.2 × its length ( |
|
– | T2 usually with some sculpture; T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.5 × its length ( |
10 |
10(9) | Fore wing with vein r 2.3 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.2 × as long as vein 2M; mesoscutellar disc with punctures near margins, central part mostly smooth [Hosts: |
|
– | Fore wing with vein r 1.8 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.5 × as long as vein 2M; mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured [Hosts: |
|
11(1) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.0 × as long as metatibia (rarely 1.1 ×) ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths 1.3-1.6 × as long as metatibia (rarely 1.2 ×) ( |
12 |
12(11) | T2 width at posterior margin at most 2.9 × its length, |
13 |
– | T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.2 × its length (usually much more), |
15 |
13(12) | Tarsal claws simple; fore wing with vein r 1.6 × as long as vein 2Rs, vein 2RS 1.6 × as long as vein 2M, and vein 2M 0.6 × as long as vein (RS+M)b | |
– | Tarsal claws with single basal spine-like seta; fore wing with vein r at least 1.7 × as long as vein 2Rs, vein 2RS at most 1.3 × as long as vein 2M, and vein 2M at least 0.9 × as long as vein (RS+M)b | 14 |
14(13) | Interocellar distance at most 2.0 × ocellus diameter (usually less than 1.8 ×); mesoscutellar disc with punctures near the margin, central part mostly smooth; T1 length 2.1 × its width at posterior margin; ovipositor sheaths usually 1.5–1.6 × as long as metatibia length; |
|
– | Interocellar distance 2.1 × ocellus diameter; mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured; T1 length 1.7 × its width at posterior margin; ovipositor sheaths usually 1.3–1.4 × as long as metatibia length; body length 2.9–3.0 mm; fore wing length 3.1–3.4 mm | |
15(12) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.6 × as long as metatibia; flagellomerus 2 2.5 × as long as wide; metatibial inner spur 1.7 × as long as outer spur | |
– | Ovipositor sheaths at most 1.4 × as long as metatibia; flagellomerus 2 at least 2.6 × as long as wide (usually 2.9 × or more); metatibial inner spur at most 1.5 × as long as outer spur (usually less than 1.4 ×) | 16 |
16(15) | T2 fully sculptured; T2 width at posterior margin 4.6 × its length ( |
|
– | T2 mostly smooth, at most with weak and sparse punctures laterally near posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin at most 3.6 × its length ( |
17 |
17(16) | Interocellar distance 2.2 × as long as posterior ocellus diameter; mesoscutellar disc with punctures near the margin, central part mostly smooth | |
– | Interocellar distance 1.8 × as long as posterior ocellus diameter; mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured | 18 |
18(17) | T1 parallel-sided; T2 with some sculpture, mostly near posterior margin; fore wing with vein 2RS 1.0 × as long as vein 2M; outer margin of hypopygium extending about the same length of last tergites | |
– | T1 slightly widening from anterior margin to 0.7–0.8 mediotergite length (where maximum width is reached), then narrowing towards posterior margin; T2 mostly smooth; fore wing with vein 2RS 1.5 × as long as vein 2M; outer margin of hypopygium clearly extending beyond last tergites |
This group comprises nine species with mesofemur, metafemur and all or most of metatibia dark brown to black; pterostigma with thin brown borders, centrally white or translucid; and mediotergite 1 with strong longitudinal striations. The group is likely to be artificial, at least partially, and it may end being part of a larger group (including the current
1 | Metatibia with black coloration at most on posterior 0.3–0.5 ( |
|
– | Metatibia almost completely black, except for anterior 0.2 or less which is yellow (as in |
2 |
2(1) | T1 length at least 2.1 × its width at posterior margin |
3 |
– | T1 length at most 1.7 × (usually 1.6 × or less) its width at posterior margin |
7 |
3(2) | A total of 18 diagnostic characters in the barcoding region: 81 G, 82 C, 99 A, 129 C, 136 A, 144 T, 189 C, 237 T, 246 C, 264 A, 327 C, 348 T, 357 C, 363 T, 387 A, 392 T, 502 C, 573 C [Hosts: |
|
– | Barcoding region with 18 diagnostic nucleotides at positions: 81 A, 82 T, 99 T, 129 T, 136 T, 144 A, 189 T, 237 C, 246 T, 264 T or C, 327 T, 348 C, 357 T, 363 A, 387 T, 392 A or C, 502 T, 573 A or T | 4 |
4(3) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.4 × as long as metatibia ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at most 1.2 × as long as metatibia; T1 length at least 2.1 × its width at posterior margin | 5 |
5(4) | Ovipositor sheaths length 0.8–0.9 × metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths length 1.0–1.2 × metatibia length ( |
6 |
6(5) | Fore wing with vein r 1.7 × as long as vein 2RS; flagellomerus 2 2.9 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.7 × as long as wide [Hosts: |
|
– | Fore wing with vein r at most 1.4 × as long as vein 2RS; flagellomerus 2 3.1 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 at most 1.5 × as long as wide [Hosts: |
|
7(2) | Ovipositor sheaths at most 0.8 × metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 1.0 × metatibia length ( |
8 |
8(7) | T1 length 1.7 × its width at posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin 4.4 × its length [Hosts: |
|
– | T1 length 1.5 × its width at posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin 5.2 × its length [Hosts: |
This group comprises three species characterized by extensive yellow-orange coloration, ocular-ocellar line 2.5 × posterior ocellus diameter, and fore wing with vein 2M as long as vein (RS+M)b. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Ovipositor sheaths 0.9–1.0 × metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at most 0.6 × metatibia length ( |
2 |
2(1) | Metafemur mostly yellow, at most brown on posterior 0.3 (usually less) ( |
|
– | Metafemur mostly brown, at most yellow on anterior 0.4 (usually less) ( |
This group comprises 13 species which are unique among all Mesoamerican
1 | Meso- and metafemora yellow (metafemora may have small, dark spot on posterior 0.1); metatibia mostly yellow, at most with dark brown to black spot in posterior 0.2 or less (rarely 0.3) of its length ( |
2 |
– | Mesofemur (partially or completely) and metafemur (completely) dark brown to black; metatibia usually brown to black in posterior 0.3-0.5 (rarely 0.2) of its length ( |
4 |
2(1) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.2 × metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 1.7 × metatibia length ( |
3 |
3(2) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.8 mm long; fore wing length 1.9 × as long as ovipositor sheaths length [Hosts: |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths 2.1–2.3 mm long; fore wing length 1.6–1.7 × as long as ovipositor sheaths length [Host: |
|
4(1) | All trochantelli, profemur, tegula and humeral complex entirely yellow ( |
|
– | All trochantelli and part of profemur (basal 0.2–0.5) dark brown to black, tegula yellow, humeral complex half brown, half yellow; meso- and metafemur completely dark brown to black (mesofemur rarely with 0.2 or less yellow) | 5 |
5(4) | Ovipositor sheaths at most 1.6 × as long as metatibia length | 6 |
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 1.8 × as long as metatibia length | 9 |
6(5) | Pterostigma mostly dark brown with small, paler area centrally ( |
|
– | Pterostigma mostly pale (yellow-white) or transparent, with only thin borders brown ( |
7 |
7(6) | Body length and fore wing length 3.0 mm; T1 width at posterior margin 0.6 × width at anterior margin [Hosts: |
|
– | Body length and fore wing length at least 3.3 mm; T1 width at posterior margin 0.8 × width at anterior margin [Hosts: |
8 |
8(7) | Scutoscutellar sulcus with 8 pits; fore wing with vein r 2.2 × vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.3 × vein 2M; T1 length 2.7 × its width at posterior margin; flagellomerus 2 2.9 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.8 × as long as wide; ocular-ocellar line 2.3 × posterior ocellus diameter | |
– | Scutoscutellar sulcus with at least 11 pits; fore wing with vein r 1.4 × vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.6 × vein 2M; T1 length 2.3 × its width at posterior margin; flagellomerus 2 2.6 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.5 × as long as wide; ocular-ocellar line 2.6 × posterior ocellus diameter | |
9(5) | Pterostigma mostly dark brown with small, paler area centrally ( |
|
– | Pterostigma mostly pale (yellow-white) or transparent, with only thin borders brown ( |
10 |
10(9) | Metatibia mostly orange, with posterior 0.2 light brown ( |
|
– | Metatibia with posterior 0.4–0.5 dark brown to black ( |
11 |
11(10) | T1 length 2.2 × its width at posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin 2.2 × its length; metafemur 3.2–3.3 × as long as wide [ |
|
– | T1 length at least 2.4 × its width at posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin at most 1.9 × its length; metafemur 2.9–3.1 × as long as wide [ |
12 |
12(11) | T1 length 2.4 × its width at posterior margin; fore wing with vein r at least 2.3 × vein 2RS, vein 2RS 1.1 × vein 2M, and pterostigma 3.2 × as long as wide [ |
|
– | T1 length 2.9 × its width at posterior margin; fore wing with vein r 1.8 × vein 2RS, vein 2RS 1.5 × vein 2M, and pterostigma 3.8 × as long as wide [ |
This group comprises 14 species and is defined by the hypopygium either unfolded or with a relatively wide and translucid fold with none or very few (1-3) pleats only in the outermost area of fold. The species have a thick ovipositor (as thick as or thicker than width of median flagellomerus), with anterior width 3.0-5.0 × its posterior width beyond the constriction. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Hypopygium without a median fold, with 0 or, at most, 1 small pleat visible ( |
2 |
– | Hypopygium with a median fold and a few (1–3) pleats visible ( |
6 |
2(1) | Meso and metafemur (completely), and metatibia (at least partially) dark brown to black ( |
|
– | All femora and tibiae yellow (at most with some infuscation on posterior 0.2 × or less of metafemur and metatibia) ( |
3 |
3(2) | Metafemur and metatibia yellow to light brown, with posterior 0.2 × dark brown; tegula pale, humeral complex half pale, half dark; pterostigma brown, with small pale area centrally ( |
4 |
– | Metafemur, metatibia, tegula and humeral complex yellow; pterostigma mostly pale or transparent with thin brown borders ( |
5 |
4(3) | Flagellomerus 2 2.6 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.9 × as long as wide; mesoscutellar disc 1.5 × as long as wide; T1 3.4 × as long as wide at posterior margin [Hosts: |
|
– | Flagellomerus 2 2.9 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 14 1.6 × as long as wide; mesoscutellar disc 1.2 × as long as wide; T1 2.7 × as long as wide at posterior margin [Hosts: |
|
5(3) | Pro- and mesocoxae dark brown, metacoxa black; flagellomerus 2 2.2 × as long as wide; T2 width at posterior margin 3.6 × its length [Host: |
|
– | Pro- and mesocoxae yellow-brown, metacoxa dark brown; flagellomerus 2 3.0 × as long as wide; T2 width at posterior margin 4.7 × its length [Host: |
|
6(1) | T1 almost completely smooth and polished, at most with few punctures near posterior margin ( |
|
– | T1 with at least some sculpture in posterior 0.3-0.5 ( |
7 |
7(6) | Meso- and metafemora entirely or mostly dark brown to black ( |
|
– | All femora mostly yellow (sometimes a small dark spot present on posterior end of metafemur), or mesofemur yellow and metafemur brown dorsally and yellow ventrally ( |
8 |
8(7) | Metasoma almost completely yellow ( |
|
– | Metasoma mostly dark brown to black, the yellow parts, if any, limited to some sternites and/or laterotergites [Hosts: |
9 |
9(8) | Pterostigma brown with at most a small pale spot at base, most veins brown ( |
10 |
– | Pterostigma transparent or whitish with only thin brown borders, most veins transparent ( |
12 |
10(9) | T1 3.0 × as long as wide at posterior margin ( |
|
– | T1 at least 3.6 × as long as wide at posterior margin ( |
11 |
11(10) | Metafemur, metatibia and metatarsus yellow, at most with small dark spots in apex of metafemur and metatibia ( |
|
– | Metafemur brown dorsally and yellow ventrally, metatibia with a darker area on apical 0.2–0.3 ×, metatarsus dark ( |
|
12(9) | T1 at least 4.0 × as long as posterior width ( |
|
– | T1 at most 2.6 × as long as posterior width ( |
13 |
13(12) | T2 width at posterior margin 3.6 × its length; fore wing with vein r 2.4 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 0.9 × as long as vein 2M [Hosts: |
|
– | T2 width at posterior margin 4.3 × its length; fore wing with vein r 1.6 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.5 × as long as vein 2M [Hosts: |
This group comprises two species, characterized by pterostigma fully brown; all coxae dark brown to black; tegula, humeral complex, all femora and all tibiae yellow (metafemur with small brown spot on posterior 0.2 × or less); and ovipositor sheaths at least 1.4 × as long as metatibia length. Molecular data does not support this group. Hosts:
1 | Scape anterior 0.6–0.7, entire metatibia and metatarsus yellow ( |
|
– | Scape almost completely dark brown ( |
This group comprises two species, characterized by relatively small body size (body length at most 2.4 mm and fore wing length at most 2.7 mm), mesoscutellar disc smooth, tegula and humeral complex of different color, and brown pterostigma. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Antenna shorter than body length, extending to half metasoma length; ovipositor sheaths slightly shorter (0.9 ×) than metatibia length ( |
|
– | Antenna about same length than body; ovipositor sheaths 1.3 × as long as metatibia length ( |
Proposed by Nixon, this is a heterogeneous assemble that contains “many aggregates of species that are not closely related but merge into one another through transitional forms”, and is characterized by having “a well defined areola and costulae in the propodeum, and a vannal lobe that is centrally concave and without setae” (
[The species
1 | Pterostigma relatively broad, its length less than 2.5 × its width | |
– | Pterostigma relatively narrow, its length more than 3.0 × its width | 2 |
2(1) | Pterostigma entirely brown or brown with pale spot at base ( |
2 |
– | Pterostigma entirely transparent or mostly transparent with only thin brown borders (as in |
7 |
3(2) | Tarsal claws simple | |
– | Tarsal claws with a single basal spine-like seta | 4 |
4(3) | Metacoxa entirely dark brown to black ( |
|
– | Metacoxa entirely yellow-white or orange, at most with small brown spot on anterior end ( |
5 |
5(4) | Mesoscutellar disc mostly smooth; T2 and T3 yellow-orange ( |
|
– | Mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured; T2 and T3 black ( |
6 |
6(5) | Mesocoxa yellow with anterior 0.3 brown ( |
|
– | Mesocoxa entirely yellow ( |
|
7(2) | Pro-, meso-, and part of metacoxa yellow-orange; tegula and humeral complex yellow ( |
|
– | At least meso- and metacoxae (sometimes also procoxa) dark brown to black ( |
This group comprises four species, characterized by extensive yellow coloration (and usually orange marks on posterior 0.2–0.3 × of anteromesoscutum and upper anterior corner of mesopleura), T1 black (same color of propodeum) and mostly strongly sculptured, with longitudinal striation laterally and a central excavated area with transverse striation. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Anteromesoscutum and mesopleura completely black ( |
|
– | Anteromesoscutum with posterior 0.2–0.3 (especially centrally and along posterior margin) and upper anterior corner of mesopleura orange ( |
2 |
2(1) | Body length 2.3–2.4 mm; fore wing length 2.5–2.6 mm; ovipositor sheaths 0.6 × as long as metatibia; fore wing with vein r 1.7 × as long as vein 2RS; mesoscutellar disc rather strongly punctured near margins ( |
|
– | Body length length at least 2.7 mm (usually more); fore wing length at least 2.9 mm (usually more); ovipositor sheaths at least 0.8 × as long as metatibia; fore wing with vein r at most 1.4 × as long as vein 2RS; mesoscutellar disc either smooth, or with shallow punctures ( |
3 |
3(2) | T1 2.3 × as long as wide at posterior margin; T2 3.9 × as wide as its medial length ( |
|
– | T1 3.3 × as long as wide at posterior margin; T2 3.3 × as wide as its median length ( |
This group comprises three species, sharing with the
1 | Profemur except for at most anterior 0.2, mesofemur in posterior 0.2, and metatibia in anterior 0.7 orange-yellow ( |
|
– | Promefur in anterior 0.5, mesofemur entirely, and metatibia in posterior 0.4–0.8 black to dark brown ( |
2 |
2(1) | Metatibia almost completely black, except for anterior 0.2 or less which is yellow; T1 2.6 × as long as wide at posterior margin [Hosts: |
|
– | Metatibia at most with black on posterior 0.4–0.5; T1 2.3 × as long as wide at posterior margin [Hosts: |
This group comprises three species with pectinate tarsal claws, an almost unique feature within the Mesoamerican species of
1 | Sternites and hypopygium dark brown to black ( |
|
– | Sternites and hypopygium mostly to completely yellow, at most light brown (as in |
2 |
2(1) | Mesoscutellum with non-polished area of lateral face with striae interrupted dorsally by a smooth area marking a clear separation from axilla (axilla also with striated sculpture) ( |
|
– | Mesoscutellum with non-polished area of lateral face with striae that continue towards axilla, with no clear or polished area separating both striated surfaces ( |
This group comprises six species with extensive yellow-orange coloration, smooth mesoscutellar disc, mediotergite 1 weakly sculptured and light coloured with orange-yellow to light brown (males tend to have tergites with darker coloration, compared to females). The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | T1 light brown, distinctly darker than T2 ( |
2 |
– | T1 entirely orange or orange-yellow, same color as T2 ( |
3 |
2(1) | Fore wing with vein r 1.8–2.0 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.0 × as long as vein 2M | |
– | Fore wing with vein r 1.3 × as long as vein 2RS, and vein 2RS 1.6 × as long as vein 2M | |
3(1) | T2 width at posterior margin at most 3.1 × its median length ( |
4 |
– | T2 width at posterior margin at least 3.9 × its median length ( |
5 |
4(3) | T1 2.5 × as long as wide at posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin 3.1 × median length; fore wing with vein 2RS 1.6 × as long as vein 2M [Hosts: |
|
– | T1 3.1 × as long as wide at posterior margin; T2 width at posterior margin 2.7 × median length; fore wing with vein 2RS 1.9 × as long as vein 2M [Hosts: |
|
5(3) | Metatarsus, posterior 0.3 of metatibia, and posterior 0.1 of metafemur brown to black, contrasting with rest of hind leg which is orange-yellow; body length 3.2–3.4 mm; fore wing length 3.4–3.6 mm; fore wing with vein r 2.1 × as long as 2RS; flagellomerus 2 2.6 × as long as wide; metafemur 3.2 × as long as wide [Hosts: |
|
– | Metatarsus yellow or orange-yellow, same color as rest of hind leg, except for 0.2 or less of metatibia which is brown; body length usually 2.5–2.7 mm (rarely up to 3.0 mm); fore wing length 2.7–2.9 mm (rarely up to 3.2 mm); fore wing with vein r 1.3 × as long as 2RS; flagellomerus 2 3.2 × as long as wide; metafemur 2.9 × as long as wide [Hosts: |
This group comprises three species, characterized by hypopygium with relatively short fold where no pleats (or at most one weak pleat) are visible, ovipositor sheaths very short (0.4–0.5 × as long as metatibia), and relatively small size (body length and fore wing length not surpassing 2.5 mm). Another Mesoamerican species,
1 | All coxae, most of metatibia, meso- and metafemora dark brown to black ( |
|
– | All coxae except for posterior 0.5 of metacoxa, at least anterior 0.3 × of metatibia, most of meso- and metafemora, yellow or white-yellow ( |
2 |
2(1) | Face reddish-brown, clearly different in color from rest of head, which is dark brown to black ( |
|
– | Face almost always dark brown to black, same color as rest of head ( |
This group comprises two species, characterized by the combination of folded hypopygium with very few (usually 1-3) pleats occupying just outermost area of fold, small size (fore wing less than 2.8 mm), and all coxae completely yellow. The group is supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 0.66,
1 | Metafemur and metatibia almost entirely orange, with light brown spot on posterior 0.1 × ( |
|
– | Metafemur and metatibia with posterior 0.2–0.3 × brown ( |
Until now,
1 | T2 length at least 2.5 × its width at posterior margin ( |
2 |
– | T2 length at most 1.6 × its width at posterior margin ( |
3 |
2(1) | Metacoxa with posterior 0.3 yellow ( |
|
– | Metacoxa brown; body length and fore wing length at least 2.8 mm; mesoscutellar disc mostly sculptured or sculptured near margins ( |
|
3(2) | Fore wing with vein 2RS 1.4 × vein 2M, and vein 2M 0.7 × vein (RS+M)b; body length usually 2.5–2.6 mm (rarely up to 2.8 mm) and fore wing length 2.6–2.7 mm (rarely up to 2.9 mm); anteromesoscutum with extensive orange coloration ( |
|
– | Fore wing with vein 2RS at most 1.1 × vein 2M, and vein 2M at least 0.9 × vein (RS+M)b; body length and fore wing length usually 3.0 mm or more (rarely less); anteromesoscutum black ( |
4 |
4(3) | Flagellomerus 2 2.6 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 2 length 2.6 × flagellomerus 14 length; tarsal claws simple; T1 parallel-sided; metacoxa partially yellow ( |
|
– | Flagellomerus 2 at most 2.2 × as long as wide; flagellomerus 2 length at most 2.2 × flagellomerus 14 length; tarsal claws with single basal spine-like seta; T1 clearly widening towards posterior margin; metacoxa entirely brown; ocular-ocellar line at least 2.0 × posterior ocellus diameter |
This is an artificial group, neither supported by molecular nor host data, but only for some morphological resemblance of the species. It comprises
1 | T1 smooth and more than 4.0 × as long as its posterior width ( |
|
– | T1 mostly sculptured and less than 4.0 × as long as its posterior width ( |
2 |
2(1) | Ovipositor sheaths 1.2 × as long as metatibia ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at most 0.6 × as long as metatibia ( |
3 |
3(2) | Mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured ( |
|
– | Mesoscutellar disc smooth ( |
This group was proposed by
1 | T1 less than 2.0 × as long as width at its posterior margin and sculptured on its anterior half; T2 width at posterior margin 3.0 × its length; fore wing with vein r 1.0 × as long as vein 2RS; metatibia with basal 0.3 yellow, rest brown; mesoscutellum lunules at least 0.8 × as high as maximum height of lateral face of scutellum [Host: |
|
– | T1 more than 2 × as long as width at its posterior margin and either mostly sculptured or with some sculpture near the lateral borders and/or the apical 0.3–0.5 ( |
2 |
2(1) | T1 usually less than 3 × as long as width at its posterior margin and heavily sculptured medially, with two strong, median longitudinal carinae on apical half ( |
|
– | T1 usually more than 3 × as long as width at its posterior margin and mostly smooth ( |
This group comprises two species, characterized by pterostigma mostly transparent with only thin brown borders, tegula and humeral complex yellow, all coxae dark brown to black, mediotergite 1 at least 2.4 × as long as wide at posterior margin, and mediotergite 2 mostly scultured. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Interocellar distance 2.1 × as long as ocellus diameter; ocular-ocellar line 2.4 × as long as posterior ocellus diameter; flagellomerus 2 2.8 as long as wide; fore wing with vein R1 4.0 × as long as distance between ends of veins R1 and 3RS | |
– | Interocellar distance 1.3 × as long as ocellus diameter; ocular-ocellar line 2.0 × as long as posterior ocellus diameter; flagellomerus 2 3.3 as long as wide; fore wing with vein R1 6.0 × as long as distance between ends of veins R1 and 3RS |
This group comprises five species, characterized by extensive extensive yellow-orange coloration (including tegula and humeral complex, parts of the axillar complex, most of laterotergites 1–4, all sternites, and hypopygium), mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured, and mediotergite 1 more than 2.3 × as long as wide. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Ovipositor sheaths 0.5 × metatibia length ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 0.8 × metatibia length (usually more) ( |
2 |
2(1) | T3 mostly yellow (except for thin brown border on anterior margin) ( |
|
– | T3 either entirely dark brown or with extensive, dark brown, central band, covering 0.4–0.5 of tergite and running from anterior to posterior margins ( |
3 |
3(2) | Ovipositor sheaths 0.8 × metatibia length (rarely up to 0.9 ×) ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths 1.0-1.2 × metatibia length (as in |
4 |
4(3) | T1 lenght 3.2 × its width at posterior margin; ocular-ocellar line 2.1 × posterior ocellus diameter; flagellomerus 2 2.9 × as long as wide | |
– | T1 length 2.5–2.8 × its width at posterior margin; ocular-ocellar line 1.8 × posterior ocellus diameter; flagellomerus 2 2.7 × as long as wide |
This group contains two species characterized by its pleated hypopygium, thick and strong ovipositor (with basal width 3–5× its apical width posterior to constriction), antenna shorter than body, and maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules 0.4 × maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Metatibia almost entirely dark brown, with at most anterior 0.2 yellow; body length at most 2.3 mm and fore wing length at most 2.5 mm; T1 mostly smooth, with some sculpture near postero-lateral margins ( |
|
– | Metatibia with anterior 0.5–0.6 yellow; body length at least 2.7 mm and fore wing length at least 2.8 mm; T1 with strong longitudinally striate sculpture at least on posterior 0.5 ( |
This is a somewhat artificial group, not supported by molecular data, although the two component species share some morphological resemblance as well as similar hosts. It also looks morphologically similar to the
1 | T1 at least 4.5 × as long as its posterior width ( |
|
– | T1 at most 2.8 × as long as its posterior width ( |
This group, comprising two species, should only be considered as interim, based on morphological evidence (strong, longitudinally striate sculpture on mediotergite 1; mediotergite 2 fully sculptured; all coxae black; pterostigma and most of veins on fore wing brown), although it is not supported by molecular data. Hosts:
1 | Ovipositor sheaths 0.9 × as long as metatibia ( |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths 1.2 × as long as metatibia ( |
This group comprises two species, characterized by extensive yellow coloration, smooth mediotergite 2, and ovipositor sheaths 1.4 × as long as metatibia. The long ovipositor differentiates this group from the rest of the Mesoamerican species with extensive yellow coloration (which usually have ovipositor sheaths shorter than metatibia, at most 1.2 × as long in a few cases). Also, the barcode for
1 | T3, laterotergites 1–3, sternites, and hypopygium mostly yellow (at most light brown near margins of T3 and hypopygium) ( |
|
– | T3 completely, and most of laterotergites 1–3, sternites, and hypopygium dark brown to black ( |
This comprises two species, characterized by glossa elongate (
1 | Antenna shorter than body, at most extending to half of metasoma; body length and fore wing length 2.4 mm; T1 length 2.4 × its width at posterior margin; T2 mostly sculptured | |
– | Antenna about same length or slightly larger than body; body length 2.5–3.0 mm, and fore wing length 2.6–3.0 mm; T1 length at most 2.0 × its width at posterior margin; T2 mostly smooth |
This group comprises one described species, although we have seen another undescribed species from the same area (with the interim name
This group includes two species, characterized by ovipositor sheaths half the length of metatibia, relatively short inner metatibial spur (at most 0.4 × as long as first segment of metatarsus), and body extensively dark brown to black (including full meso- and meta- soma, and all coxae). All other known species of Mesoamerican
1 | Fore wing with vein r 1.4 × as long as vein 2RS, vein 2M 1.5 × as long as vein (RS+M)b; flagellomerus 2 2.7 × as long as wide; interocellar distance 1.3 × as long as posterior ocelli diameter; metatibia dark brown to black on posterior 0.8 ( |
|
– | Fore wing with vein r 1.7 × as long as vein 2RS, vein 2M 0.7 × as long as vein (RS+M)b; flagellomerus 2 3.2 × as long as wide; interocellar distance 1.7 × as long as posterior ocelli diameter; metatibia dark brown to black on posterior 0.4–0.5 ( |
This group, by far the largest in Mesoamerica, comprises 39 species in this paper. It is defined by a thick ovipositor (as thick or thicker than the width of the median flagellomeres, and with anterior width 3.0–5.0 × its posterior width beyond the constriction), ovipositor sheaths 0.5–1.1 × as long as metatibia, propodeum with strong sculpture limited to anterior half, the posterior half mostly smooth; mesoscutellum with lateral face bearing a polished area 0.7 × or more the height of the face, pterostigma and most of fore wing white or transparent, and mediotergite 1 widening towards posterior 0.7, then narrowing toward posterior margin. The group is supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 0.74,
This is the only group where we extensively used molecular (i.e., barcoding) and biological (i.e., host records) characters in the key. Likewise, the species descriptions were also simplified and only include some morphological traits (plus full details on barcoding and host data). This was mostly due to the paucity of morphological characters that serve to distinguish different species. Relying solely on DNA barcoding and/or host data to describe and key species has been done before in
However, we did some preliminary study of using morphometrics to separate species, and the results (unpublished) suggest that morphometrics may work for many, although not all, of the species in this group. We describe here the species that have been found in ACG for the sake of completing its inventory of
The species
1 | Metatibia entirely or mostly (>0.7) dark brown to black, with yellow to white usually restricted to anterior 0.2 at most (rarely with pale area extending up to anterior 0.3 of metatibia) (as in |
2 |
– | Metatibia light yellow to orange-yellow from 0.4 to almost entire metatibia (as in |
26 |
2(1) | Ovipositor sheaths at least 1.0 × as long as metatibia and 1.3 × as long as metafemur | 3 |
– | Ovipositor sheaths at most 0.9 × as long as metatibia and 1.1 × as long as metafemur | 4 |
3(2) | T1 length 2.7–2.8 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.6–1.7 × its width at posterior margin; metafemur usually more than 3.0 × as long as wide (rarely 2.8–2.9 ×) [Host species |
|
– | T1 length 2.5–2.6 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.4–1.5 × its width at posterior margin; metafemur 2.8 × as long as wide [Host species |
|
4(2) | Ovipositor at most 0.7 × as long as metatibia and 0.8 × as long as metafemur | 5 |
– | Ovipositor more than 0.7 × as long as metatibia and usually more than 0.8 × as long as metafemur | 6 |
5(4) | Larger species, body length usually 2.3-2.5 mm (rarely 2.1 mm), and fore wing length usually 2.5–2.6 mm (rarely 2.3–2.4 mm); T1 length 2.7–2.8 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
– | Smaller species, body length at most 2.1 mm, and fore wing length at most 2.3 mm; T1 length 2.5-2.6 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
6(4) | Metafemur at most 2.8 × as long as wide (rarely 2.9 × in individual specimens), |
7 |
– | Metafemur at least 2.9 × as long as wide |
9 |
7(6) | Fore wing length 2.5–2.6 mm and body length at least 2.3 mm (usually more) [Host species: |
|
– | Fore wing length at most 2.4 mm (usually less) and body length usually less than 2.3 mm [Host species: |
8 |
8(7) | T1 length 2.3–2.8 × its width at posterior margin (rarely 2.1–2.2 ×) [Host species: |
|
– | T1 length 2.1–2.2 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
9(6) | Fore wing with veins C+Sc+R and R1 mostly brown; usually veins r, 2RS, 2M, (RS+M)b, 1CU, 2Cua, and 1m-cu partially brown; interior area of other veins, and at least part of pterostigma, usually light brown or yellowish-white (as in |
10 |
– | Fore wing with veins C+Sc+R and R1 with brown coloration restricted narrowly to borders, interior area of those veins and pterostigma (and sometimes veins r, 2RS and 2M) transparent or white; other veins mostly transparent (as in |
19 |
10(9) | Metafemur 2.7 × as long as wide; ovipositor sheaths 0.9 × as long as metatibia and 1.1 × as long as metafemur | |
– | Metafemur at least 2.8 × as long as wide; ovipositor sheaths at most 0.8 × (rarely 0.9 ×) as long as metatibia and at most 1.0 × as long as metafemur | 11 |
11(10) | Maximum width of T1 (at about 0.7–0.8 × its length) more than 1.7 × its width at posterior margin | |
– | Maximum width of T1 (at about 0.7–0.8 × its length) less than 1.6 × its width at posterior margin | 12 |
12(11) | Maximum width of T1 (at about 0.7–0.8 × its length) usually at most 1.2 × its width at posterior margin; T1 appearing almost parallel-sided | |
– | Maximum width of T1 at least 1.3 × its width at posterior margin; T1 clearly appearing to widen from base to 0.7–0.8 × its length, then narrowing towards posterior margin of mediotergite | 13 |
13(12) | Ovipositor sheaths about 0.44 mm, metafemur 0.47 mm, metatibia 0.59 mm, and maximum width of T1 0.18 mm, much shorter than below; body length 1.9–2.0 mm and fore wing 2.1–2.2 mm | |
– | Ovipositor sheaths 0.49–0.59 mm, metafemur 0.54–0.59 mm, metatibia 0.63–0.72 mm and maximum width of T1 0.20–0.25 mm, much longer than above; body length and fore wing usually larger than 2.2 mm, very rarely smaller | 14 |
14(13) | Ovipositor sheaths at most 2.0 × (rarely 2.3 ×) as long as maximum width of T1 | |
– | Ovipositor sheaths at least 2.4 × as long as maximum width of T1 | 15 |
15(14) | Host species: |
16 |
– | Hosts species: |
17 |
16(15) | Body length 1.9–2.0 mm; fore wing 2.1–2.2 mm [Host species: |
|
– | Body length 2.3 mm or more (rarely 2.1 mm); fore wing at least 2.5 mm [Host species: |
|
17(15) | Host species: |
|
– | Hosts species: |
18 |
18(17) | A total of 18 diagnostic characters in the barcoding region: 73 C, 99 A, 205 C, 265 T, 270 T, 286 C, 315 T, 321 A, 358 T, 462 C, 489 T, 528 T, 535 T, 541 T, 564 T, 567 T, 573 A, 624 A, | |
– | A total of 18 diagnostic characters in the barcoding region: 73 T, 99 G, 205 T, 265 C, 270 C, 286 T, 315 A, 312 T, 358 C, 462 T, 489 C, 528 C, 535 C, 541 C, 564 A, 567 C, 573 C, 624 T | |
19(9) | Ovipositor sheaths 0.6–0.8 × (average 0.7 ×) as long as metatibia and 0.8–0.9 × as long as metafemur | 20 |
– | Ovipositor sheaths 0.8–0.9 × (average at least 0.8 ×) as long as metatibia and at least 1.0 × as long as metafemur | 21 |
20(19) | Antenna same length or longer than body; T1 length usually less than 2.3 × its width at posterior margin; ovipositor sheaths 0.7–0.8 × as long as metatibia and 0.8–1.0 × as long as metafemur | |
– | Antenna shorter than body; T1 length 2.5–2.6 × its width at posterior margin; ovipositor sheaths 0.5–0.6 × as long as metatibia and 0.7–0.8 × as long as metafemur | |
21(19) | Host species: |
22 |
– | Host species: either |
23 |
22(21) | Metatibia almost entirely dark brown to black, with yellow to white coloration restricted to anterior 0.1 at most; T1 length 2.3–2.4 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.2–1.3 × its width at posterior margin | |
– | Metatibia with anterior 0.3 yellow; T1 length 2.9 × or more its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.8–1.9 × its width at posterior margin | |
23(21) | Antenna clearly shorter than body length, usually 0.8–0.9 × as long as body; metatibia with anterior 0.3 yellow (a few specimens may have metatibia anterior 0.5 yellow, and will not run through here) | 24 |
– | Antenna as long or slightly longer than body length; metatibia almost entirely dark brown to black, with yellow to white coloration restricted to anterior 0.1 at most | 25 |
24(23) | T1 length more than 3.0 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.8–1.9 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
– | T1 length 2.3–2.4 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.4–1.5 × its width at posterior margin [Hosts species: |
|
25(23) | Body length 2.3–2.6 mm (rarely 2.1–2.2 mm); fore wing length at least 2.5 mm; metafemur length 2.7–3.0 × its width [Host species: |
|
– | Body length 2.1–2.2 mm); fore wing length 2.3–2.4 mm; metafemur length 3.2–3.3 × its width [Host species: |
|
26(2) | Metatibia almost entirely yellow, at most with posterior 0.1 brown or just with slightly darker spot which is almost same color than rest of metatibia | 27 |
– | Metatibia with posterior 0.3–0.4 dark brown, clearly darker than rest of metatibia | 31 |
27(26) | Ovipositor sheaths averaging 0.44 mm (range 0.40–0.46 mm), their length 0.6–0.7 × metatibia length and 0.7–0.8 × metafemur length | |
– | Ovipositor sheaths usually over 0.50 mm ( |
28 |
28(27) | Antenna shorter than body; T1 length 2.7–2.8 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.6–1.7 × its width at posterior margin | |
– | Antenna at least as long as body; T1 length 2.3-2.4 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.4–1.5 × its width at posterior margin | 29 |
29(28) | Host species: |
|
– | Host species: |
30 |
30(29) | Host species: |
|
– | Host species: |
|
31(26) | Fore wing with veins C+Sc+R and R1 mostly brown; usually veins r, 2RS, 2M, (RS+M)b, 1CU, 2Cua, and 1m-cu partially brown; interior area of other veins, and at least part of pterostigma, usually light brown or yellowish-white (as in |
32 |
– | Fore wing with veins C+Sc+R and R1 with brown coloration restricted narrowly to borders, interior area of those veins and pterostigma (and sometimes veins r, 2RS and 2M) transparent or white; other veins mostly transparent (as in |
33 |
32(31) | Ovipositor sheaths 0.8 × as long as metatibia and 1.0 × as long as metafemur; T1 length 2.7–2.8 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
– | Ovipositor sheaths 0.5 × as long as metatibia and 0.6 × as long as metafemur; T1 length 2.3–2.4 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
33(31) | Ovipositor sheaths 0.7 × as long as metatibia |
34 |
– | Ovipositor sheaths usually 0.8 × as long as metatibia (rarely 0.7 ×) |
35 |
34(33) | Body length at most 2.2 mm and fore wing length at most 2.4 mm; metafemur at most 2.9 × as long as wide; T1 length less than 2.0 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
– | Body length at least 2.5 mm and fore wing length at least 2.7 mm; metafemur at least 3.2 × as long as wide; T1 length more than 2.6 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: mostly |
|
35(33) | T1 length 1.9–2.0 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: Mostly |
|
– | T1 length 2.3–2.6 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: Mostly |
36 |
36(35) | T1 length 2.5–2.6 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.6–1.7 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
|
– | T1 length 2.3–2.4 × its width at posterior margin; T1 maximum width 1.4–1.5 × its width at posterior margin [Host species: |
37 |
37(36) | Metafemur length usually less than 3.0 × its width (range: 2.8–3.1 ×); fore wing length 2.2–2.5 mm [Host species: |
|
– | Metafemur length usually more than 3.0 × its width (range: 3.0–3.4 ×); fore wing length 2.5–2.7 mm [Host species: Mostly species of |
This group comprises two species, characterized by relatively large body size (body and fore wing length at least 3.3 mm, usually longer), mesoscutellar disc punctured, tegula and humeral complex of different color, and brown pterostigma. The group is strongly supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis (PP: 1.0,
1 | Meso- and metatrochantellus yellow ( |
|
– | Meso- and metatrochantellus dark brown to black ( |
This group comprises two species, characterized by the combination of relatively long ovipositor sheaths, 1.4–1.5 × as long as metatibia; mesoscutellar disc smooth, contrasting with strongly punctured anteromesoscutum; propodeum strongly carinated and sculptured; pterostigma mostly transparent, with thin brown borders; fore wing with shape of junction of veins r and 2RS strongly angulated, and often with a knob; metafemur and metatibia completely or at least partially yellow-orange; and all coxae dark brown to black. We have tentatively considered this as a group based on the morphological similarities; however, there is no molecular data available for those two species, and the host families are different. Future study might find this group to be completely artificial. Hosts:
1 | Body length at least 3.5 mm, and fore wing length at least 3.7 mm; T1 length 2.4–2.8 × its posterior width; T2 mostly smooth [Hosts: |
|
– | Body length at most 3.0 mm, and fore wing length at most 3.2 mm; T1 length 1.3 × its posterior width; T2 entirely sculptured with longitudinal striation ( |
This group comprises four species, characterized by a relatively broad mediotergite 1 (its length at most 1.3 × its width); pterostigma transparent or whitish with only thin brown borders, and most of the fore wing veins transparent; vein 2M at most 0.6 × as long as vein (RS+M)b; and lateral face of scutellum with polished area 0.7–0.8 × maximum face height. Only for one species there are barcodes available, therefore more data will be needed for molecular analysis of this group, which is considered here as just a interim arrangement of species. Hosts:
1 | Femora mostly yellow-orange, at most with small dark spot on posterior 0.1–0.2 of metafemur ( |
2 |
– | Mesofemur dark brown to black on at least anterior 0.5, metafemur entirely dark brown to reddish ( |
3 |
2(1) | Darker species, with all coxae dark brown to black, metafemur and metatibia with dark spot on posterior 0.1–0.2; flagellomerus 2 3.1 × as long as wide; scutellar suture with up to 13 pits; T2 mostly smooth and width at apex 3.1 × its length ( |
|
– | Lighter species, with at least pro- and meso- coxae light brown to yellow, metafemur and metatibia completely yellow to orange; flagellomerus 2 2.2 × as long as wide; scutellar suture with at most 10 pits; T2 with some sculpture near posterior margin and width at apex at least 3.6 × its length (usually more) ( |
|
3(2) | Glossa weakly elongate ( |
|
– | Glossa not elongate ( |
This group comprises two species, characterized by the combination of pale tegula and humeral complex dark, ovipositor sheaths much shorter (0.6 ×) than metatibia length, and metatrochanter, metatrochantellus, and anterior third of metafemur yellow-white. Molecular data also supports the species as divergent (
This group comprises two unique species among all described
1 | Scape, pedicel (partially), anterior 0.7 of metatibia and anterior 0.6 of first segment of metatarsus yellow ( |
|
– | Scape and pedicel light brown ( |
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Llanura, 135m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Tucan, 410m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039757. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Tucan,
2 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0048170, DHJPAR0039073.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Adriana Chavarría in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Rio Francia Arriba, 400m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Rio Francia Arriba, 27.vii.2001, 400m,
43 ♀, 14 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0003005, DHJPAR0003027, DHJPAR0034265, DHJPAR0034271, DHJPAR0038956, 01-SRNP-5505, 02-SRNP-1979, 04-SRNP-34656, 04-SRNP-34908, 04-SRNP-55638, 04-SRNP-55691.
Sequences in BOLD: 37, barcode compliant sequences: 37.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Adriana Aguilar in recogition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Potrerillos, Río Azufrado, 95m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005279. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Potrerillos, Río Azufrado, 23.vii.2000, gusaneros. 3. 00-SRNP-16110, Same as 00-16047, On
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039780).
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Adrian Guadamuz in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and the plant inventory of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Derrumbe, 1220 meters,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Derrumbe, 1220 meters, 24.iv.2006,
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0012468.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by the combination of tegula different color from humeral complex, pterostigma brown, mediotergite 1 clearly widening towards posterior margin (1.3 × as long as wide at posterior margin), mediotergite 2 with posterior margin sinuate (width at expanded central area 1.7 × as large as width at lateral area), and ovipositor relatively thick (basal width about twice apical width).
We dedicate this species to Aicha Girardi, daughter of Caroline Boudreault (CNC, Ottawa) as an appreciation for Caroline’s support, especially photographing many types for this paper.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Bullas, 440 meters,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0042048. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
6 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0038184, DHJPAR0038224, DHJPAR0042041, DHJPAR0042043, DHJPAR0042044, DHJPAR0042062, DHJPAR0042425
Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 10.
Solitary. Hosts:
This species is characterized by a very distinctive hypopygium (with a relatively wide fold where no pleats are visible), ovipositor sheaths (very short and shaped as a broad spatula) and ovipositor (short and strongly curved downwards); it is further distinguished by antenna much shorter than body, white pterostigma, white or transparent fore wing veins, and elongate glossa. The unique hypopygium, ovipositor sheaths, and ovipositor, suggest that this species may be placed in a new genus when there are more studies on the phylogeny of
We dedicate this species to Aida López in recognition of her diligent efforts in the Programa del Comedor Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Cima, 1460m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012506. 2. 24–31 Aug. 1998, CLC.
Body color: head and mesosoma mostly dark, metasoma with some tergites and/or most of sternites pale. Antenna color: scape, pedicel, and flagellum dark. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): pale, pale, dark. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): pale, pale, mostly pale but with dark area dorsally. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): pale, pale, anteriorly pale/posteriorly dark. Tegula and humeral complex color: both pale. Pterostigma color: dark. Fore wing veins color: mostly dark (a few veins may be unpigmented). Antenna length/body length: antenna about as long as body (head to apex of metasoma); if slightly shorter, at least extending beyond anterior 0.7 metasoma length. Body in lateral view: not distinctly flattened dorso–ventrally. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.7–2.8 mm. Fore wing length: 2.9–3.0 mm. Ocular–ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.3–2.5. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0–2.2. Antennal flagellomerus 2 length/width: 2.3–2.5. Antennal flagellomerus 14 length/width: 1.4–1.6. Length of flagellomerus 2/length of flagellomerus 14: 2.0–2.2. Tarsal claws: simple. Metafemur length/width: 3.2–3.3. Metatibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length: 0.4–0.5. Anteromesoscutum: mostly with deep, dense punctures (separated by less than 2.0 × its maximum diameter). Mesoscutellar disc: mostly punctured. Number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus: 5 or 6. Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum: 0.4–0.5. Propodeum areola: completely defined by carinae, including transverse carina extending to spiracle. Propodeum background sculpture: mostly sculptured. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 2.3–2.5. Mediotergite 1 shape: mostly parallel–sided for 0.5–0.7 of its length, then narrowing posteriorly so mediotergite anterior width >1.1 × posterior width. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: mostly sculptured, excavated area centrally with transverse striation inside and/or a polished knob centrally on posterior margin of mediotergite. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.8–3.1. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: more or less fully sculptured, with longitudinal striation. Outer margin of hypopygium: with a wide, medially folded, transparent, semi–desclerotized area; usually with 4 or more pleats. Ovipositor thickness: about same width throughout its length. Ovipositor sheaths length/metatibial length: 1.0–1.1. Length of fore wing veins r/2RS: 1.4–1.6. Length of fore wing veins 2RS/2M: 0.8 or less. Length of fore wing veins 2M/(RS+M)b: 1.1–1.3. Pterostigma length/width: 2.6–3.0. Point of insertion of vein r in pterostigma: about half way point length of pterostigma. Angle of vein r with fore wing anterior margin: more or less perpendicular to fore wing margin. Shape of junction of veins r and 2RS in fore wing: distinctly but not strongly angled.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Host: Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Alban Jiménez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
MEXICO.
♂, BMNH (examined).
No molecular data available for this species.
Nothing is known of its hosts.
Known only from the male holotype, which was collected in “Mexico”. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in Costa Rica or ACG.
The history of the name “
Another unrelated use of the name “
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280 m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012499. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280 meters, 11.03004 Longitude: -85.52699, D.H. Janzen &♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012499. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280 meters, 11.03004 Longitude: -85.52699, D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs..
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is very distinctive, characterized by head and most of mediotergite 1 orange, mediotergite 3 partially yellow, and mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured.
We dedicate this species to Alejandro Masis in recognition of his diligent efforts to administrate and protect the entire ACG.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Albergue Crater, 980m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
3 ♀, 3 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0027612, DHJPAR0035523, DHJPAR0038321, DHJPAR0039030, DHJPAR0039734, DHJPAR0039775.
Sequences in BOLD: 11, barcode compliant sequences: 10.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Alejandro Mora in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG administration and Programa de Contabilidad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma, 460m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma, 460m, 23.iv.2006,
22 ♀, 9 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001584, DHJPAR0002680, DHJPAR0003037, DHJPAR0011962, 93-SRNP-4213.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 7.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Alvaro Ugalde in recogniton of his diligent efforts in founding and guiding the National Park System of Costa Rica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Circular, 1185m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Circular, 01/05/2001, Mariano Pereira. 2. 01-SRNP-6021, Achlyodes selva, Zanthoxylum melanostictum. 3. DHJPAR0001550.
68 ♀, 11 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 29, barcode compliant sequences: 24, haplotypes: 2.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
Five specimens (4 ♀ and 1 ♂ )were reared from the same
We dedicate this species to Anabelle Cordoba in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Caribe of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041897.
2 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0041983.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ana Marenco in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG office administration in Sector Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 15.ii.2007, 500m,
22 ♀, 9 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002154, DHJPAR0002227, DHJPAR0004974 DHJPAR0012976, DHJPAR0020130, DHJPAR0031090, 99-SRNP-4439, 03-SRNP-5327.
Sequences in BOLD: 101, barcode compliant sequences: 98.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
Although this species is clearly gregarious, in a few cases only one wasp cocoon is encountered, owing to the small size of the host caterpillar, which may support just one wasp larva, or just an artefact of the lightly silked cocoons falling apart, thus reducing the actual number of cocoons per caterpillar that are encountered when sampling.
We dedicate this species to Ana Martínez in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Contabilidad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Finca San Gabriel, 645m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Finca S. Gabriel, 645m, DHJPAR0039721.
17 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039721, 09-SRNP-3890, 10-SRNP-1054.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ana Piedra in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013054. 2. 24 Apr. 2000, San Emilio Trap.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ana Arias in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Comedor in Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Gongora, 570m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Gongora, 14.vi.2004, 570m,
20 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: 04-SRNP-33636, 04-SRNP-45868, 09-SRNP-31397, DHJPAR0001605, DHJPAR0013013, DHJPAR0035406.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
Adult show discontinuous variation in body length (ranges: 2.0–2.2 mm, 2.5–2.6 mm) and in fore wing length (2.1–2.2 mm or 2.7–2.8 mm). This is an unusual pattern among the Mesoamerican species of
We dedicate this species to Andrea Calvo in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Department of Human Resources.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Quebrada Guapote, 240m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Quebrada Guapote, 07.viii.1996, 240m,
58 ♀, 19 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 11, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Angel Solís in recognition of his diligent efforts in curation and taxonomy of
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Rinconcito.
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041762. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Rinconcito, 28.ix.2010, DHJPAR0041762. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
41 ♀ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: 10-SRNP-43550, 10-SRNP-44058.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ariel López in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
ST. VINCENT, Lesser Antilles.
♀, BMNH (examined).
No molecular data available for this species.
Hosts:
Brazil, Cuba, Grenada, St. Vincent. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG.
The original description from
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Juntas, 400m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002269. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Juntas, 25.viii.2005,
152 ♀, 46 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 59, barcode compliant sequences: 50.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Bernardo Espinoza in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, and
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005188. 2. 95-SRNP-10552.
9 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002918, DHJPAR0005173, DHJPAR0005179, DHJPAR0005190, DHJPAR0012498, DHJPAR0012533, DHJPAR0013022, DHJPAR0013031, DHJPAR0013043, DHJPAR0013107, DHJPAR0013205, DHJPAR0024735, DHJPAR0024740.
Sequences in BOLD: 28, barcode compliant sequences: 26.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Berny Apu in reocognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520 m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0025757. 2. San Gerardo: Sitio Argentina, 7–16 Jun. 2007.
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ACG database code: DHJPAR0027469.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG
This species is characterized by the combination of small size (body length 2.0 mm, fore wing length 2.4 mm), and all legs (including coxae) fully yellow or whitish-yellow.
We dedicate this species to Betty Marchena in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Asesoría Legal.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Jacobo, 461m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038167. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
6 ♀ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0035361, DHJPAR0038169, DHJPAR0038223, DHJPAR0039755, DHJPAR0039758, DHJPAR0039766.
Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 16.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Bienvenida Chavarría in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Rincón Rainforest, Camino Río Francia, 410m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Rincón Rainforest, Camino Río Francia, 23.viii.2001, Jose Perez. 2. 01-SRNP-5632, ex
8 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 00-SRNP-20822, 01-SRNP-5630, 01-SRNP-5658, 01-SRNP-5661, 01-SRNP-5663, 02-SRNP-7548, 02-SRNP-7624, 03-SRNP-12942.1, 04-SRNP-809, 05-SRNP-189, 05-SRNP-41778, 06-SRNP-44306, 07-SRNP-40064.
Sequences in BOLD: 22, barcode compliant sequences: 18.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Calixto Moraga in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Pitilla of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 04.iv.2002, 500m,
40 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 18, barcode compliant sequences: 16.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Carlos Castillo in recognition of his diligent efforts in the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0026391. 2. San Gerardo, Rio Blanco Abajo, Date: 26 Oct-1 Nov 2007.
1#F, 3#M (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0025069, DHJPAR0025349, DHJPAR0026047, DHJPAR0026632.
Sequences in BOLD: 14, barcode compliant sequences: 14.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Carlos Guadamuz in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Mantenimiento.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Cuestona, 640m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0035504. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Cuestona Site 27.iii.2009, 10.99455°N, -85.41461°W, 640m, DHJPAR0035504. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0035342, DHJPAR0035500.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Carlos Rodríguez in recognition of his efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Loaiciga, 445m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002716. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Loaiciga, 15.iii.2004, 445m,
37 ♀, 8 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001596, DHJPAR0002716, DHJPAR0002907.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Carlos Viquez in recognition of his diligent efforts for administration and spider curatorial taxonomy for INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo, Sitio Argentina, 28 Jul-3 Aug/2007. 2. DHJPAR0027484.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Carlos Zúñiga in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Horizontes, Sitio La Dama, 105m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Horizontes: Esperanza, 09/21/1994. 2. 94-SRNP-7527,
29 ♀, 11 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: 92-SRNP-4401, 92-SRNP-5190, 93-SRNP-3572, 93-SRNP-3573, 93-SRNP-3574, 93-SRNP-3681, 93-SRNP-3735, 93-SRNP-4176, 93-SRNP-6388, 93-SRNP-6748, 93-SRNP-7311, 95-SRNP-8417, 95-SRNP-8471, 97-SRNP-3898, 04-SRNP-46868, 04-SRNP-50139, 05-SRNP-4197, 06-SRNP-311, 09-SRNP-72610, 10-SRNP-67708, 11-SRNP-69640.
Sequences in BOLD: 15, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Carolina Cano in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica San Gerardo of ACG.
UNITED STATES, Indiana, locality not specified.
♀, Destroyed.
28 ♀, 7 ♂ (CNC), CANADA: ON, Biscotasing, Ottawa, Vineland; NB, York County; BC, Aldergrove, Vancouver; PUERTO RICO: Cueva Tuna; UKRAINE: Kiev; UNITED STATES: NC, Bertie County, near Cahaba.
Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 15, haplotypes: 2.
Gregarious. Mostly recorded from
Cosmopolitan, this species has been recorded from 50 countries in all continents but there is no suggestion that it occurs in ACG.
The geographical coverage of the barcoded specimens includes Canada and New Zealand, but all sequences are almost identical. The only exceptions are some extralimital specimens (British Columbia, Canada) which seem to represent a different species based on body color and the barcode of one specimen. Because those specimens are not from Mesoamerica, they will be dealt with elsewhere.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
3 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR00215, DHJPAR0038242, DHJPAR0038323, DHJPAR0038349.
Sequences in BOLD: 12, barcode compliant sequences: 12.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by the combination of broadly rectangular mediotergite 2 (its width at posterior margin 2.2 × its length), ovipositor sheaths shorter than metatibia, and ovipositor relatively thin, with basal width less than 2.0 × its apical width after constriction.
We dedicate this species to Christian Zúñiga in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Tucan, 410m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Tucan, 19.vii.2004, 410m,
34 ♀, 7 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 58, barcode compliant sequences: 50.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Cinthia Barrantes in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Corredor, 620m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001616. 2. COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Corredor, 30.vii.2002, 620m,
20 ♀, 9 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001562, DHJPAR0001616, DHJPAR0002645, DHJPAR0002659, DHJPAR0002685, DHJPAR0005299.
Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 10.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Cirilo Umana recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Llanura.
GUADELOUPE, Lesser Antilles, locality not specified.
♀, NMNH (examined).
No molecular data available for this species.
Probably solitary. Hosts:
Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico. No records known or expected for ACG or Costa Rica.
Only known from specimens studied by
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815 meters,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0026016. 2. San Gerardo, MT, San Cristobal, 27 Aug-2 Sep 2007.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Cristián Alemán in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 05.v.2000, 280m,
2 ♀, 6 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001578.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Cynthia Cordero in recognition of her diligent efforts to support accounting for INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Llanura, 135m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0035483. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 12, barcode compliant sequences:12.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Deifilia Dávila in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Asesoría Legal.
MEXICO, locality not specified (
♀, NMNH (examined).
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC), MEXICO: Nayarit, Tepic, Ingenio de Puga, 21-24.v.1984, Bennet, Browning & Melton.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Mexico. We have no reason to suspect that this species occurs in ACG.
CUBA, Central Mercedes.
♀, NMNH (examined).
1 ♀, paratype (CNC), CUBA: Central Mercedes, ix.1918, T.E. Holloway, ex
No molecular data available for this species.
Gregarious, dirty whitish cocoons, cemented together in a long slender row but not surrounded by loose silk (
Widely distributed in southern US, Mesoamerica and the northern part of South America; introduced in France and India (
This is the commonest braconid parasitoid of
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Caribe, 415m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0026091. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Caribe, 10.viii.2007,
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
The senior author dedicates this species to Dicky Yu (CNC, Ottawa, Canada) in appreciation of his support, and for creating the extremely valuable tool that is Taxapad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Perdido, 620m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Perdido, 18.vii.2000, 620m,
24 ♀, 3 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001552, DHJPAR0038142, 00-SRNP-12094, 00-SRNP-12099, 09-SRNP-5112.
Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Didi Guadamuz in recognition of his diligent efforts in the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Monte Cristo, 525m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0020597. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0020599, DHJPAR0020601, DHJPAR0039031.
Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 10.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Diego Alpízar in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 620m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica, Guanacaste, ACG, Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 14 May 2002, Manuel Pereira. 2. 02-SRNP-14931, Achlyodes busirus, on Citrus sinensis. 3. DHJPAR0005259.
9 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004054, DHJPAR0004060, DHJPAR0004064, DHJPAR0004069, DHJPAR0004076, DHJPAR0004088, DHJPAR0005257, DHJPAR0005258, DHJPAR0005260, DHJPAR0005262, DHJPAR0005282, DHJPAR0012477, DHJPAR00012966.
Sequences in BOLD: 30, barcode compliant sequences: 18.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The 5 mm length cocoons are about usual for solitary species but about twice the length of the cocoons of gregarious species. This species is unique in its combination of broadly rectangular mediotergite 2 (its apical width 2.2 × or less than its median length), lateral face of scutellum with polished area 0.7 × face height, and thick ovipositor (as thick as or thicker than width of median flagellomerus, and with anterior width 3.0–5.0 × its posterior width beyond the constriction). The ovipositor thickness clearly separates this species from other groups with relatively broad mediotergite 2 (all of which have a thin ovipositor).
We dedicate this species to Diego Torres in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, 1150m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002688. 2. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Area de Consveración Guanacaste: Sector Cacao: Estación Cacao, 10/15/2002, Mariano Pereira. 3. 02-SRNP-24195,
39 ♀, 40 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 75, barcode compliant sequences: 63.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Dinia Martínez recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Quica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 1080m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 7.x.2000, Mariano Pereira. 2. 00-SRNP-10830,
23 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005311, DHJPAR0005271, DHJPAR0003974, DHJPAR0003977, DHJPAR0005217, DHJPAR0003961, DHJPAR0012307.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is closely related to
We dedicate this species to Dunia Garcia in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Cacao of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005228. 2. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Area de Conservación Guanacaste: Santa Rosa: Cafetal, 07/23/1992, gusaneros. 3. 92-SRNP-3782, Urbanus dorantes, Desmodium distortum.
6 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 92-SRNP-3775, 92-SRNP-3792, 95-SRNP-20.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 0.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Duvalier Briceño in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Parataxonomist Program and Estación Biológica Brasilia of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Potrerillos, Potrerillos, 90m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0034281. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Potrerillos, 90m, 10.81534 N, -85.54359 W, 19.i.2009, DHJPAR0034281. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
12 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0034228, DHJPAR0034281.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 7.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Edgar Jiménez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Albergue Oscar, 560m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038264. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
14 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0038143, DHJPAR0045146, 09-SRNP-32173, 10-SRNP-445.
Sequences in BOLD: 22, barcode compliant sequences: 22.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Edith López in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Mantenimiento.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste. ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013080. 2. 15-May-2000, San Emilio Trap 1.
14 ♀, 1 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012527, DHJPAR0013024, DHJPAR0013029, DHJPAR0013032, DHJPAR0013041, DHJPAR0013045, DHJPAR0013046, DHJPAR0013048, DHJPAR0013052, DHJPAR0013059, DHJPAR0013060, DHJPAR0013074, DHJPAR0013085, DHJPAR0013091, DHJPAR0024699.
Sequences in BOLD: 99, barcode compliant sequences: 94.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Eduardo Ramírez in recognition of his diligent efforts for ACG acquisitioning (Proveedor).
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Gongora, 570m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005342. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Gongora Site, 9.viii.1995, 10.88700 N, -85.47443 W, 570m, DHJPAR0005342.
18 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes:, DHJPAR0020609.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Edwin Apu in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Leiva of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, San Cristobal: Potrero Argentina, 03/13/1999, Gloria Sihezar. 2. 99-SRNP-12461 (dried), Pyrrhopyge zenodorus, Vismia baccifera.
53 ♀, 38 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 27, barcode compliant sequences: 15.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Elda Araya in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica San Gerardo of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Finca Araya, 295m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002687. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Finca Araya, 23.vii.2002,
40 ♀, 10 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002202, DHJPAR0002687, DHJPAR0005288, DHJPAR0005317, DHJPAR0011953.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
A total of 21 ♀ and 5 ♂ (ACG codes DHJPAR0004612 and DHJPAR0004619) are named as
We dedicate this species to Elieth Cantillano in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxnomos and Estación Biológica Los Almendros in Sector Los Almendros and Sector Del Oro.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Huerta, 527m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
3 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0035256, DHJPAR0035376, DHJPAR0035368, DHJPAR0035481, DHJPAR0035508, DHJPAR0038233.
Sequences in BOLD: 9, barcode compliant sequences: 7.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Erick Duarte in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Transporte.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005275. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 12.vi.2000, Victor Chien. 3. 00-SRNP-8744,
2 ♀, 4 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005268, DHJPAR0005272-DHJPAR0005274, DHJPAR0012475, DHJPAR0012476.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species was reared from
We dedicate this species to Esther Centeno in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001592. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 23.ii.2004, 320m,
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012272, 04-SRNP-40552.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Eugenia Philips in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, and
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Conguera, 420m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0045279. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Conguera, 11.vii.2011,
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Eulogio Sequeira in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Mamones, 365m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0020615. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Mamones, 24.xii.2007,
151 ♀, 139 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 38, barcode compliant sequences: 30.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Federico Matarrita in recognition of his diligent efforts to rebuild and develop the ACG web site at
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Finca Esmeralda, 123m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039769. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Finca Esmeralda, 23.ix.2009,
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The only know specimen is in rather poor condition, bleached (i.e., decolored) and missing most of the legs. Because of that, the description is incomplete, and it is impossible to key it out based on morphological characters only.
We dedicate this species to Felipe Chavarría in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and administrating project accounting.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Naciente, 700m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0026992, DHJPAR0039055.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Felix Carmona in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal in the Estación Experimental Forestal Horizontes.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Tangelo, 410m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0020604. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0038306, DHJPAR0038317, DHJPAR0038318.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG
We dedicate this species to Fernando Chavarría in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Maria, Sendero Canal, 799m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0039773.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by extensive yellow coloration, mesoscutellar disc mostly punctured and very short ovipositor sheaths (0.4 × as long as metatibia length).
We dedicate this species to Flor Morales in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Mantenimento.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013119. 2. 17 Jan. 2000, Bosque Humedo Trap.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Francisco Pizarro in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Estación San Gerardo, 575m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0025841. 2. San Gerardo: Est. San Gerardo, 16-22 Jun. 2007.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Francisco Ramírez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the administration of ACG and Area de Conservacion Huetar Norte.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Potrero, 290m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, El Hacha, Estación los Almendros, 07/02/2000, Lucia Rios. 2. 00-SRNP-3040, Atarnes sallei on Annona reticulata. 3. DHJPAR0012472.
7 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002316, DHJPAR0002328, DHJPAR0002337, DHJPAR0002910, DHJPAR0002913, DHJPAR0002916, DHJPAR0002921, DHJPAR0004059, DHJPAR0004086, DHJPAR0005276, DHJPAR0011975, DHJPAR0034223.
Sequences in BOLD: 14, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The barcode sequences of
We dedicate this species to Freddy Quesada in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Pitilla of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Finca San Gabriel, 645m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038227. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0045282.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Freddy Salazar in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
GUATEMALA, Ingenio Pantaleón.
♀, BMNH (not examined).
1 ♀, paratype (CNC), GUATEMALA, Ingenio Pantaleón S.A., 3.iii.1984, ex larva of
No molecular data available for this species.
Probably gregarious. Hosts:
Guatemala (
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Quebrada Otilio, 550m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0020456. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0020458.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Gabriela Gutiérrez in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
FRANCE, Montpellier (
♀, NMNH (not examined).
Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 12, haplotypes: 2 (but see
Solitary, parasitoid of early-instar larva of wax moths and emerges to spin its white cocoon and pupate well before the host larva reaches full size (
Worldwide. This is a cosmopolitan species that has been introduced to many countries inadvertently with the transport of honey bees (
One of the sequences in BOLD (code: GBAH3182-07), was mined from GenBank and does not contain any information about its original source and/or sample identifier. It most likely represents a different species not related at all to
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Quebrada Otilio, 550m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012467, DHJPAR0005283.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG
This is the only species of
The senior author dedicates this species to Gary Gibson (CNC, Ottawa) in appreciation of his support and the valuable suggestions regarding many technical details of this paper.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero, 160m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013696, 94-SRNP-6192. 2. Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pocosol, Quebrada Aserradero, 02.xii.1994, 160m,
8 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012485, DHJPAR0013681, DHJPAR0013691, 93-SRNP-996.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
A few specimens have lighter coloured tibiae but are kept as part of this species.
We dedicate this species to Gerardo Obando in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 22.vi.2004, 440m,
1 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004091, 04-SRNP-33582, 04-SRNP-34511.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Gerardo Sandoval in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 05.ii.2002, 500m,
29 ♀, 19 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 13, barcode compliant sequences: 13.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Gladys Rojas in recognition of her diligent efforts in the Administration of INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Ocotea, 565m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0031075. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
4 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0031075, DHJPAR0031078.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Glen Rivera in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Recursos Humanos.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 1080m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 9.x.2003, 10.92471°N, -85.46738°W, 1080m, DHJPAR0002988.
6 ♀, 1 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes:, 03-SRNP-23277, 03-SRNP-23282.
Sequences in BOLD: 12, barcode compliant sequences: 12.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is very close to
We dedicate this species to Gloria Sihezar in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica San Gerardo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Botarrama,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038116. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
21 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0035392, 09-SRNP-68294, 10-SRNP-71302.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Guadalupe Rodríguez in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 11/22/1993, gusaneros. 2. 93-SRNP-8055, Pellicia dimidiata, Ipomoea 13066.
13 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 93-SRNP-8055, 99-SRNP-2575, 02-SRNP-15073, 03-SRNP-1279, 04-SRNP-2263, 04-SRNP-41764, 04-SRNP-41765, 04-SRNP-46971,.
Sequences in BOLD: 14, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The holotype specimen has a short barcode but matches all the other specimens in morphology, host caterpillar and remainder of its barcode.
We dedicate this species to Guillermo Pereira in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Santa Rosa of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Gongora Bananal, 600m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002982. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Gongora Bananal, 27.ii.2004, 600m,
3 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004176, 92-SRNP-4988, 93-SRNP-3544, 04-SRNP-45081.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
One female (deposited in the CNC) has a much darker coloration, especially on legs.
We dedicate this species to Harry Ramírez recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Cacao.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Horizontes, Bejuco, 180m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0003982. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Sector Horizontes, Bejuco, 21-I-2010, gusaneros. 3. 00-SRNP-6072, Cephise aelius, On Combretum farinsoum.
27 ♀, 19 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001582, DHJPAR0001586, DHJPAR0002707, DHJPAR0003020, DHJPAR0003038, DHJPAR0003042, DHJPAR0003049, DHJPAR0003982, DHJPAR0005233, DHJPAR0005237, DHJPAR0005245, DHJPAR0005249, DHJPAR0005292, DHJPAR0005301, 04-SRNP-21566.
Sequences in BOLD: 24, barcode compliant sequences: 22.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Hazel Cambronero in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Parataxonomist Program and BioLep, the inventory of the adult ACG
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Venado, 420m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0040433. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Venado, 29.vii.2010, 10.89678°N, -85.27001°W, 420m, DHJPAR0040433. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). Same labels as holotype.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by T1 mostly parallel-sided for 0.7 of its length, then strongly narrowing posteriorly, so T1 length at least 3.0 × its width at posterior margin. It is the only Mesoamerican species with that T1 shape and the combination of tegula and humeral complex of different color, and pterostigma brown.
We dedicate this species to Héctor Solís in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo: Rio Blanco Abajo, Date: 21-27 Aug. 2007. 2. DHJPAR0024860.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary. Host: malaise-trapped and
Costa Rica, ACG.
The vannal lobe is more like that of many species of
We dedicate this species to Humberto López in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
PUERTO RICO, Mayaguez.
♀, NMNH (examined).
No molecular data available for this species.
Solitary, white cocoons (
Cuba, Puerto Rico; there is no suggestion that this wasp occurs in ACG, though there are numerous species of
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002706. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 11.iii.2004, 440m,
17 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0003003, 02-SRNP-5614, 03-SRNP-21916, 04-SRNP-31228.
Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 10.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Inés Solís in recognition of her diligent efforts for ACG and for the accounting office in INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
GRENADA, Balthazar.
♀, BMNH (examined photos of the holotype).
No molecular data available for this species.
No host known.
Grenada, St. Vincent. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG.
The placement of
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0045190. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 30.vi.2011,
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0043146.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Irene Carrillo in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa del Comedor Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Leonel, 510m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0045253. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Leonel,
3 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 11-SRNP-71609.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Isaac Bermúdez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Vado Rio Francia, 400m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0025426. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Vado Rio Francia, 5-11.vii.2007,
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Isidro Chacón in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, and
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0042063. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0039021.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by tegula and humeral complex of different color, pterostigma brown, ovipositor sheaths 1.4-1.5 × as long as metatibia length, and body length and fore wing length at least 3.2 mm. The relatively long ovipositor sheaths and molecular data support this species as unique among the Mesoamerican fauna so far known.
We dedicate this species to Isidro Villegas in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Quebrada Escondida, 420m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0045176. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Quebrada Escondida, 17.vi.2011, 10.89928 N, -85.27486 W, 420m, DHJPAR0045176. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
16 ♀, 1 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database codes 11-SRNP-42893.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ivonne Traña in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Comedor in Puesto Pocosol.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027548. 2. San Gerardo, Sitio Argentina, 12-18 Jan. 2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Jairo Moya in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 620m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002284, 04-SRNP-26851. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Bosque Aguirre, 02.xii.2004, 620m,
32 ♀, 21 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004073, DHJPAR0002234, DHJPAR0002287, DHJPAR0031088, DHJPAR0035444, 09-SRNP-69957.
Sequences in BOLD: 33, barcode compliant sequences: 31.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Javier Contreras in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Mantenimiento mechanico.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Colocho, 375m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039054. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039057, DHJPAR0039066, DHJPAR0039095.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Javier Obando in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Estación Pitilla, 675m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038337. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0038189, DHJPAR0038333.
No molecular data available for this species.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The barcodes were not included in the molecular phylogenetic analysis done for this paper.
We dedicate this species to Javier Sihezar in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Manguera, 470m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039115. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Manguera, 4.iii.2010,
3 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039015, DHJPAR0038218, DHJPAR0039011.
Sequences in BOLD: 24, barcode compliant sequences: 23.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Jesús Brenes in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Juntas, 400m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001591. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Juntas, 21.i.2004, 400m,
16 ♀, 9 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001583, DHJPAR0001588, DHJPAR0001590, DHJPAR0001591, DHJPAR0002700, DHJPAR0002711, DHJPAR0002715.
Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 15.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Jesús Ugalde in recognition of his diligent efforts for the administration of INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027417. 2. San Gerardo: Rio Abajo Blanco, Date: 12-18 May 2008. 3. COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 18.v.2008,
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Jimmy Chavez in recognition of his diligent efforts as ACG administrative assistant.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Quebrada Serrano, 585m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013702.
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013702.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Johan Vargas in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos at Estación Biologico Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 08.06.2001, Carolina Cano. 2. 01-SRNP-2855, Stenoma Janzen07, Vismia baccifera.
15 ♀, 11 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0003006, DHJPAR0035341, 00-SRNP-2013, 01-SRNP-2855, 03-SRNP-21344, 03-SRNP-21404, 04-SRNP-33985, 04-SRNP-45058.
Sequences in BOLD: 67, barcode compliant sequences: 60.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Jorge Cortés in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Albergue, 980m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Albergue Crater, 22.iv.2006, 980m,
34 ♀, 12 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004996, DHJPAR0005221, DHJPAR0005235, DHJPAR0012785, DHJPAR0030903, DHJPAR0030927, DHJPAR0034260.
Sequences in BOLD: 17, barcode compliant sequences: 11.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
Some very minor differences in the barcoding region, but we are considering all those specimens as belonging to the same species except that the single dry forest
We dedicate this species to Jorge Hernández in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Caribe, and the ACG plant inventory.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Medrano, 380m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038204. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0045122.
Sequences in BOLD: 8; barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to José Calvo in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Vivero, 730m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002654. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Vivero, 27 Sept. 1999. Carolina Cano. 3. 99-SRNP-13121, Nascus broteas, On Cupania glabra.
66 ♀, 55 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 55, barcode compliant sequences: 50.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to José Cortes in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica La Perla of Sector Mundo Nuevo of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0024715. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 2.viii.1999, 10.84389°N, -85.61384°W, 300m, DHJPAR0024715. 3. San Emilio, Date: 2 Aug 99.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by propodeum fully sculptured, without differences in sculpture between anterior and posterior halves; profemur partially, and meso- and meta- femora completely dark brown to black; and ovipositor relatively thick (anterior width 2.0 × as posterior width).
We dedicate this species to José Díaz in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste. ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013070. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste. ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to José Jaramillo in recognition of his dilligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Computación e Informatica.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Huerta, 527m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1 DHJPAR0011908. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Huerta, 20.iv.2006,
22 ♀, 11 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004998.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to José Montero in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, and
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, 1150m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, 01/04/2001, Mariano Pereira. 2. 01-SRNP-6002,
18 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 01-SRNP-6002, 01-SRNP-6003, 01-SRNP-6012, 01-SRNP-7360, 01-SRNP-21077, 02-SRNP-23921, DHJPAR0001579.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to José Perez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Caribe of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Naranjales, 1030m,
1 ♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039764. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Naranjales, 22.vi.2009, 10.92268° N, -85.46405° W, 1030m, DHJPAR0039764. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The only specimen available (holotype female) is in rather poor condition.
We dedicate this species to José Eras in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Comedor in Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo: MT, San Cristobal, 26 Oct.-1 Nov. 2007. 2. DHJPAR0027635.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Juan Apu in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Orosilito, 900m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038197. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
4 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012470, DHJPAR0012471, DHJPAR0013023, DHJPAR0024704.
Sequences in BOLD: 26, barcode compliant sequences: 25.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Juan Carlos Carrillo in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027225. 2. San Gerardo, Rio Blanco Abajo, 17-23 April 2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Juan Gazo in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027672. 2. San Gerardo, MT, San Cristobal, 18-24 Mar. 2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by extensive yellow coloration, mesoscutellar disc mostly smooth, mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin 5.4 × its length, and metafemur relatively thin (its length 3.5 × its width).
We dedicate this species to Juan Hernández in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Unidad de Transporte.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Caribe, 415m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0043018. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Caribe, 16.ii.2011, 10.90187°N, -85.27495°W, 415m, DHJPAR0043018. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0040377.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 7.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Juan López in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, 1150m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012791. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, 3.xii.2006, 1150m,
17 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0011960, DHJPAR0012791.
Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 10.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Juan Mata in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG biodiversity inventory information and specimen management by INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiverisdad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Ponderosa, 1060m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Ponderosa, 07.ii.2003, 1060m,
43 ♀, 10 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 11, barcode compliant sequences: 11.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Juan Victor in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Cima, 1460m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Cima, 08.ix.1999, 1460m,
1 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012518, DHJPAR0013098, DHJPAR0013099.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by its orange head and mesosternum, scutello-scutellar sulcus almost obliterated, head in frontal view rather elongate, tarsal claws pectinated, and propodeal areola open basally and without transverse carinae.
We dedicate this species to Julio Diaz in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad y Prevencion de Incendios.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Quebrada Raiz, 280m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Sector Del Oro, Quebrada Raiz, 19.ii.2002, 280m,
14 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0003086, DHJPAR0034222, DHJPAR0034276, 02-SRNP-5765.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 7.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Junior López in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Conguera, 420m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041926. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Conguera, 16.xii.2010, 10.91589°N, -85.26631°W, 420m, DHJPAR0041926. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0041935, DHJPAR0042997.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The humeral complex has a small area on outer margin that is slightly lighter in color than the rest, but we still consider it as fully brown – and thus it is coded as such in the Lucid software.
We dedicate this species to Keiner Aragón recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Botarrama.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Vado Rio Francia, 400m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0026209. 2. Caribe, Rio Francia, 19–25-Mar-2008.
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0026208.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
The senior author dedicates this species to Laura Huber, daughter of John Huber (CNC, Ottawa) as an appreciation for John Huber’s support, especially reading and improving several drafts of this paper.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Brasilia, Moga, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005172, DHJPAR0005174, DHJPAR0005176, DHJPAR0035495, DHJPAR0039767.
Sequences in BOLD: 13, barcode compliant sequences: 12.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Lauren Morales for her diligent efforts in ACG Planificacion.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Cuesta Caimito, 640m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Cuesta Caimito, 10.vii.2004, 640m,
41 ♀, 12 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002208, DHJPAR0002216, DHJPAR0020106, 04-SRNP-45135, 04-SRNP-47126.
Sequences in BOLD: 39, barcode compliant sequences: 39.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Lenin Guadamuz in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Quebradona, 475m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0040434. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Quebradona, 27.vii.2010, 10.99102°N, -85.39539°W, 475m, DHJPAR0040434. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
29 ♀, 12 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0042944, 10-SRNP-72417, 10-SRNP-73384.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by an extremely short ovipositor (0.3 × as long as metatibia), mediotergite 2 relatively large (its medial length almost as long as medial length of mediotergite 3), mediotergite 1 almost completely smooth, and relatively extensive yellow coloration. The first two characters are unique among Mesoamerican
We dedicate this species to Leonel Garay in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Contabilidad.
GRENADA, Balthazar.
♀, BMNH (examined photos of the holotype).
No molecular data available for this species.
Unknonwn.
Grenada, St. Vincent.
We could only see three photos of the holotype, which were not enough to provide a description of the species. For the same reason, we could not include the species in the above key to the
ST. VINCENT, Lesser Antilles.
♀, BMNH (examined).
1 ♀, United States: Florida, Belle Glade; v.1941; D. J. Taylor coll.; ex:
No molecular data available for this species.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Cuba, Grenada, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, United States (FL). There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG or Costa Rica.
The holotype is missing the antennae, one forewing and some legs – but it is possible to see a full set of legs, except for the sole hind leg remaining where some tarsal segments are missing. The name
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Horizontes, Vado Esteron, 95m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001675. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Horizontes, Vado Esteron, 03.ix.1996, 95m,
44 ♀, 19 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002713, DHJPAR0004637, DHJPAR0005241, DHJPAR0005250, DHJPAR0011963, 96-SRNP-9935.
Sequences in BOLD: 19, barcode compliant sequences: 19.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
A few females (2-3 out of 45 studied) have the metatibia with yellow color 0.3 × or so (i.e., not like the other, +93% of the specimens which have the yellow area extending to at least 0.4 × metatibia length, usually up to 0.5 ×).
We dedicate this species to Lilliam Mena in recognition of her diligent efforts for the administration of INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad and support of the INBio directorate.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012531. 2. 77-3May99-LASB.
7 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013065, DHJPAR0013201, DHJPAR0013568.
Sequences in BOLD: 46, barcode compliant sequences: 42.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, AGC.
The senior author dedicates this species to Lisa Bearss (CNC, Ottawa), as an appreciation for her support, and for kindly sharing her knowledge on the Keyence photographic equipment.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0004978. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 10.v.2006, 440m,
1 ♀, 5 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002249, DHJPAR0002315, DHJPAR0002327, DHJPAR0002334, DHJPAR0005001, DHJPAR0030958.
Sequences in BOLD: 11, barcode compliant sequences: 11. Specimen with code DHJPAR0002305 has a barcode that differs from the others by 1.3%, but we consider it to be the same species, given its identical morphology and host record.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
See comments for
We dedicate this species to Lucía Ríos recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Los Almendros of Sector El Hacha and Sector Del Oro.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Venado, 420m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0042981. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Venado, 13.iii.2011, 10.89678 N, -85.27001 W, 420m, DHJPAR0042981. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luis Brizuela in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Caribe, 415m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0035393. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
7 ♀, 11 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0035393.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luis Canales in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Nacho, 710m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038334. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Nacho, 27.i.2010, 10.98445°N, -85.42481°W, 710m, DHJPAR0038334. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
2 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0038362, DHJPAR0038363.
Sequences in BOLD: 11, barcode compliant sequences: 11.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luis Cantillo in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Protección e Incendios.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 540m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038250. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luis García in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 18.vi.2007, 500m,
5 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005163, DHJPAR0039012, DHJPAR0039035, DHJPAR0039739, DHJPAR0039742, DHJPAR0039749, DHJPAR0039770.
Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 15.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by its orange head and mesosternum, metasoma fully black, and propodeal areola closed basally and with transverse carinae reaching spiracles.
We dedicate this species to Luis Garita in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Rio Chon, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0031085. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Rio Chon, 1.iii.2008, 11.04118 N, -85.44170 W, 320m, DHJPAR0031085.
2 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0031085, DHJPAR0031092, DHJPAR0031093.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luis Hernández in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Areno, 460m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Areno, 04.v.2009, 460m,
29 ♀, 34 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0020672, DHJPAR0035384, DHJPAR0039727, 00-SRNP-18136, 06-SRNP-55804, 09-SRNP-2437, 09-SRNP-75129, 09-SRNP-75216, 11-SRNP-55878.
Sequences in BOLD: 17, barcode compliant sequences: 17.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luis López in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 19 May 2001, gusaneros. 2. 01-SRNP-12432, Dichogama colotha, On Capparis indica. 3. DHJPAR0005269.
4 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005277, DHJPAR0005278, DHJPAR0005281, DHJPAR0012478.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
This is the only
We dedicate this species to Luis Vargas in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, 1150m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005310.
20 ♀, 12 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001563, DHJPAR0002978, DHJPAR0005203, DHJPAR0005216.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Luz María Romero in recognition of his unwavering support for conservation in Costa Rica, for the founding of ACG, and for the administration of Costa Rica’s Paz con la Naturaleza initiative.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Estación Quica, 470m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038109. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Estación Quica, 20.viii.2009, 10.99697°N, -85.39666°W, 470m, DHJPAR0038109. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
4 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: 09-SRNP-72674.
Sequences in BOLD: 13, barcode compliant sequences: 13.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Manuel Araya in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 28.vi.2004, 440m,
24 ♀, 15 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: 98-SRNP-4293, 01-SRNP-5181, 01-SRNP-9182, 02-SRNP-4541, 02-SRNP-5615, 02-SRNP-6229, 03-SRNP-5963, 03-SRNP-7197, 03-SRNP-20163, 03-SRNP-20799, 03-SRNP-20933, 03-SRNP-21562, 03-SRNP-21736, 03-SRNP-21892, 04-SRNP-33763.
Sequences in BOLD: 42, barcode compliant sequences: 38.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Manuel Pereira recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Cacao.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Loaiciga, 445m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Loaiciga, 8.vi.2004, 445m,
7 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 97-SRNP-5757, 02-SRNP-3735, 04-SRNP-56294, 05-SRNP-33209, 06-SRNP-31198, 06-SRNP-32523, 07-SRNP-33461, 08-SRNP-65992, 08-SRNP-70494.
Sequences in BOLD: 22, barcode compliant sequences: 20.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Manuel Ríos in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Pitilla of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Vado Cuajiniquil, 5m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013684. 2. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Area de Conservación Guancaste: Santa Rosa, Vado Cuajiniquil, 01/25/1992: gusaneros. 3. 92-SRNP-251, Telemiades fides, Inga vera.
186 ♀, 78 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 204, barcode compliant sequences: 189.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Manuel Zumbado in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, administration and
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector del Oro, Chon,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector del Oro, Chon, 26.xi.2004, 280m,
35 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG database codes: 99-SRNP-5544, 99-SRNP-5547, 01-SRNP-5523, 04-SRNP-26690.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Marco Bustos in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027678. 2. San Gerardo: MT San Cristobal, Date: 5-11 Apr-2008.
1 ♀, 3 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0026176, DHJPAR0026787, DHJPAR0027705, DHJPAR0027589.
Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 16.
Solitary. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by relatively long mediotergite 1 (its length 4.5 × its width at apex), extensive yellow-orange coloration (including tegula and humeral complex, parts of the axillar complex, most of laterotergites 1-4, all sternites, and hypopygium), and ovipositor sheaths shorter than half metatibia length. Molecular data also supports this species as a very divergent one.
We dedicate this species to Marco González in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Camino Mangos, 480m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002695. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Camino Mangos, 11.vii.2003, 480m,
♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: 03-SRNP-16760
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Marco Venicio in recognition of his diligent efforts to support the founding stages of ACG by Direccion Forestal of MINAE, Costa Rica’s Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Vado Rio Calera, 10m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005295. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste: Sector Santa Rosa: Vado Rio Calera, 07/09/1997: Harry Ramirez. 3. 97-SRNP-3256, Urbanus same as 97-3251,
27 ♀, 10 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001674, DHJPAR0001680, DHJPAR0005295, DHJPAR0013679, 97-SRNP-3252, 01-SRNP-17370.
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Maria Marta Chavarria in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, Programa Marino, and Programa de Biosensibilizacion, and for INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012537. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389°N, -85.61384°W, 7.xii.1998, DHJPAR0012537. 3. 36-23 Nov 98-SE.
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0038045.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise Trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to María Guevara in recognition of her diligent efforts in assisting ACG operations of the Programa de Administracion.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027680. 2. San Gerardo: MT San Cristobal, Date: 11-17 Apr. 2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by hypopygium with a median folded, transparent, semi-desclerotized area with 1–3 pleats visible; ovipositor thin (thinner than width of median flagellomerus), and with basal width <2.0 × its apical width after constriction; T1 mostly sculptured and 1.4 × as long as wide at posterior margin; and body length 3.3 mm.
We dedicate this species to María Luisa Arias in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Centro de Investigaciones y Estaciones.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Estación Pitilla, 675m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0042469. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Estación Pitilla, 4.iii.2011, 10.98931°N, -85.42581°W, 675m, DHJPAR0042469. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by the combination of glossa elongate, pterostigma brown, and ovipositor about the same width from base to apex.
We dedicate this species to María Mendez in recognition of her efforts for the ACG Comedor in Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal,
20 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ACG database codes: 98-SRNP-6602.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 0 (the only available sequence is 419 bp).
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
Despite the single lot of specimens available (98-SRNP-6601 was parasitized by the same species but rearing maltreatment killed the wasps in their cocoons), the distinctive wasp morphology, distinctive host, and distinctive, though short, barcode make it clear that this is a species different from all others considered here.
We dedicate this species to Mariano Pereira recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica La Perla of Sector Mundo Nuevo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Puente Rio Negro, 340m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0043137. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Puente Rio Negro, 27.iii.2011,
1 ♀ (NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0043139.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to María Torrentes in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa del Comedor Santa Rosa.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Albergue Oscar, 560m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Puente Rio Negro, 21.iv.2010, 340m,
7 ♀ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 10-SRNP-41503.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is placed in the
We dedicate this species to Marisol Arroyo for her diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 540m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041984. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 10.86472°N, -85.41531°W, 540m, DHJPAR0041984. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0039474.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Marisol Navarro in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 540m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041608. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 25.x.2010, 10.86472 N, -85.41531 W, 540m, DHJPAR0041608. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Marvin Mendoza in recognition of his diligent efforts as and ACG driver for all Programs.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041802. 2. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 28.xi.2010, 10.91847°N, -85.30338°W, 320m, DHJPAR0041802.
16 ♀ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0041802.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Mauricio Gurdián in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Contabilidad.
TRINIDAD: St. Augustine.
♀, NMNH (examined).
No molecular data available for this species.
Solitary, white cocoon about 6-7 mm long. Host:
Trinidad and Tobago. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG.
This species is only known from the specimens studied by
UNITED STATES: “South Carolina”, locality not specified.
A series of 7 male specimens considered as cotypes, NMNH (examined).
2 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC). UNITED STATES: CA, San Diego, San Felipe Valley, ix-1938, W. P. Medlar, ex
No molecular data available for this species.
Gregarious, cocoons packed close together in the burrow of its stem-mining host (
Mexico, United States (AZ, CA, NC, SC). While
The description provided was mostly based on two female specimens from California deposited in the CNC. They were identified by Muesebeck after comparing with the type material. The specimens match well the short descriptions provided in previous papers (e.g.,
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
13 ♀, 1#M (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039040, DHJPAR0039042, DHJPAR0039044, DHJPAR0039050, DHJPAR0039053, DHJPAR0039060, DHJPAR0039068, DHJPAR0039087, DHJPAR0039088, DHJPAR0039093, DHJPAR0039096, DHJPAR0039103, DHJPAR0039113, DHJPAR0039735.
Sequences in BOLD: 21, barcode compliant sequences: 21.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Milena Gutiérrez in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal and Restoracion.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Rincon, 430m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Rincon, 23.xii.2004, 430m,
20 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002173, 04-SRNP-41651.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Minor Carmona in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Brasilia and Estación Biológica Caribe.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Colocho, 375m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012758. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
14 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002326, DHJPAR0012755, DHJPAR0012756, DHJPAR0035516, DHJPAR0038313, DHJPAR0038331, DHJPAR0038335, DHJPAR0038339, DHJPAR0038341, DHJPAR0038358, DHJPAR0038361, DHJPAR0038364, DHJPAR0038365, DHJPAR0039061, DHJPAR0039783.
Sequences in BOLD: 40, barcode compliant sequences: 40.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Minor Navarro in recognition of his diligent support for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, San Lucas, 320m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039017. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039023, DHJPAR0043032.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by pterostigma fully transparent or mostly transparent with only thin brown borders, tegula and humeral complex yellow, all coxae dark brown to black, mediotergite 2 mostly smooth, and mediotergite 1 relatively wide (its length 1.5 × its width at posterior margin). It is supported by the Bayesian molecular analysis as divergent from other species, although the data suggests it might be related to the
We dedicate this species to Mónica Chavarría in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Liberia office.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Estación San Gerardo, 575m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo: Est. San Gerardo, Date: 1 Mar-15 May 08. 2. DHJPAR0026271.
2 ♀, 5 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012743, DHJPAR0013191, DHJPAR0013424, DHJPAR0013542, DHJPAR0013637, DHJPAR0024664, DHJPAR0026280.
Sequences in BOLD: 49 (32 from Mexico, 17 from ACG), barcode compliant sequences: 49.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG; Mexico, State of Jalisco.
This species is characterized by hypopygium with a median folded, transparent, semi-desclerotized area with 1–3 pleats visible; ovipositor thin (thinner than width of median flagellomerus), and with basal width <2.0 × its apical width after constriction; tarsal claws with one basal spine-like seta; mediotergite 1 length 2.3 × its width; and mediotergite 2 with some sculpture near its posterior margin. The molecular data supports this species as divergent (
We dedicate this species to Oscar Chávez in recognition of his diligent efforts as ACG chofer.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Quebrada Cementerio, 700m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Quebrada Cementerio, 23 Sept. 1999, Gloria Sihezar. 2. 99-SRNP-13043,
159 ♀, 81 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 116, barcode compliant sequences: 100.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Osvaldo Espinoza recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica San Gerardo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0027654. 2. San Gerardo, MT, San Cristobal, 24-30 January 2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Pablo Trana in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0002686.
12 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001607, 99-SRNP-895.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Pablo Umana in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and for Estación Biológica Caribe of Sector Rincon Rain Forest, ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 540m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0041619.
5 ♀, 1 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0041619.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Pablo Vásquez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
UNITED STATES: California, Los Angeles County, locality not specified.
♀, NMNH (examined).
1 ♀ (CNC), USA: PA, Rochville, coll. W. S. Fisch; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC), USA, 30.x.1903, coll. E. P. Felt; 1 ♀ (CNC), USA: NC, Bertie County near Cahaba, 2.vi.1976.
No molecular data available for this species.
Gregarious; coccons large, white, not imbedded in a mass of silk but formed in the burrows of the host (
Mexico, United States (CA, DC, FL, MS, NY, OK, PA, here recorded for the first time from NC). There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG.
Because of the holotype is missing both fore wings and antenna, the morphological characters related to those body parts were coded in the Lucid database from the female specimens deposited in the CNC.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero a Maritza, 570m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero a Maritza, 23.viii.2006, 570m,
10 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012298, DHJPAR0038032, 06-SRNP-36062.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Paula Ixcamparij in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Subregional Liberia.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Tucán, 410m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Tucan, 14.xi.2006, 410m,
6 ♀ (CNC, NMNH, BMNH). Costa Rica: Alajuela, ACG database codes: 02-SRNP-6035, 06-SRNP-30165, 06-SRNP-32791, 09-SRNP-71961, 09-SRNP-72872, 10-SRNP-70644.
Sequences in BOLD: 12, barcode compliant sequences: 11.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Petrona Ríos in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Pitilla of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Potrerillos, Rio Azufrado, 95m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0003989.
64 ♀, 45 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 34, barcode compliant sequences: 28.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Randall García in recognition of his key role in the founding of ACG and subsequent diligent efforts for the administration of INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Quebrada Escondida, 420m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038254. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0038256.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Randall Martínez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039746. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
8 ♀, 1 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013118, DHJPAR0024681, DHJPAR0024706, DHJPAR0034179, DHJPAR0035491, DHJPAR0038305, DHJPAR0038311, DHJPAR0038312, DHJPAR0039034.
Sequences in BOLD: 51, barcode compliant sequences: 51, haplotypes: 2–3.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
There are some minor differences among specimens with respect to barcode clustering, morphology, and hosts, but all females in good condition belong to one morphotype; we predict that once this species is better understood, there will be a complex of species included under this name.
We dedicate this species to Raúl Acevedo in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001573.
29 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002702.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Raúl Solorsano in recognition of his support for the founding of ACG and unwavering support for conservation in Costa Rica.
ST. VINCENT, Lesser Antilles.
♀, BMNH (examined).
No molecular data available for this species.
Unknown.
St. Vincent. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG or even Costa Rica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Alacran, 260m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001646.
12 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0001646, 03-SRNP-8250.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ricardo Calero in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Quica of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo, Rio Blanco Abajo, 21-27 August 2007. 2. DHJPAR0024890.
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0025089.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by mediotergite 1 length more than 4.5 × its posterior width; vannal lobe straight and setose (with slightly shorter and sparser setae centrally); metacoxa and metafemur partially yellow and partially dark brown. Molecular data supports the species as divergent (
We dedicate this species to Robert Montano in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500 meters,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001549.
29 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005005, 01-SRNP-3458, 04-SRNP-31136.
Sequences in BOLD: 22, barcode compliant sequences: 22.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Roberto Espinoza in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and the plant inventory of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0026474. 2. San Gerardo, Rio Blanco Abajo, 24-30 Jan 2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Roberto Vargas in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Meteorologico, 590m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001554.
13 ♀, 4 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database code: DHJPAR0001554.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Rodrigo Gámez in recognition of his enormous efforts in support of founding ACG, and founding and directing INBio, Costa Rica’s Instituto Nacional de Biodiveristy.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0024724.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 6.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by head fully black except for gena partially white, a unique feature among all known species of
We dedicate this species to Roger Blanco in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Investigacion and ACG administration.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0013113. 2. Bosque Humedo, MT, 30.v-5.vi.2007, J. Rodriguez & A. R. Deans.
3 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012497, DHJPAR0012526, DHJPAR0012543.
Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5, haplotypes: 1
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Rolando Ramos in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 09.viii.1990, 300m,
8 ♀ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0038045.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by mediotergite 1 completely smooth. Molecular data also supports the species as divergent (
We dedicate this species to Rolando Vega in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo: MT, San Cristobal, Date: 11–17 Apr-2008. 2. DHJPAR0027681.
1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0038206.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ronald Castro in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Colocho, 375m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0034284.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ronald Gutiérrez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 16.ii.2007, 440m,
13 ♀, 1 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013020, 06-SRNP-58235, 07-SRNP-31204.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ronald Murillo in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Casetilla, 250m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Casetilla, 250m, 27.vii.1994,
1 ♀, (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0002164.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
The humeral complex has a small area on outer margin that is slightly lighter in color than the rest, but we still consider it as fully brown, and thus it is coded as such.
We dedicate this species to Ronald Navarro in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Porvenir, 383m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0043013. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Camino Porvenir, 26.i.2011, 10.90383°N, -85.25964°W, 383m, DHJPAR0043013. 3. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀, 1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0042977, DHJPAR0045273.
Sequences in BOLD: 9, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Solitary. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ronald Quirós in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Sector Marino.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0005285. 2. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste: Santa Rosa: Cafetal, 07/23/1992: gusaneros. 3. 92-SRNP-3778, Urbanus dorantes, Desmodium distortum.
7 ♀, 8 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database code: 92-SRNP-3788, 92-SRNP-4386, 93-SRNP-6245.
Sequences in BOLD: 9 < in my NJ tree from bold, there are only three R24 specimens called that, and the others are parked in R23 barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious. Hosts:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ronald Zúñiga in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos, and
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Gerardo: MT, San Cristobal, 18-24 Jan. 2008. 2. DHJPAR0027647.
Sequences in BOLD: 26, barcode compliant sequences: 25.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is characterized by mediotergite 2 fully sculptured with longitudinal striation, and extensive yellow-orange coloration (including tegula and humeral complex, parts of the axillar complex, most of laterotergites 1-4, all sternites, and hypopygium).
We dedicate this species to Rosibel Elizondo in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Educacion Biológica.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0004845. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 21.xi.2005, 440m,
36 ♀, 3 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0030788, DHJPAR0025861, DHJPAR0030918.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Roster Moraga in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Parataxónomos and Estación Biológica Los Almendros in Sector Del Oro and Sector El Hacha of ACG.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Estación Gongora, 570m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Cacao, Estación Gongora, 07/27/1995: gusaneros. 2. 95-SRNP-7168,
36 ♀, 30 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: 95-SRNP-7163, 95-SRNP-7168, 95-SRNP-7169, 95-SRNP-7171, 96-SRNP-10698, 97-SRNP-3323, 97-SRNP-4093, 02-SRNP-29391, 02-SRNP-29405, 02-SRNP-32482, 04-SRNP-45194, 04-SRNP-45195, 04-SRNP-45196, 04-SRNP-45421, 04-SRNP-45422, 04-SRNP-45424, 04-SRNP-45425, 04-SRNP-45426, 04-SRNP-45428, 04-SRNP-45476, 04-SRNP-45478, 04-SRNP-45511, 04-SRNP-45538, 04-SRNP-45544, 04-SRNP-45545, 04-SRNP-45555, 04-SRNP-45601.
Sequences in BOLD: 34, barcode compliant sequences: 27, haplotypes: 2.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
This new name may actually represent two different species, one reared from
We dedicate this species to Ruth Franco in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Parataxonomist Program and BioLep, the inventory of the adult ACG
UNITED STATES, Florida, Monroe County, Key Largo,
♀ in CNC (examined).
COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0012514, DHJPAR0012520, DHJPAR0012616, DHJPAR0013026. CANADA, UNITED STATES: All specimens listed in
Sequences in BOLD: 8 (4 from ACG), barcode compliant sequences: 4 (3 from ACG).
Unknown, Malaise-trapped.
Canada (ON), Costa Rica (ACG), Mexico (Chamelas), United States (FL).
Because of the unusual venation in the forewing and the lack of a propodeal areola, the generic position of this species has been in doubt since its description (
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 440m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0004868. 2. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 26.x.2006, 440m,
2 ♀, 2 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0004873, DHJPAR0004875, DHJPAR0038314, DHJPAR0039033.
Sequences in BOLD: 9, barcode compliant sequences: 9.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
The vannal lobe of the fore wing is more or less straight (
We dedicate this species to Sergio Cascante in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Uncaria, 370m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012293. 2. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Del Oro, Uncaria, 26.xii.2006, 370m,
4 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: 93-SRNP-5683, 93-SRNP-6294, 04-SRNP-45450.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Sergio Ríos in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Parataxonomist Program and BioLep, the inventory of the adult ACG
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Gongora Bananal, 600m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Gongora Bananal, 13.iii.1997, 600m,
17 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0005225.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious. Host:
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Sigifredo Marin in recognition of his unwavering support and defense of the development of the Programa de Parataxónomos, and his key role as former director of ACG and the primary land negotiator for the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund (
UNITED STATES: Arizona, Santa Rita Mountains, Stone Cabin Canyon.
♀, NMNH (examined).
1 ♀, 1 ♂, Paratypes (CNC). UNITED STATES: CA, Sabino Canyon, xi-1913, A.W. Morrill, ex bollworm on
No molecular data available for this species.
Solitary; white coccons formed in the bolls (
Colombia, Nicaragua, Trinidad & Tobago, United States (AZ, TX), Venezuela. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG.
There are very few morphological differences between this species and
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 540m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
8 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC, NMNH, BMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0025764, DHJPAR0038228, DHJPAR0038230, DHJPAR0038252, DHJPAR0038257, DHJPAR0039743, DHJPAR0038347, DHJPAR0039058, DHJPAR0039747, DHJPAR0039778.
Sequences in BOLD: 24, barcode compliant sequences: 24.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Ti Boshart in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG administration and Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Derrumbe, 1220m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Cacao, Sendero Derrumbe, 06.vi.2006, 1220m,
19 ♀, 5 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012053, DHJPAR0013104, DHJPAR0013103, DHJPAR0013108, DHJPAR0013109, DHJPAR0013110, DHJPAR0013112, DHJPAR0013117, DHJPAR0013503, DHJPAR0034267.
Sequences in BOLD: 15, barcode compliant sequences: 15.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Vannesa Brenes in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Horizontes Forest Experiment Station.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. San Emilio #2, 15.ix.1999. 2. DHJPAR0013202.
1 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013552, DHJPAR0024676, DHJPAR0024683.
Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Victor Barrantes in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
ST. VINCENT, Lesser Antilles.
♂, BMNH (examined).
2 ♀, 1 ♂; St. Vincent Island, 1972, Malaise Trap (CNC).
One male, collected in 1972 from St. Vincent Island, rendered a partial barcode of 164 bp, which is unique in the BOLD database.
Solitary. Hosts:
Argentina, Brazil, Grenada, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, Uruguay. There is no suggestion that this species occurs in ACG.
The description of female characters is based on two specimens collected in 1972 and deposited in the CNC. Because those females were collected in the type locality, altogether with a male that closely resembles the holotype of
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0001677. <<oops, we have another problem here. This is a 369 bp specimen that trees in A. R23, when as you are indicating, it is very likely to be R97 from its host, etc. Cannot be holotype and probably should not be a paratype either (all the 01-SRNP-2944 specimens should not be paratypes unless you can do that morphologically). Do I assume correctly that it is morphologically R97? If so, I can live with it being a paratype if you like. DHJPAR0002205 and DHJPAR0002704 have good barcodes, so either one of them can be the holotype. And if left in R97, I definitely have to move it out of R23 in my DB (I will leave it there for the moment until you have told me what to do). Looks like in the end this kind of process will remove all four of the R23 Urbanus (very good), though I should have it clear where you want them morphologically before doing that.
2 ♀, 5 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA: ACG database codes: DHJPAR0002205, DHJPAR0002704, 01-SRNP-2944.
Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Wady Obando in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0025256. 2. San Gerardo, Rio Blanco Abajo, Date: 1-7 Dec. 2007.
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database code: DHJPAR0026834.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
This species is uniquely among all other Mesoamerican
We dedicate this species to Waldy Medina in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de GIS and mapping.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Quebrada Cementerio, 700m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039765. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Wilberth Araya in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Sectores.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector Pitilla, Leonel, 510m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0039768.
1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0039760.
Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to William Campos in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa Forestal.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0026887. 2. San Gerardo, Rio Blanco Abajo, 30 Mar-5 Apr/2008.
Sequences in BOLD: 6, barcode compliant sequences: 5.
Malaise-trapped.
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Yeisson Chávez in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Computerizacion and Informatics.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Perdido, 620m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
1 ♀ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, ACG database code: DHJPAR0038325.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Solitary (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Yilbert Alvarado in recognition of his diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Seguridad.
COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Sendero Aguacate, 335m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0012283. 2. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, ACG, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Sendero Aguacate, 14.ix.2006, 335m,
6 ♀, 6 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0012996.
Sequences in BOLD: 8, barcode compliant sequences: 8.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Yolanda Rojas in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Programa de Ecoturismo.
COSTA RICA, Alajuela, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Jardin Estrada, 722m,
♀ in CNC. Specimen labels: 1. DHJPAR0038295. 2. Voucher: D.H.Janzen & W.Hallwachs, DB:
39 ♀, 10 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBIO, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: See
Sequences in BOLD: 7, barcode compliant sequences: 7.
Gregarious (
Costa Rica, ACG.
We dedicate this species to Zeneida Bolaños in recognition of her diligent efforts for the ACG Office in Pocosol.
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JFT is greatly indebted to many CNC colleagues who helped with the manuscript in countless ways: John Huber, Gary Gibson, Caroline Boudreault, Jennifer Read, Lisa Bearss, Owen Londsdale, and Andrew Bennett. Istvan Miko (University of Pennsylvania, US) provided extraordinary support with the analysis of morphological terms. John Noyes and Mark Shaw kindly revised parts of early drafts of the paper, and their suggestions helped to improved the final manuscript. Gavin Broad (British Museum of Natural History, UK) and Robert Kula (Smithsonian Institution, US) loaned type material and other specimens used for this paper. JJR was supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by U.S. N.S.F. (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California, a NSF Doctoral Dissertation Enhancement Program award OISE-0809175, the Clark Research Support Grant from School of Integrative Biology (University of Illinois) and the Herbert H. Ross Memorial Award (Illinois Natural History Survey). The Barcode of Life Initiative at the University of Guelph is graciously acknowledged for DNA bardoding, data analyses, and neighbor joining trees throughout the project. The study was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants BSR 9024770 and DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699 to DHJ, and grants from the Wege Foundation, International Conservation Fund of Canada, Jessie B. Cox Charitable Trust, Blue Moon Fund, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund, JRS Biodiversity Foundation, Permian Limited, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Smithsonian Institution, SEL-USDA of the USA, and the University of Pennsylvania (DHJ). MAS was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Leaders Opportunity Fund grants. Laboratory analyses on sequences generated since 2009 were funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (2008-0GI-ICI-03). The reviews of Andrew Austin (Australia) and Kees van Achterberg (the Netherlands) considerably improved the final version of the manuscript.
Details of morphological terms and measurements used in the paper. (doi:
DNA barcodes for all ACG inventory