Corresponding author: Robert Wharton (
Academic editor: C. van Achterberg
Four new species of opiine
The subfamily
In the material examined section under each species description, we record label data for the holotype exactly as they appear on the labels. We use a more standardized format for paratypes, additional specimens examined, and published data for other specimens.
Morphological terms used in this revision were matched to the
Quantitative data in descriptions are based on 5 individuals of each sex, when available. Measurements largely follow
The new species described below are placed in the genera
The occipital carina varies from completely present to completely absent in the
The first metasomal segment, often referred to as the petiole (
Neither
Occipital carina.
T1 and S1, arrows at posterior margin of S1.
Mandible without basal lobe ventrally. Labrum concealed. Occipital carina broadly absent dorsally, present or absent laterally. Propleuron ventral-laterally without oblique carina. Notauli deep, unsculptured or nearly so, well developed anteriorly, varying posteriorly from absent to deep and complete to midpit; midpit always present. Fore wing stigma short, broad, discrete posteriorly, r1 arising at or distad its midpoint; second submarginal cell short; m-cu arising from second submarginal cell. Hind wing RS absent basally, sometimes present as a weakly pigmented crease distally; 2M distinctly pigmented nearly to wing margin; m-cu present, well-developed. Dorsope absent.
The species of
Both New and Old World species groups of
New World species have previously been referred to as the
1 | Female (ovipositor clearly visible, extending well beyond apex of metasoma) | 2 |
– | Male | 10 |
2 (1) | Ovipositor distinctly sinuate subapically ( |
3 |
– | Ovipositor straight or nearly so subapically ( |
4 |
3 (2) | Metasomal tergum 2 distinctly striate medially ( |
|
– | Metasomal tergum 2 without striae or other sculpture ( |
|
4 (2) | Head dark, at least on dorsal half ( |
5 |
– | Head pale ( |
7 |
5 (4) | Ovipositor (total length) about 2.5 times longer than mesosoma. Notaulus extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum ( |
6 |
– | Ovipositor (total length) less than 2.0 times longer than mesosoma. Notaulus rarely extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum, usually terminating just before reaching margin ( |
|
6 (5) | Eye smaller than in |
|
– | Eye larger, 2.1–2.9 × longer than temple in lateral view ( |
|
7 (4) | Wings darkly infumate (as in |
|
Note: |
||
– | Wings hyaline ( |
8 |
8 (7, 14) | Metasomal tergum 2 distinctly striate medially (as in |
9 |
– | Metasomal tergum 2 without striae or other sculpture (as in |
|
9 (8) | Precoxal sulcus distinctly impressed, usually broad but very weakly sculptured, nearly smooth (as in |
|
– | Precoxal sulcus distinctly impressed, broad, heavily sculptured: crenulate to foveolate (as in |
|
10 (1) | Head black at least over dorsal half | 11 |
– | Head pale, yellow to orange except ocellar triangle sometimes black | 13 |
11 (10) | Eye in dorsal view as long as temple; eye in lateral view 1.3–1.4 × longer than temple | |
– | Eye slightly larger, in dorsal view eye 1.4–1.9 × longer than temple, in lateral view 1.7–2.4 × longer than temple | 12 |
12 (11) | Notaulus extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum ( |
|
– | Notaulus rarely extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum, usually terminating just before reaching margin ( |
|
13 (10) | Metasomal tergum 2 striate medially ( |
14 |
– | Metasomal tergum 2 without striae or other sculpture ( |
15 |
14 (13) | Notauli deep posteriorly as it nears midpit ( |
|
– | Notauli more shallow posteriorly as it nears midpit ( |
8 |
15 (13) | Metasomal terga mostly black ( |
|
– | Metasoma with at least terga 3–5 pale: yellow to orange | 16 |
16 (15) | Wings hyaline | |
– | Wings darkly infumate | 17 |
17 (16) | Eye larger, about 1.3–1.5 × longer than temple in lateral view | |
– | Eye smaller, subequal to temple in lateral view ( |
Mexico, State of Mexico, Hidalgo National Park.
Holotype male (AEIC), first label, first line: Hidalgo Natl. Pk. second line: State of Mex., Mex. third line: x.12.62 3000 m. fourth line: H. & M. Townes Second label [purple]: Holotype Third label: Opius hildagensis [male symbol] sp. n. det. Fischer Fourth label: Type No. 336
Holotype male. Eye in dorsal view as long as temple, temples neither receding nor expanded beyond eyes; eye in lateral view 1.3 × longer than temple. Frons irregularly rugulose along midline between antenna and median ocellus. Clypeus 2.8 × wider than high. Occipital carina distinct near base of mandible, short, not extending dorsally to ventral margin of eye. Antenna with 46 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.25 × longer than wide. Pronope deep, large, interrupting posterior crenulate groove middorsally. Notauli deep anteriorly, reaching anterior-lateral margin of mesoscutum and extending posteriorly about 0.5 × distance to deep, elongate midpit. Precoxal sulcus distinctly crenulate throughout, nearly extending to anterior margin of mesopleuron. Propodeum rugose, areola extending over posterior 0.6 but largely obscured by sculpture. Fore wing 2RS 0.95 × length of 3RSa; m-cu distinctly postfurcal. T1 with dorsal carinae weakly converging, widely separated at posterior margin, gradually weakening posteriorly. Meso- and metasoma orange, tegula black, head dark brown to black except narrow yellow-orange band along epistomal sulcus extending to and through malar sulcus and small orange spot on vertex adjacent eye; legs black except extreme base of hind coxa irregularly orange, joint between femora and trochantelli reddish orange, mid and hind tarsi dark brown. Body length about 4.3 mm, fore wing length 4.5 mm, mesosoma length 1.8 mm.
Specimens reared from
This species is slightly larger and has a smaller eye than both of the similarly-colored species described below,
There is no biological information associated with the holotype. The non-type material listed above was reared from the tephritid
The name
Both
Mexico, Distrito Federal.
Holotype. Female (UNAM), first and only data label, first line: Mexico, D. F. second line: Host = R. pomonella third line: Host plant=Crataegus sp. fourth line: Common name=Tejocote fifth line: 7.xi.2007 J. Rull
Mesosoma 1.4 × longer than high; 1.9 × longer than wide; 1.35 × higher than wide. Pronotum not visible dorsally; crenulae extending over dorsal 0.3–0.4 of pronotum laterally within narrow, shallow groove; groove not margined anteriorly by carina; anterior margin of pronotum laterally sinuate, not abruptly excavated. Notauli deep anteriorly, ending abruptly posteriorly, short, not quite extending posteriorly to level of anterior margin of tegula, not reaching long, narrow midpit, anterior end extending to anterior-lateral margin of scutum; mesoscutum without supra-marginal carina adjacent margin of mesoscutum between base of notaulus and tegula. Scuto-scutellar sulcus rectangular or nearly so; 4.75 × wider than midlength; crenulate-foveolate. Propodeum rugose, areola extending over posterior 0.8 but partially obscured by sculpture. Precoxal sulcus crenulate, distinctly separated from anterior margin of mesopleuron.
Wings. Fore wing stigma short, broad, discrete distally, 3.5 × longer than wide; r1 arising from midlength of stigma; 1RS (excluding parastigma) 0.30 × length of 1M; m-cu postfurcal by 0.25 × length of m-cu; second submarginal cell converging distally; 2RS 0.9 × length of 3RSa; 2CUa about 1.7 × longer than 2cu-a; 1cu-a distad 1M by about 1.0 × its length.
Metasoma not distinctly petiolate; head 1.8 × wider than apex of T1. T1 1.05 × as long as apical width; strongly diverging apically, with apex 2.1 × wider than base; surface smooth; dorsal carinae parallel-sided, widely separated posteriorly, distinctly elevated over anterior 0.6, weaker and becoming indistinct posteriorly; lateral carina weaker than dorsal carina basally, extending distinctly ventrad spiracle, rounded and barely distinguishable posteriorad spiracle; spiracle at midlength of T1; dorsope absent but lateral and dorsal carinae elevated at junction, giving appearance of a slight depression; laterope deep; S1 very short. T2 unsculptured, with sharp lateral margins. Ovipositor sheath 2.4 × longer than mesosoma, densely setose over apical half, with 4–5 irregular rows of setae, the setae longer than sheath width, more sparsely setose basally.
Color (
Body length 4.9 mm (female), 3.1–4.7 mm (male), fore wing length 4.0 mm (female), 2.7–4.1 mm (male), mesosomal length 1.55 mm (female), 1.0–1.7 mm (male).
This species is nearly identical to
This is the species that has been referred to as
This species is named after Martin Aluja in recognition of his many contributions to tephritid biology, particularly in Mexico.
The male paratypes, though only three in number, are remarkably variable in size, with larger individuals closely approaching the size of
Detailed assessment of the available reared material suggests the presence of a diverse assemblage of
Propleuron and T2.
Mexico, State of Mexico, Parque Lago de Zempoala.
Holotype. Female (UNAM), first label, first line: Mexico, Parque second line: Lag. de Zempoala, path third line: along L. Zempoala, 10–11. fourth line: VIII.1989, A.L.Norrbom Second label, first line: reared ex. Euphranta second line: mexicana (
Other specimens examined (not paratypes): 1 female, 1 male, Mexico, D.F., Delegacion Tlapan, Fracc. Tlapuente, 19.ix.2003, M. Aluja #50, reared from fruit of Granadilla (TAMU).
Mesosoma 1.35–1.45 × longer than high; 1.85–1.95 × longer than wide; 1.35–1.40 × higher than wide. Pronope deep, large, interrupting posterior crenulate groove middorsally; crenulae extending along dorsal 0.2 of pronotum laterally within narrow, shallow groove; groove not margined anteriorly by carina; anterior margin of pronotum laterally sinuate, not abruptly excavated. Notauli deep anteriorly, gradually weakening posteriorly, extending posteriorly to level of tegula, not reaching long, narrow midpit, anterior end usually just short of and only rarely reaching anterior-lateral margin of scutum; mesoscutum usually without supra-marginal carina between base of notaulus and tegula, rarely with short, weak trace of a carina. Scuto-scutellar sulcus nearly rectangular, a little narrower medially; 4.2–4.8 × wider than midlength; crenulate-foveolate. Propodeum rugose, areola extending over posterior 0.8 but largely obscured by sculpture. Precoxal sulcus crenulate, widely separated from anterior margin of mesopleuron.
Wings. Fore wing stigma short, broad, discrete distally, 3.15–3.30 × longer than wide; r1 arising from midlength of stigma; 1RS (excluding parastigma) 0.30–0.35 × length of 1M; m-cu postfurcal by 0.2–0.3 × length of m-cu; second submarginal cell distinctly converging distally; 2RS 1.0–1.2 × longer than 3RSa; 2CUa 1.6–1.8 × longer than 2cu-a; 1cu-a distad 1M by about 1.0 × its length.
Metasoma not distinctly petiolate; head 1.6–1.9 × wider than apex of T1. T1 0.95–1.05 × as long as apical width; strongly diverging apically, with apex 2.0–2.5 × wider than base; surface smooth to weakly strigose posterior-medially, almost completed smooth laterally; dorsal carinae weakly converging, widely separated at posterior margin, strongly elevated over anterior 0.5, gradually weakening posteriorly; lateral carina weaker, extending distinctly ventrad spiracle, rounded and barely distinguishable posteriorad spiracle; spiracle at midlength of T1; dorsope absent but lateral and dorsal carinae elevated at junction, giving appearance of a slight depression; laterope deep; S1 very short, extending posteriorad to level of dorsal tendon attachment. T2 unsculptured, with sharp lateral margins. Ovipositor sheath 1.7–1.8 × longer than mesosoma, setal pattern about as in
Color (
Male as in female except head in dorsal view 1.3–1.4 × broader than mesoscutum, 1.70–1.75 × broader than face; eye slightly smaller, in dorsal view eye 1.45–1.60 × longer than temple, in lateral view 1.9–2.4 × longer than temple; antenna with 41–43 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 0.95–1.2 × longer than second. Mesosoma slightly narrower, 1.95–2.05 × longer than wide; 1.4–1.5 × higher than wide; scuto-scutellar sulcus somewhat more variable in size, 4.0–5.5 × wider than midlength. Fore wing stigma 3.1–3.4 × longer than wide. T1 slightly smaller, head 1.9–2.2 × wider than apex of T1, T1 1.75–1.90 × wider at apex than at base.
Body length 3.3–4.3 mm, fore wing length 3.5–4.1 mm, mesosoma length 1.15–1.65 mm.
This species is similar in coloration to
The type series of
This species is named for Allen Norrbom, who reared many
Size variation in this species is similar to that exhibited by
Mexico, D. F., Chapultepec.
Holotype male (BMNH), first label [round, white with red margin], first line: Type second line: H. T. Second label, first line: B. M. TYPE second line: HYM third line: 3.c.705 Third label, first line: B.C.A. Hymen. I. second line: Opius third line: mexicanus fourth line: Cam. Fourth label, first line: Opius second line: mexicanus third line: Cam. Type fourth line: BCA ii 409 Fifth label, first line: Bilimek second line: Mexico third line: 1871. fourth line: Chapul fifth line: tepek.
Holotype male. Eye in dorsal view shorter than temple, temples weakly expanded beyond eyes; eye in lateral view 0.95 × length of temple. Frons unsculptured along midline between antenna and median ocellus. Clypeus 3.4 × wider than high. Occipital carina distinct near base of mandible, short, not extending dorsally to ventral margin of eye. Antenna broken. Pronope deep, large, interrupting posterior crenulate groove middorsally. Notauli deep anteriorly, reaching margin of mesoscutum anteriorly, apparently extending about half distance from anterior-lateral margin to elongate midpit but pin obliterates midpit and surrounding area of mesonotum. Precoxal sulcus very weakly crenulate, nearly smooth, short, not extending close to anterior margin of mesopleuron. Propodeum largely smooth, with rugulose sculpture largely confined to midline, especially around apex, and along border of metapleuron. Fore wing 2RS 0.8 × 3RSa; m-cu distinctly postfurcal. T1 with dorsal carinae widely separated, short, barely extending to level of spiracle, T1 otherwise unsculptured. Head, meso- and metasoma orange, tegula black; legs black as in holotype of
Unknown.
The body of the
See additional remarks under
USA, Washington, D. C.
Syntype female (USNM), first label, first line: 3737
Male. Eye in dorsal view 1.1–1.3 × longer than temple, temples not expanded beyond eyes; eye in lateral view 1.3–1.5 × longer than temple. Frons between short, low, bifurcating ridges varying from unsculptured to irregularly strigose, frons otherwise smooth, polished. Clypeus 2.5–2.8 × wider than high. Occipital carina distinct near base of mandible, short, not extending dorsally to ventral margin of eye. Antenna with 38–48 flagellomeres. Pronope deep, large, interrupting posterior crenulate groove middorsally. Notauli deep anteriorly, reaching margin of mesoscutum anteriorly, extending about half distance from anterior-lateral margin to elongate midpit. Precoxal sulcus heavily sculptured, crenulate to foveolate, usually extending to or nearly to anterior margin of mesopleuron. Propodeum rugose, areola, when partially visible, extending over posterior 0.6–0.7 but frequently completely obscured by sculpture. Fore wing 2RS 0.9–1.05 × length of 3RSa; m-cu distinctly postfurcal. T1 with dorsal carinae weakly converging, widely separated at posterior margin, gradually weakening posteriorly, T1 smooth to strigose between carinae. Head, meso- and metasoma orange; tegula orange to brown, legs varying from black except hind coxa mottled black and orange to more extensively orange. Female about as in male except eye in lateral view 1.2–1.6 × longer than temple. Ovipositor sheath 1.6–1.75 × longer than mesosoma. Body length 3.6–5.3 mm, fore wing length 3.3–4.6 mm, mesosoma length 1.2–1.9 mm. This species has a larger eye than the similarly-colored
This species was originally described from several specimens reared from a tephritid infesting fruits of
The diagnosis is based on the material from Texas listed in the other material examined section.
The sculpture is somewhat variable in this species, with smaller individuals having a tendency towards rugulose rather than rugose sculpture on the propodeum. The precoxal sulcus is always heavily sculptured, however, never approaching the reduction in sculpture seen in the holotype of
Mandible without basal lobe ventrally. Labrum broadly exposed. Occipital carina broadly absent dorsally, present laterally. Propleuron ventral-laterally without oblique carina. Notauli deep, well developed anteriorly, varying posteriorly from largely absent to deep and extending to scuto-scutellar sulcus or nearly so; midpit present. Fore wing stigma long, narrow, parallel-sided, discrete posteriorly, r1 arising distinctly basad its midpoint; second submarginal cell with 2RS shorter than 3RSb; 2CUb arising above middle of hind margin of first subdiscal cell. Dorsope present; S1 0.2–0.3 × length of T1, never fused to T1.
The new species described below have been placed in
Mexico, Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas.
Holotype. Female (TAMU), first label, first line: MEXICO: Chiapas second line: San Cristobal de las third line: Casas, xi.2001, #37A fourth line: J. Marquez, M. Aluja Second label, first line: host: Rhagoletis second line: pomonella third line: ex fruit of: fourth line: Crataegus mexicana
(not paratype)
Mesosoma 1.4 × longer than high; 1.9 × longer than wide; 1.35–1.40 × higher than wide. Pronotum dorsally a narrow, polished, smooth band with crenulate groove along posterior margin; rarely with discernible, slightly enlarged pit in middle of crenulate groove; crenulae extending in narrow, shallow groove onto pronotum laterally, but only covering dorsal 0.2–0.4; groove margined anteriorly by sharp carina that continues ventrally along full length of pronotum. Anterior declivity of mesoscutum completely vertical, bare or nearly so; anterior-lateral corners of mesoscutum at upper edge of declivity elevated, rounded, sparsely setose; notauli extending 0.4 × distance from anterior declivity to scuto-scutellar sulcus, extending posteriorly from lateral side of elevated anterior-lateral corners, not extending to mesoscutal margin anteriorly, very weakly converging posteriorly; narrow, crenulate throughout; mesoscutum with distinct supra-marginal carina extending from elevated anterior-lateral corner to tegula. Lateral and median mesoscutal lobes bare except scattered setae along notauli; midpit deep, round to somewhat elongate, never extending to notauli. Scuto-scutellar sulcus nearly rectangular, a little narrower medially; 3.75–4.25 × wider than midlength; crenulate-foveolate, with 7 ridges; all sides vertical, clearly delineated. Scutellum very weakly convex, nearly flat, not strongly elevated; bare except for scattered setae posteriorly; unsculptured, even along posterior margin. Propodeum with median carina over anterior 0.3, bifurcating at this point to form an inverted v-shaped transverse carina extending to pleural carina just posteriad spiracle; pleural carina complete from base to apex though sometimes partly obscured by sculpture posteriad spiracle; lateral longitudinal carina parallel to and narrowly separated from pleural carina anteriad spiracle, more medially displaced when visible posteriad transverse carinae, forming part of broad areola; area between pleural and lateral longitudinal carinae rugose and sparsely setose anteriorly; lateral propodeal areas anteriorly on either side of median carina smooth, bare, unsculptured; areola broad, varying from distinct (with surface irregularly, weakly rugulose) to indistinct (surface rugose, disrupting carinate margin of areola); lateral propodeal areas posteriorly varying from nearly unsculptured and distinct to rugose and indistinct; propodeum largely bare medially, with a few scattered setae. Mesopleuron largely bare, with sparse setae in unsculptured subalar region and a small patch of setae dorsad mid coxa; posterior margin unsculptured. Precoxal sulcus weakly impressed but distinct; unsculptured. Metapleuron bare on dorsal half except for small patch below wing, with a few long setae medially, and patches of setae among rugulose sculpture along ventral margin and in groove on ventral half of anterior margin; otherwise unsculptured.
Wings. Fore wing stigma parallel-sided, discrete posteriorly, 7.50–7.75 × longer than wide; r1 arising from basal 0.35; 1RS (excluding parastigma) 0.20–0.25 × length of 1M; RS+M straight or nearly so; m-cu postfurcal, extending into basal corner of second submarginal cell; second submarginal cell weakly converging distally; 3RSa 1.10–1.25 × longer than 2RS; 2RS 2.5–3.4 × longer than r, the two not forming a continuous line; 2RS with distinct median bend; 3RSb very weakly bowed, nearly straight; 3M variable, but often pigmented and sclerotized for most of its length; 2CUa 0.5–0.7 × length of 2cu-a, 2CUb arising well above middle of first subdiscal cell; 1cu-a distad 1M by about 1.0 × its length; 1–1A bowed toward wing margin, and separated therefrom by its width. Hind wing RS a weak but distinct, unpigmented crease, extending nearly to wing margin in most specimens; 2M extending to wing margin as a more deeply impressed line, very weakly pigmented for much of its length; m-cu usually a deeply impressed, curved line extending about half distance to wing margin.
Metasoma distinctly petiolate; head 3.5–3.8 × wider than apex of T1. T1 2.15–2.35 × longer than apical width; nearly parallel-sided, with apex 1.20–1.35 × wider than base; surface striate throughout, above and below lateral carina; one or two very shallow, subapical depressions usually present dorsally; dorsope distinct, deep; laterope completely absent; dorsal carina present only at base, lateral carina usually distinct throughout; spiracle positioned 0.6 × length of T1 from the base; S1 extending about 0.25–0.30 × length of T1; dorsal surface of petiole in profile evenly convex from base to apex. T2 and following without sharp lateral margins; spiracle of second metasomal tergum laterally displaced, not visible in dorsal view. Ovipositor as long as mesosoma; ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.7 × length of mesosoma, with 2–3 irregular rows of long setae along its length.
Color: head, including antenna, mesosoma, petiole and ovipositor sheath dark brown except scape yellow; mandible, lower gena, ventral portion of clypeus, pedicel (occasionally), face adjacent antennal base, propleuron, anterior margin of pronotum, spot on mesopleuron below wing and a smaller spot above mid coxa, two streaks on either side of midpit on mesoscutum, posterior margins of scutellum and metapleuron, and petiole laterally (occasionally) dark yellow to orange; palps pale yellow, nearly white. Legs and metasoma beyond T1 yellow except hind tibia, hind tarsi, lateral margin of metasomal terga 2 + 3 and often anterior half of terga 4–6 brown, the hind tibia often paler medially.
Body length 3.2–4.3 mm; wing length 3.5–4.2 mm.
This species runs to
All specimens were reared from Mexican populations of
The species name is in reference the Mayan Indians of this region.
This species is similar in general appearance to members of the genus
The limited information on hosts suggests that species with a more tubular petiole, such as those in
Mexico, Morelos, Km. 9–10 between Huitzilac and Lago Zempoala.
Holotype. Female (UNAM), first label, first line: MEXICO: Morelos second line: Km 9–10, btw. Huitzilac third line: & Lago Zempoala fourth line: roadside, 22–24.ix.1991 fifth line: A. L. Norrbom #42
Mesosoma 1.35–1.45 × longer than high; 1.8–1.9 × longer than wide; 1.3–1.4 × higher than wide. Pronotum dorsally as in
Wings. Fore wing stigma parallel-sided, discrete posteriorly, 6.3–6.6 × longer than wide; r1 arising from basal 0.35; 1RS (excluding parastigma) 0.25–0.35 × length of 1M; RS+M weakly sinuate; 3RSa 1.05–1.30 × longer than 2RS; 2RS 2.6–3.1 × longer than r; 2RS and 3RSb straight; 3M variable, but often pigmented and sclerotized for most of its length; 2CUa 0.8–0.9 × length of 2cu-a, 2CUb arising slightly above middle of first subdiscal cell; position of m-cu, 1cu-a, and 1–1A, shape of second submarginal cell, and angle between r1 and 2RS as in
Metasoma distinctly petiolate; head 3.75–4.10 × wider than apex of T1. T1 2.2–2.5 × longer than apical width; nearly parallel-sided, with apex 1.20–1.35 × wider than base; surface granular coriaceous throughout; completely without subapical depressions dorsally; dorsope, laterope, dorsal carinae, dorsal surface of T1 in profile, as in
Color: Mesosoma, T1, S1, ovipositor sheath, and most of head dark brown to black; antenna yellow basally, apical 0.3 brown; mandibles yellow; palps white; lower gena adjacent malar sulcus brown to brownish red; ventral 0.3–0.4 of clypeus yellow to brownish red. Tegula reddish brown with yellow margin. Legs yellow to pale yellow except most of hind coxa, apical 0.6–0.7 of hind femur, and fifth tarsomere of all legs brown; hind tibia varying from weakly infumate to light brown, basal 0.2 nearly always pale yellow. T2 mostly brownish red with median yellow blotch posteriorly; T3 yellow with anterior and lateral margins brownish red; T4-T6 yellow with anterior and lateral margins dark brown; visible parts of remaining terga yellow.
Body length 2.8–3.5 mm; wing length 3.2–3.6 mm.
This species shares with
Four of the specimens from the type series were reared from puparia of
This species is named after the collector, Allen Norrbom, who has provided many valuable host records for tephritid parasitoids.
This species attacks leaf-mining tephritids, as does
Opiinae.
Mandible distinctly narrowed from base to apex, without basal lobe ventrally. Labrum exposed. Clypeus relatively flat, not distinctly protruding in profile; ventral margin sharp, truncate to weakly concave. Malar sulcus a sharp, weakly curved groove. Occipital carina broadly absent dorsally, present laterally; widely separated from hypostomal carina ventrally. First flagellomere longer than second. Propleuron ventral-laterally without oblique carina; pronotum dorsally without pronope or otherwise enlarged pit, posterior margin transversely rugulose. Notauli deep, narrow, well developed anteriorly, usually extending onto disc posteriorly; midpit present. Precoxal sulcus distinctly impressed. Propodeum with large areola, posterior portion often obscured by rugose sculpture. Fore wing stigma long, narrow, parallel-sided, discrete posteriorly, r1 arising distinctly basad its midpoint but not from extreme base; m-cu entering base of second submarginal cell; second submarginal cell with 2RS shorter than 3RSb; 2CUb arising above middle of hind margin of first subdiscal cell. Dorsope and laterope of T1 absent; S1 at least 0.7 × length of T1 in females, slightly shorter in males, apparently fused to T1; T1 long and narrow throughout; T2 and following terga unsculptured. Ovipositor tapering evenly to a fine point, without dorsal nodes or ridges.
The shape of the stigma has been proposed as a useful feature for assessing relationships among opiines (
We recognize two distinct species groups within
Lengthy descriptions (
The type species of
Costa Rica, Mount Irazu, 2200–2300 m.
Holotype. Male (NHMW), first label, first line: Costa Rica, Irazu, second line: 2200–2300 m, 21–28. third line: V.’30. Reimoser Second label, first line: Opius second line: euryteniformis third line: sp. n. fourth line: det. Fischer Third label: Holotype [purple], Fourth label: NHMW
Holotype male. Head in dorsal view with temples neither receding nor expanded beyond eyes; in lateral view, eye about 1.6 × longer than temple. Labrum partly exposed between clypeus and mandibles (
Unknown.
Placement of this species in
The holotype bears a single data label containing the information given above. However, the label data listed in the original description are as follows: “Costa Rica, La Caja bei San José, H. Schmidt”. As this species was described from a single male specimen, and the specimen from Irazu labeled as the holotype matches the original description, it is likely that the locality data in the original publication is an inadvertent error. The new species described immediately before
Diagnoses are presented below for two species that represent a fairly diverse group of neotropical
Colombia, Magdalena, 41 km south of Sta. Marta, 7000 ft.
Holotype. Female (AEIC), first label, first line: 41Km S.St. Marta second line: Magd., Colombia third line: V.6.1973 7000 ft. fourth line: Howden&Campbell second label [red]: Holotype third label, first line: [female symbol] Opius second line: incoligma third line: Holotype fourth line: det Fischer sp. n.
Holotype female. Labrum completely concealed by mandibles; clypeus nearly as tall as wide, flat, not protruding, ventral margin convex. Mandible without basal lobe, distinctly narrowing apically to narrow, bifid tooth. Malar space distinct, malar sulcus deep, distinct. Antenna with 33 flagellomeres. Pronotum dorsally without pronope or distinct pit, mostly unsculptured, crenulate posterior margin broadly interrupted medially. Disc of mesoscutum nearly bare, with a few setae along traces of notauli; midpit small, distinct, narrowly elongate; notauli weak, present as very short, weakly sculptured grooves directed posterior-medially from and along edge of anterior declivity, not extending posteriorly onto disc of mesoscutum; distinct supra-marginal carina extending laterally from base of notaulus to tegula. Scuto-scutellar sulcus narrow (about 6–7 × wider than long but difficult to measure), crenulate throughout. Precoxal sulcus distinct, moderately deep, long, completely unsculptured, somewhat vertically oriented as in
The venation (
Ecuador, Troya, 2900 m.
Holotype. Female (AEIC), first label, first line: Troya, Ecuador second line: VI. 10–13. 65 2900m. third line: Luis Pena second label [purple]: Holotype third label, first line: Opius [female symbol] second line: rugicoxis third line: det Fischer sp. n. fourth label, first line: Type no. second line: 659
Holotype female. Labrum completely concealed by mandibles (
The hind coxa is smooth to weakly punctate in other species treated here.
Mandible very weakly narrowing, nearly parallel-sided over distal 0.5, more abruptly widening basally, with weak to distinct basal lobe. Labrum narrowly exposed to concealed. Clypeus relatively weakly but distinctly protruding in profile; ventral margin truncate. Malar sulcus absent or represented only by a short, weak indentation adjacent eye; malar space distinct, at least as long as basal width of mandible. Occipital carina broadly absent dorsally, present laterally, distinctly separate from hypostomal carina ventrally. First flagellomere much longer than second. Propleuron ventral-laterally without oblique carina. Notauli short, shallow, narrow, confined to anterior declivity, not extending onto disc posteriorly; distinct midpit absent. Precoxal sulcus broad, very weakly impressed, unsculptured. Propodeum granular rugose, without areola. Fore wing stigma long, narrow, curled in holotypes of both species treated below, but not as discrete distally as in
There is as yet no host data for either of the species currently included in
Ecuador, Cerro Tinajillas, 3200 m.
Holotype. Male (AEIC), first label, first line: Cerro Tinajillas second line: 3200m Ecuador third line: III. 18–21. 65 fourth line: Luis Peña second label [purple]: Holotype third label, first line: Opius [male symbol] second line: tubigaster third line: det Fischer sp. n. fourth label: first line: Type no. second line: 589
Holotype male. Labrum partly concealed by mandibles (
Ecuador, Cañar, Naupán, 3200 m.
Holotype. Female (AEIC), first label, first line: W. Naupán(Cañar) second line: 3200m. Ecuador third line: XII. 10. 70 fourth line: Luis Peña second label [red]: Holotype third label, first line: [female symbol] Opius second line: tubibasis third line: Holotype sp. n. fourth line: det. Fischer fourth label [yellow] Type 1195
Holotype female. Labrum completely concealed by mandibles; clypeus tall, narrow, weakly protruding in profile, ventral margin truncate. Mandible with weak basal lobe, apically nearly parallel-sided. Malar space distinct, malar sulcus not evident except as a small impression adjacent eye. Antenna with 24 flagellomeres. Pronotum dorsally not readily visible in holotype. Disc of mesoscutum nearly bare, with a very sparse row of setae between notauli and transscutal articulation; midpit absent or nearly so, with faint indication of a depression when viewed in certain angles; notauli weak, present as short, weakly sculptured grooves on anterior declivity, not extending posteriorly onto disc of mesoscutum; supra-marginal carina between base of notaulus and tegula absent. Scuto-scutellar sulcus relatively narrow as in
Tubiformopius spp.
We thank David Wahl (AEIC) and Kees van Achterberg (RMNH) for extended loans of holotypes, as well as Dominique Zimmermann and Manuela Vizek (NHMW), Gavin Broad (BMNH), Robert Kula and Paul Marsh (USNM), Jenö Papp (HNHM) and Henri Goulet (CNC) for assistance with loans of types and/or other material in their care. Ana DalMolin provided notes on the holotype of
Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology Table. (doi: