Biology of Phyllonorycter caraganella (Ermolaev, 1986) on Caragana manshurica, Russian Far East, Primorsky Krai, 27.VII.2016 A sampling plot B young epidermal tunnel mines on low side of the leaflet (indicated by the arrows) C–D flat blotch mine with the preceding epidermal tunnel (arrow) E tentiform mine with leaf margin folded downwards and with whitish “windows” – the regions of eaten out palisade parenchyma in the mine (arrows) F same mine (see E) from lower side of the leaflet, with pupal exuvium protruding the mine (arrow). Scale bar: 20 mm.