Corresponding author: Mei-Jun Zhao (
Academic editor: M. Thomas
This work treats species of the genus
The family
Herein, tribal placement of included taxa follows a five-tribe system:
The first described member of the genus
Before our study, there were 17 valid species and 1 subspecies placed in the genus
In this work, while examining the specimens of
The internal sac of the male genitalia is held invaginated within the median lobe. During copulation, the internal sac is everted; exposing any microstructure and extending the flagellum. The median lobe, internal sac, and flagellum are the true copulatory organs and show the majority of species specific characters. For additional insight into the genitalia of
In this work, after dissection of the internal sac, we found the dorsal lobe of
Female genitaliaseemed to vary little from species to species. Structures varied in proportions, but species recognition based on female genitalia was not possible with any degree of confidence. The sclerotized spermatheca showed some variation in shape which could be useful to determine relationships within the genus. See
In addition to extensive collecting by the authors and their colleagues, Chinese specimens of the tribe
Erotylids were collected in a wide variety of woodland fungi, in crevices under bark or in other retreats by splitting and sifting, and in light traps. For an examination of the male genitalia, the abdominal segments were detached from the body after softening in hot water. The genitalia, together with other dissected parts, were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Gesellschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides. Photos of sexual characters were taken with a FUJIFILM X10 camera attached to an Olympus SZX 16 stereoscope; habitus photos were taken with a Canon macro photo lens MP-E 65 mm attached to a Canon EOS7D camera.
The specimens treated in this study are deposited in the following public and private collections:
Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, P. R. China
Florida State Collection of Arthropods, USA [Paul E. Skelley]
The Natural History Museum, London, England
CollectionofWen-xuan, Bi, Shanghai, China
1 | Mesosternum exposed; eyes not very coarsely facetted | |
– | Prosternal process covering the mesosternum; eyes very coarsely facetted | 2 |
2 | Head with the pit posterior to the postmandibular lobes, pronotum without a deep sulcus along each side and narrowly margined in lateral view | |
– | Head without the pit posterior to the postmandibular lobes, pronotum with a deep sulcus along each side, which is broadly margined in lateral view |
Body (
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Habitus of
Male genitalia of
Elytra of
Defining characters for
1 | Body black to reddish-brown, each elytra black with two narrow orange bands | 2 |
– | Body red, elytra with orange and black spots or bands ( |
|
2 | Body shining, punctation of pronotum fine and sparse ( |
|
– | Body not shining, punctation of pronotum coarse and close ( |
Body (
Head width between eyes = 4 times eye diameter in dorsal view; punctation fine, spare, separated by two to four puncture diameters; epistome truncate, lacking marginal line on anterior margin; stridulatory files not evident. Eyes coarsely facetted. Antennomere III about 1.2 times as long as IV; antennomere VIII slightly wider than VII, about 1.3 times as wide as long; antennomere IX trapezoidal; antennomere X transverse; antennomere XI almost elliptic. Gular area with pit posterior to the postmandibular lobes. Maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres acuminate, sensory area restricted to apex. Mentum broad with anterior projection, almost triangular, slightly more than 2.3 times wider than long.
Pronotum arched, widest at base (pl/pw = 0.65); narrowed from base to apex, with formed thinned lines in lateral view; disk finely and spare punctured, except the impunctate medio-basal area, which is limited by an arched transverse row of fine punctures.
Prosternum with median area including its process elevated in an elongate triangular plane, which is distinctly bordered by a ridge on both sides and shortly rounded-subtruncate in front, bearing a few fine punctures; sides rugose, coarsely and densely punctured. Mesosternum almost conceled by prosternal process, impunctate as the mesepisterna, which is somewhat concave. Metasternum rather sparsely and strongly punctured on lateral areas, some finer punctures on median area, with a pair of mesocoxal lines strongly divergent posteriorly. Abdomen rather strongly and closely punctured, but median areas of four basal visible sternites and medio-basal area of last visible sternite with few punctures respectively; without metacoxal lines on basal visible sternite. Legs rather robust.
Scutellum pentagonal, finely and sparely punctured.
Elytra convex, with eight striae of distinct punctures on each elytron and each interstice with a row of extremely fine punctures.
Male genitalia (
China (Hainan Province).
Characterized by its shining body, spare punctured pronotum and dorsal lobe’s unique structure of internal sac.
This species is named in honor of Mr. Zhong Peng, one of the collectors of this new species.
Body (
Head width between eyes = 7 times eye diameter in dorsal view; punctation coarse, close, separated by half to two puncture diameters; epistome truncate, lacking marginal line on anterior margin; stridulatory files not evident. Eyes coarsely facetted. Antennomere III about 1.4 times as long as IV; antennomere VIII slightly wider than VII, about 1.2 times as wide as long; antennomere IX trapezoidal; antennomere X transverse; antennomere XI almost elliptic. Gular area with pit posterior to the postmandibular lobes (
Pronotum (
Prosternum with median area including its process elevated in an elongate triangular plane, which is distinctly bordered by a ridge on both sides and shortly rounded-subtruncate in front, bearing a few fine punctures; sides rugose, coarsely and densely punctured. Mesosternum almost conceled by prosternal process, impunctate as the mesepisterna, which is somewhat concave. Metasternum rather sparsely and strongly punctured on lateral areas, some finer punctures on median area, with a pair of mesocoxal lines strongly divergent posteriorly. Abdomen rather strongly and closely punctured, but median areas of four basal visible sternites and medio-basal area of last visible sternite with few punctures respectively; without metacoxal lines on basal visible sternite. Legs rather robust.
Scutellum pentagonal, with each corner rounded, flattish and almost impunctate on surface.
Elytra convex, with eight striae of distinct punctures on each elytron and each interstice with a row of extremely fine punctures.
Male genitalia (
Female genitalia (
China, Japan.
Characterized by its close punctured pronotum, orange bands of elytra and dorsal lobe’s unique structure of internal sac.
Body (
Head width between eyes = 8 times eye diameter in dorsal view; punctation coarse, close, separated by half to two puncture diameters; epistome truncate, lacking marginal line on anterior margin; stridulatory files not evident. Eyes coarsely facetted. Antennomere III about 1.7 times as long as IV; antennomere VIII slightly wider than VII, about 1.2 times as wide as long; antennomere IX trapezoidal; antennomere X transverse; antennomere XI almost elliptic. Gular area with pit posterior to the postmandibular lobes (
Pronotum (
Prosternum with median area including its process elevated in an elongate triangular plane, which is distinctly bordered by a ridge on both sides and shortly rounded-subtruncate in front, bearing a few fine punctures; sides rugose, coarsely and densely punctured. Mesosternum almost conceled by prosternal process, impunctate as the mesepisterna, which is somewhat concave. Metasternum rather sparsely and strongly punctured on lateral areas, some finer punctures on median area, with a pair of mesocoxal lines strongly divergent posteriorly. Abdomen rather strongly and closely punctured, but median areas of four basal visible sternites and medio-basal area of last visible sternite with few punctures respectively; without metacoxal lines on basal visible sternite. Legs rather robust.
Scutellum pentagonal, with each corner rounded, flattish and almost impunctate on surface.
Elytra convex, with eight striae of distinct punctures on each elytron and each interstice with a row of extremely fine punctures.
Male genitalia (
Female genitalia (
China, Japan, Russia (Far East), Oriental region.
Nakane described ‘
Based on the information outlined above, we considered
Body small, elongate oval (
Habitus of
Prosternum of
Mouth part of
Pronotum of
Pronotum of
Flagellum of
Male genitalia of
Male genitalia of
Habitat and adult feeding fungues of
Type material of
China, Japan.
This new genus can be distinguished from
As a uniquely new group within
1 | Pronotum entirely reddish-brown, without markings | |
– | Pronotum black or reddish-brown, with markings | 2 |
2 | Pronotum black, with a pair of red markings | |
– | Pronotum reddish-brown, with a subtriangular black marking at each side of median part of anterior area and also a pair of transverse black markings at middle of base |
Body (
Head width between eyes = 8 times eye diameter in dorsal view; punctation coarse, sparse, separated by 3-4 puncture diameters; epistome truncate, lacking marginal line on anterior margin; stridulatory files not evident. Eyes coarsely facetted. Antennomere III about 1.8 times as long as IV; antennomere VIII slightly wider than VII, about 1.2 times as wide as long; antennomere IX trapezoidal; antennomere X transverse; antennomere XI almost elliptic; relative lengths of antennomeres II–XI: 15: 18: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 14: 15: 17. Maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres acuminate, sensory area restricted to apex. Mentum broad with anterior projection, almost triangular, slightly more than 3.5 times wider than long.
Pronotum arched, widest at base (pl/pw = 0.55); narrowed from base to apex, with a deep sulcus along each side, which is broadly margined and the bordering gradually widened anteriorly (
Prosternum (
Scutellum pentagonal, with each corner rounded, flattish and almost impunctate on surface.
Elytra strongly convex, with eight striae of distinct punctures on each elytron and each interstice with a row of extremely fine punctures.
Male genitalia (
China, Japan.
Characterized by its small body and black pronotum.
Body (
Head width between eyes = 8 times eye diameter in dorsal view; punctation coarse, sparse, separated by 3-4 puncture diameters; epistome truncate, lacking marginal line on anterior margin; stridulatory files not evident. Eyes coarsely facetted. Antennomere III about 1.8 times as long as IV; antennomere VIII slightly wider than VII, about 1.2 times as wide as long; antennomere IX trapezoidal; antennomere X transverse; antennomere XI almost elliptic; relative lengths of antennomeres II–XI: 15: 18: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 14: 15: 17. Maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres acuminate, sensory area restricted to apex. Mentum broad with anterior projection, almost triangular, slightly more than 3.5 times wider than long.
Pronotum arched, widest at base (pl/pw = 0.55); narrowed from base to apex, with a deep sulcus along each side, which is broadly margined and the bordering gradually widened anteriorly (
Prosternum (
Scutellum pentagonal, with each corner rounded, flattish and almost impunctate on surface.
Elytra strongly convex, with eight striae of distinct punctures on each elytron and each interstice with a row of extremely fine punctures.
Male genitalia (
Female genitalia (
China, Japan.
Characterized by its small body and entirely reddish-brown pronotum.
China (Taiwan).
Characterized by its small body and markings of pronotum.
Chûjô described
We thank Paul E. Skelley, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, USA for specimen loans and helpful discussions on distinction and relationship between