Three new species of the genus Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) from Korea

Abstract Korean species of the genus Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are reviewed. Four species of Cymodusa (Cymodusa) are reported from Korea, including one newly recorded species, Cymodusa aenigma Dbar (1985), and three new species, Cymodusa koreana sp. n., Cymodusa yeungnamensis sp. n. and Cymodusa geolimi sp. n. This genus is reported for the first time from Korea. Descriptions with photographs of new species, line drawings of propodeum and metasomal tergites of the Palaearctic species of the “australis” group and a key to the Korean Cymodusa species are provided.


Introduction
The genus Cymodusa Holmgren (1859) is a moderately large genus in the subfamily Campopleginae Förster with contains about 40 described species from the Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Western Palaearctic regions (Yu et al. 2012).
The "australis" group can easily be distinguished from the other species groups by the following characteristics: temple very narrowed; areolet with the 2 nd recurrent vein before the middle; 6 th and 7 th tergites deeply emarginate in dorsal view.
In this study, we report the "australis" group of Cymodusa for the first time from Korea, including one newly recorded species and three new species.

Materials and methods
Materials used in this work were collected by sweeping and Malaise trapping, and were deposited in the animal systematic laboratory of the Yeungnam University (YNU, Gyeongsan, Korea). Some specimens examined in this study were loaned by the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Sektionen for Entomologi (Swedish Museum of Natural History Department of Entomology) (NR, Stockholm, Sweden). Specimens were examined using a stereo microscope (Zeiss Stemi SV 11 Apo;Carl Zeiss,Göttingen,Germany) and key characters shown in the photographs were produced using a Delta imaging system (i-Delta 2.6; iMTechnology, Daejeon, Korea). The morphological terminology is mostly that of Gupta & Maheshwary (1977). Abbreviations are as follows. TD, type depository; TS, type species; ZI, Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; GW, Gangwon-do; GB, Gyeongsangbuk-do; GN, Gyeongsangnam-do.  Antenna with 34-35 flagellomeres.
Morphology. Head: Head finely and densely punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple broad and convex, finely punctate. Mandible very short, upper tooth longer than lower tooth (Fig. 1D). Ocelli slightly large; diameter of median ocellus 1.1 times as long as distance between ocellus and eye; lateral ocellus separated from eye by 0.9 times lateral ocellus diameter.
Morphology. Head: Head finely and densely punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple broad and convex, finely punctate. Mandible very short, upper tooth as long as lower tooth (Fig. 2C). Minimum distance between eyes 0.6 times as long as maximum distance (Fig. 2B). Ocelli small; diameter of median ocellus 0.9 times as long as distance between ocellus and eye; lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.3 times of lateral ocellus diameter. Antenna with 31-32 flagellomeres, 1 st flagellomere 1.3 times as long as 2 nd flagellomere.
Metasoma: Thyridium small, oval; separated from base of 2 nd tergite by more than 2.0 times its diameter; distance between base of 2 nd tergite and thyridium 0.5 times as long as distance between base of 2 nd tergite and spiracle (Fig. 2K). 6 th and 7 th tergites deeply emarginate apically (Fig. 2M). Ovipositor 1.5 times as long as hind tibia (Fig. 2J).
Male. Unknown. Distribution. Korea. Etymology. The specific name is derived from Korea, the locality of the type specimens.
Comments. This species is similar to C. rufiventris Dbar, 1985 in the structure of the propodeum and costula, but the basal area is different, areolet is sessile and pentagonal, and the metasoma is darker.  Color. Head black. Scape and pedicel blackish brown. Antenna black, except 3 antennal flagellomeres yellow. Mandible yellow, brown apically. Mesosoma black; tegula brown. Fore leg yellowish brown; mid coxa black, brown apically, trochanter and trochantellus yellow, femur to tarsus brown; hind coxa and trochanter black, trochantellus yellow, femur blackish brown, tibia reddish brown, blackish brown basally and apically, tarsus blackish brown. Metasoma blackish brown; petiole black. Thyridium reddish brown. Ovipositor brown.
Morphology. Head: Head densely finely punctate; Vertex slightly punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple finely punctate and flat. Mandible very short, upper tooth as long as lower one (Fig. 3C). Minimum distance between eyes 0.6 times as long as maximum distance (Fig. 3B). Ocelli small; diameter of median ocellus 0.8 times as long as distance between ocellus and eye; lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.6 times of lateral ocellus diameter. Antenna with 32 flagellomeres, 1 st flagellomere 1.5 times as long as 2 nd flagellomere.
Metasoma: Thyridium separated from base of 2 nd tergite by more than 3.0 times its diameter; distance between base of 2 nd tergite and thyridium 0.5 times as long as distance between base of 2 nd tergite and spiracle (Fig. 3K). 6 th and 7 th tergites deeply emarginate apically (Fig. 3N). Ovipositor (Fig. 3G) 1.6 times as long as hind tibia.
Male. Unknown. Distribution. Korea. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the locality of the type specimens. Comments. This species is similar to C. aenigma Dbar, 1985, but the areolet is not sessile and the basal 1 st to 3 rd flagellomeres are yellow below (as in C. leucocera Holmgren and C. distincta Cresson). Comments. This species is similar to C. oculator Dbar (1985) but differs by the number of flagellar segments, developed clypeal fovea, basal area and areola not separated, and a different color pattern.