First record of the aphid genus Neonipponaphis Takahashi (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China, with a description of one new species

Abstract The aphid genus Neonipponaphis Takahashi is reviewed and reported in China for the first time, with a description of one new species, Neonipponaphis pustulosissp. n. on Castanopsis eyrei from Fujian. A key to species, morphological descriptions, features, host plants, and distributions are provided. Holotype and paratypes are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.


First record of the aphid genus Neonipponaphis
Takahashi (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae) from China, with a description of one new species

Introduction
The aphid genus Neonipponaphis was erected by Takahashi (1962), with description of type species Neonipponaphis shiiae.It was distinguished by prosoma of apterae distinctly separated from abdominal segments II-VII, bearing numerous fine setae and abdominal tergite VIII with 4-6 setae, as well as abdomen of alatae with many dorsal setae and siphunculi large in diameter at base, with distinct minute papillae.Until now, this genus is only known by the type species which occurs in Japan (Takahashi 1962;Ghosh and Raychaudhuri 1973;Blackman and Eastop 1994;Remaudière and Remaudière 1997).After identifying the specimens from Fujian, China and checking the specimens of the type species, we report a new species of Neonipponaphis from China, Neonipponaphis pustulosis sp.n., feeding on Castanopsis eyrei.

Materials and methods
Specimens of the new species were collected from Mount Wuyi (Wuyishan City) by J. Chen, Q. H. Liu, and X. T. Li.
Aphid terminology in this paper generally follows Takahashi (1962).The unit of measurements in this paper is millimeters (mm).
In Table 1, the following abbreviations have been used: Ant.I, Ant.II, and Ant.IIIb, for antennal segments I, II, and the base of antennal segment III, respectively; PT, processus terminalis; Ant.IIIBW, basal width of antennal segment III; URS, ultimate rostral segment; BW URS, basal width of ultimate rostral segment; 2HT, second hind tarsal segment; MW Hind tibia, mid-width of hind tibia; BW Cauda, basal width of cauda; AP, anal plate; GP, genital plate.
Specimen depositories: all specimens studied are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (NZMCAS).Comments.This genus is related to Nipponaphis Pergande, sharing several characters such as body of apterae aleyrodiform, flattened dorsoventrally, consisting of three parts -prosoma, fused abdominal segments II-VII, and separate abdominal segment VIII; dorsum of prosoma with scattered pustules; abdominal tergites II-VII with 6 pairs of submarginal setae and a pair of posteromesial setae on abdominal tergite VII; siphunculi pore-like; tarsi normal, 2-segmented, with normal claws; abdomen of alatae with 4 pairs of spiracles, and median vein of fore wings once branched.Neonipponaphis is distinguished by abdominal tergites II-VII distinctly separated from prosoma and the presence of numerous fine setae on the dorsum of prosoma and abdominal tergites II-VII in apterae.

Key to species of Neonipponaphis (Apterous viviparous females) 1
Body large, 1.41-1.63mm long, with longer hind legs, the hind tibiae being 0.10-0.11times as long as body.Pustules on prosoma small.Spinal and submarginal setae on dorsum of prosoma distinctly longer, thicker, and stiffer than the scattered dorsal setae.Etymology.The new species is named for the small and crowded pustules on the dorsum of prosoma."Pustulosis" (Latin) means "blister, bubble".
Taxonomic notes.The new species is similar to the type species N. shiiae Takahashi, but differs in morphology by the characters given in the key.
Biology.Apterous exules live on the twigs of the host plants and are attended by ants (Figs 18,19).Other morphs and life cycle are unknown.Typical life cycle of nipponaphidines is host-alternating and holocyclic, with gall formation on Distylium.Thus, this species is either anholocyclic on Castanopsis eyrei or has gallinhabiting generations still unknown or known under another name on Distylium.Field observations, transfer experiments, and molecular study are needed to elucidate its life cycle.

Table 1 .
Morphometric data of species of Neonipponaphis (in mm).

For abbreviations see Materials and methods) Neonipponaphis pustulosis sp. n. Neonipponaphis shiiae Takahashi Apterous vivipara (n=14)
-segmented, with primary rhinaria placed wide apart on the terminal segment, in alatae 5-segmented with annular secondary rhinaria.Rostrum short and thick.Ultimate rostral segment blunt wedge-shaped, with 2 pairs of primary setae and a pair of secondary setae.Legs normal, tibial setae long and fine, hind tibiae with several short peg-like setae on distal part; tarsi 2-segmented, claws normal, first tarsal chaetotaxy in apterae: 2, 2, 2. Abdomen with many long dorsal setae and 4 pairs of spiracles in alatae.Siphunculi in apterae small, pore-like, in alatae low but much expanded basally, with distinct minute papillae around the pore.Cauda knobbed and constricted at base.Anal plate bilobed.Wings dusky and reticulated; fore wings with pterostigma dark and broadly rounded at hind margin, media once branched; hind wings with 2 obliques.Distribution.Japan and here newly recorded from China (Fujian).Host plants.Castanopsis cuspidata and C. eyrei.