Cryptopimpla (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae) of South Korea, with description of two new species

Abstract The genus Cryptopimpla Taschenberg is recorded for the first time in South Korea. Four species are recognized; among these, two species, C.aspeculosus Kang & Lee, sp. n. and C.pentagonalis Kang & Lee, sp. n., are described as new to science. For the other two species, C.brevigena Kuslitzkii and C.carinifacialis Sheng, the males were hitherto unknown and are described here. An illustrated identification key is provided for the species of Cryptopimpla known from South Korea.


Introduction
Cryptopimpla Taschenberg is a moderately large genus with a worldwide distribution, containing 57 species (Reynolds Berry and van Noort 2016; Yu et al. 2016). Among these, 15 species are from the Eastern Palearctic region. Additionally, the Oriental, and Western Palearctic regions contain 15 species each, only one from the Neotropical region, and eight from the Nearctic region (Yu et al. 2016). Recently, Sheng (2011) described five new species from China. As a member of the tribe Atrophini, the genus can be distinguished by the following combination of traits: occipital carina joining hypostomal carina; dorsal tooth of mandible longer than ventral tooth; epomia absent; ventral half of mesopleuron weakly convex; forewing with areolet; hindwing vein 1/cu slightly longer than cu-a; ovipositor sheath 0.5-1.0 times as long as hind tibia; ovipositor tip with subapical dorsal notch (Townes 1970). Cryptopimpla species are parasitoids of leaf-rolling larvae of Lepidoptera (Yu et al. 2016). Unfortunately, the hosts from the species of Cryptopimpla that occur in South Korea remain unknown. This work aims to provide a taxonomic account of the Cryptopimpla from South Korea, recording the genus for the first time, and describing two new species to sciences.

Materials and methods
Specimens were collected by sweeping and Malaise traps, and are deposited in the animal systematic laboratory of Yeungnam University (Gyeongsan, South Korea). Morphological terminology follows that of the American Entomological Institute website (http://www.amentinst.org/GIN/morphology.php), wing vein nomenclature is based on Ross (1936). Specimens were examined using an AxioCam MRc5 camera attached to a stereo microscope (Zeiss SteREO Discovery V20; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany), processed using AxioVision SE64 software (Carl Zeiss), and optimized with a Key to species of the genus Cryptopimpla from South Korea Male. Forewing 7.6 mm (7.6-7.7 mm, n = 2), body 10.3 mm (10.3-10.5 mm, n = 2) long ( Fig. 1A). Head. In dorsal view, 2.3 times as wide as long, and distinctly narrowed behind, densely and coarsely punctate with coriaceous between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.6 times as long as distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Flagellum with 38 elongated flagellomeres; 1 st flagellomere 3.5 times as long as wide. Occipital carina narrowly curved from above, reaching hypostomal carina above the base of mandible. Face weakly convex medially, 1.7 times as wide as long, densely and rather coarsely punctate, without carina between antennal sockets (Fig. 1B). Clypeus weakly convex; 2.3 times as wide as long, with sparse punctures and blunt fore ridge. Malar space 0.7 times as long as basal width of mandible.
Mesosoma. Coarsely and densely punctate on the coriaceous surface; 1.6 times as long as high. Notaulus long and shallow. Epicnemial carina reaches near the ventral hind margin of pronotum, but does not join it. Propodeum slightly straight in lateral view, with posterior transverse, pleural carinae and weak median longitudinal carina; propodeal spiracle moderately large, oval (Fig. 1C). Legs very slender; hind femur 7.1 times as long as wide; hind inner tibial spur 0.42 times as long as 1 st tarsal segment; ratio of hind tarsal segments are 5.2:2.3:1.5:1.0:1.3; all tarsal claws simple. Forewing with incomplete 3rs-m; 2m-cu with a single bulla; 1cu-a vein weakly postfurcal; vein 2-Cu as long as 2cua. Hindwing with 8 distal hamuli; vein 1/cu about 1.5 times as long as cu-a (Fig. 1E).
Color. Body black; basal half of clypeus and mandible, palpi, collar, hind ventral and dorsal angle of pronotum, wide lateral stripe on mesonotum from tegula to mid lobe, tegula, subtegular ridge, fore and mid coxa, fore trochanter from below and hind tarsus, except basal 3/4 of basitarsus and apical half of last tarsal segment yellow; fore and mid femora, tibiae and tarsi reddish, hind tibia and hind basitarsus (except apical 1/4) red; apical half of last tarsal segment of hind leg dark brown.
Remarks. The species is similar to C. brevigena, from which it differs by the presence of pleural and posterior transverse carinae and the entirely black face. Further- more, the malar space in C. brevigena is 0.3 times as long as the basal width of the mandible while in C. aspeculosus it is 0.7 times. Additionally, this species is easily separated from other two species (C. carinifacialis and C. pentagonalis) as follows: the 3rs-m vein in C. aspeculosus is only present in the basal part, while in the other two species have a complete 3rs-m vein. Male. Forewing 7.7 mm (7.4-8.0 mm, n = 42), body 9.5 mm (9.3-9.7 mm, n = 42) long ( Fig. 2A).

Cryptopimpla brevigena Kuslitzkii, 2007
Head. In dorsal view, 2.0 times as wide as long, narrowed behind, round, densely punctate with coriaceous between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.64 times as long as distance between compound eye and lateral ocellus. Flagellum with 46 (43-48, n = 40) elongated flagellomeres; 1 st flagellomere 3.8 times as long as wide. Occipital carina evenly curved from above, meeting hypostomal carina near base of mandible. Face convex medially, 1.7 times as wide as long, densely and coarsely punctate (Fig.  2B). Clypeus strongly convex; 2.5 times as wide as long, with more sparse punctures and blunt fore ridge. Malar space 0.28 times as long as basal width of mandible.
Metasoma. 1 st tergite 2.2 times as long as wide, with spiracles before its middle (Fig. 2D); lateral carina developed on entire length of tergite. 2 nd tergite 1.4 times as long as its apical width. All tergites coriaceous with fine punctures.
Color. Body black. Scape and pedicel from below, a large triangular spot on face centrum, clypeus entirely, mandible except teeth, palpi, hind dorsal corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, fore and mid coxa and trochanters, and hind trochanters from below yellow. Fore and mid legs orange yellow, basal hind tibia faint whitish.
Head. In dorsal view, 2.0 times as wide as long, narrowed behind roundly, densely and finely punctate, coriaceous between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.9 times as long as distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Flagellum with 49 elongated segments; 1 st flagellomere 4.0 times as long as wide. Occipital carina complete entirely, reaching hypostomal carina above base of mandible. Inner profile of basal half of flagellum without a strong longitudinal carina (present only in female). Face convex medially, 1.3 times as wide as long, coriaceous and densely punctate, with short, distinct median longitudinal carina just between and below antennal sockets (Fig. 3B). Clypeus 2.4 times as wide as long; sparsely punctured at basal half. Malar space 0.5 times as long as basal width of mandible.
Color. Body black, with numerous yellow marks; scape and pedicel from below, 11 th to 18 th flagellomeres, facial orbit, face, clypeus, mandible, malar space, ventral 2/3 of outer eye orbit, palpi, fore margin of pronotum widely and hind dorsal angle, two antero-lateral spots and two spots on mid mesonotum, scutellum except basally and apically, subtegular ridge, a spot on hind low ventral part of mesopleuron above mid coxa to near epicnemial carina, two spots on propodeum apically, fore and mid legs, all trochanters, hind coxa apically, basal half of hind tibia, hind tarsal segments except basal half of 1 st one, all tergites apically yellow; hind femur darkened from above, red-yellow from below.
Female. Flagellum with 46 segments. Hindwing with 9 distal hamuli. There is some variation in coloration from the original description: scape and pedicel entirely black; inner eye orbit and ventral half of outer orbit, apical half of clypeus, mandible except basally and teeth yellow; meso -and metapleuron entirely black, but propodeum with two yellow spots apically; apical part of hind basitarsus, and 2 nd to 4 th tarsal segments entirely yellow; 1 st and 2 nd tergites with two latero-apical yellow spots.
Head. In dorsal view, 3.4 times as wide as long, narrowed behind distinctly, densely punctate between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.77 times as long as distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Flagellum with 42 (in paratypes 41-43, n = 6) elongated segments; 1 st flagellomere 5.0 times as long as wide. Occipital carina weakly curved from above, reaching hypostomal carina at base of mandible. Face slightly convex medially, 1.4 times as wide as long, densely and rather coarsely punctate (Fig. 4) without carina between antennal sockets (Fig. 4B). Clypeus convex; 1.8 times as wide as long with sparse punctures and blunt fore ridge. Malar space 0.6 times as long as basal width of mandible.
Metasoma. 1 st tergite 2.5 times as long as wide apically, without median and lateral carinae; spiracle situated before middle (Fig. 4D). 2 nd tergite 1.0 times as long as apical width. Ovipositor sheath 0.63 times as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor straight and compressed, with subapical dorsal notch.
Color. Black. Inner face of orbit, ventral part of frontal orbit, spot on top of eye orbit opposite to lateral ocellus, facial orbit, fore ridge of pronotum medially, thin lateral stripe on antero-lateral portion of mesonotum and 2 nd to 4 th tarsal segments of hind leg yellow. Apical half of clypeus, fore tibia, and tarsus reddish-brown.

Remarks.
With the pentagonal areolet, black metasoma, hind coxa and femur, this species is similar to Cryptopimpla henanensis Sheng, but differs in the propodeum structure and body coloration; in C. pentagonalis the mesosoma is entirely black while in C. henanensis it has more yellow spots. The latter species also has more flagellomeres; in C. henanensis with 46 segments while in C. pentagonalis with an average of 42 segments.