Corresponding author: Dominika Ružičková (
Academic editor: S. Winterton
Two new genera and species of
Ružičková D, Nel A, Prokop J (2019) New dustywings (Neuroptera, Coniopterygidae) from mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar reveal spectacular diversity. ZooKeys 827: 139–152.
List of extinct genera and species of
MESOZOIC | |
JURASSIC | |
Subfamily |
|
Callovian/Oxfordian; Kazakhstan | |
† |
|
CRETACEOUS | |
Subfamily |
|
Cenomanian; Myanmar | |
† |
|
Albian; France | |
† |
|
Turonian; U.S.A. | |
† |
|
† |
Turonian; U.S.A. |
† |
Turonian; U.S.A. |
† |
Turonian; U.S.A. |
Turonian; France | |
† |
|
Cenomanian; Myanmar | |
† |
|
† |
Santonian; Russia |
† |
Turonian; U.S.A |
† |
Santonian; Russia |
Barremian; Lebanon | |
† |
|
† |
Cenomanian; Russia |
Cenomanian, Myanmar | |
† |
|
Subfamily |
|
Albian; Jordan | |
† |
|
Barremian; Lebanon | |
† |
|
Cenomanian, Myanmar | |
† |
|
Cenomanian; Myanmar | |
† |
|
† |
Cenomanian; Myanmar |
Cenomanian; Myanmar | |
† |
|
Subfamily |
|
Cenomanian; Myanmar | |
† |
|
CENOZOIC | |
Subfamily |
|
Priabonian; Russia | |
† |
|
Priabonian; Russia | |
† |
|
Priabonian; Russia | |
† |
|
Priabonian; Poland | |
† |
|
Burdigalian/Langhian; Dominican Republic | |
† |
|
Rupelian; France | |
† |
|
Burdigalian/Langhian; Dominican Republic | |
† |
|
† |
Burdigalian/Langhian; Dominican Republic |
† |
Ypresian; India |
Subfamily |
|
Burdigalian/Langhian; Dominican Republic | |
† |
|
† |
Priabonian; Poland |
Holocene, Benin | |
† |
|
Ypresian; France | |
† |
|
† |
Priabonian; Russia |
Priabonian; Russia | |
† |
Herein we report two new genera and species of
All herein examined specimens are preserved in Burmese amber recovered from the deposits in northern Myanmar (Hukawng Valley, Kachin) (
The material was studied with Leica MZ12.5 stereomicroscope and Olympus BX40 microscope, and photographed using a Canon D550 digital camera mounted on a tripod and coupled with a MP-E 65 mm macro-lens, or attached to an Olympus BX40. The original photographs were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS4, while some images we prepared a series of focal layers which were them combined using the focus-stacking software packages Helicon Focus Pro or Zerene Stacker. The specimens reported herein are originally from the private collection of Patrick Müller, Käshofen, Germany (accession numbers abbreviated as BUB – Burmese Bernstein). All type specimens are deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin.
Terminology of wing venation nomenclature and interpretation of veins follow
Forewing hyaline; one straight crossvein in proximal part of costal area; ScP2 diverges obliquely from ScP1; crossvein ra-rp absent; crossvein rp-ma undulated; M without macrosetae reaching posterior wing margin with two branches; crossvein cua-cup straight and aligned with 2cup-a1.
The generic name is a combination collector’s surname (Müller) and the Greek ‘conis’ meaning dust. The generic name is feminine in gender.
BUB 2907; lowermost Cenomanian amber (
The specific epithet is after the hyaline forewing membrane.
As for the genus (
Male. Body length ca. 1.17 mm (measured from tip of head to tip of genitalia). Head poorly preserved, only the last three segments of one maxillary palp are visible and the terminal segment is distinctly broader and longer than two remaining. Length of terminal palpomere ca. 0.09 mm. Thorax length ca. 0.28 mm.
Forewing ca. 1.46 mm long, ca. 0.65 mm wide; ScP1 long and parallel to costal margin; Scp2 present; division of R into RA and RP at about one-third wing length; RA simple distally connected to ScP2, parallel to ScP1; RP forked; rp-ma markedly sinuate, near the fork RP1 and RP2, connected to MA; stem of M running close to stem of R, briefly connecting each other, M distally branched into MA and MP, without stiff setae; crossveins 1m–cua and 2m-cua present, 1m–cua near the base of wing, between M and CuA, 2m-cua slightly sinuate, between M and CuA, situated slightly behind midwing; CuP separated from CuA near the base of wing; cua-cup present, located at level of division veins RA and RP; crossveins 1cup-a1 and 2cup-a1 present, 1cup-a1 connected to CuP near to fork of CuA and CuP, 2cup-a1 almost aligned with cua-cup; A1 and A2 clearly connected near the base of wing, a1-a2 present. Hindwing ca. 1.25 mm long, ca. 0.55 mm wide with venation very similar to forewing, differing in position of sinuate crossvein rp2-ma; crossvein m-cua partially preserved and basal part of wing with hardly recognizable venation pattern. Legs slender; fore femora (only left femur is visible) a bit shorter and wider than femora of second and third pair of legs; tibias covered with setae; tarsi five-segmented; first tarsomere distinctly longer than remaining tarsomeres; fifth tarsomere elongated with two apical claws. Abdomen large, length 0.64 mm, width 0.22 mm, including genitalia, with widest part approximately in middle of its length, greatly tapering to narrow apical segments; abdominal plicatures absent. Genital structures hardly discernible, presumably below projection of gonarcus, ultimate apices of parameres visible from dorsal view.
Antennae with 19 flagellomeres. Forewing with three pigmented spots; two crossveins present in apical part of costal area. Crossvein rp2-ma approximately as long as basal abscissa of RP2. Media with one macroseta, ending with three terminal branches. Crossveins 1m-cua, 2mp2-cua and a1 present. Abdomen with discernible plicatures on sternites II-IV.
The generic name is a combination of Palaeo and the suffix conis meaning dust.
BUB 2914; lowermost Cenomanian amber (
The specific epithet honors Prof. Dany Azar (Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon), friend and colleague of AN and JP and worldwide known palaeoentomologist.
As for the genus (
Male. Body length ca. 1.93 mm (measured from tip of head to tip of genitalia). Head hypognathous, ca. 0.34 mm. Compound eyes well developed, 0.22 mm x 0.14 mm (from lateral view). Antennae 21-segmented (with 19 flagellomeres), scape and pedicel stouter, longer and broader than flagellomeres, first flagellomere longer and wider than remaining flagellomeres, flagellomeres subquadrate, nearly as long as wide, terminal flagellomere conical. Maxillary palps five-segmented, fifth segment distinctly larger than other palpomeres, length of fifth segment ca. 0.12 mm. Labial palps three-segmented, third segment larger than remaining. Thorax well developed. Prothorax narrower and overall smaller than meso- and metathorax.
Forewing ca. 2.19 mm long, ca. 0.93 mm wide; two distinct apical crossveins in costal area; division of ScP1 and ScP2 0.31 mm from wing apex; R branching into RA and RP 0.48 mm from wing base; RA simple, distally ending connecting with branch of ScP2; RP branched into RP1 and RP2; ra-rp1 present; first spot on basal abscissa of RP2 near RP1 (near place where is RP forked); crossvein rp-m oblique crossing dark spot about mid-length; M with three branches (MA, MP1 and MP2), M with one stiff seta near crossvein rp-m (Figs
Legs long and slender; femora covered with fine and sparse setae; tibiae covered with stiff and dense setae; tarsi five-segmented, first tarsomere distinctly longer than remaining tarsomeres, terminal tarsomere elongated ending with two claws, tarsi covered with fine dense setae. Abdomen large and broad, tapered to the end (visible from lateral view only); plicatures present on sternites II-IV; length of abdomen including genitalia 1.22 mm, width 0.54 mm. Structures of external genitalia hardly discernible with exception of domed and well-sclerotized ectoproct in lateral view and the caudal projection of gonarcus below.
In this contribution we extended our knowledge on past diversity of
We are very grateful to Patrick Müller (Käshofen, Germany) for making all the amber inclusions reported herein available for our descriptions. We thank to Vladimir Makarkin and Xingyue Liu for their insightful reviews and comments, which improved the manuscript. The work of the first author was supported by the Institutional Research Support grant of the Charles University, Prague (No. SVV 260 434 / 2018).