Two new species of the bamboo-feeding planthopper genus Purohita Distant from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae)

Abstract Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Purohita Distant, 1906, P.castaneussp. nov. and P.circumcinctasp. nov., are described and illustrated from southwest China (Yunnan), giving the genus thirteen species in total. A key is provided to distinguish eight Chinese species in the genus.

Species of Purohita with reported plant associations feed on bamboo (Distant 1906;Muir 1913;Huang et al. 1979;Yang and Yang 1986;Ding 2006; this paper). These members were always collected on several genera of bamboos including Sinocalamus, Bambusa, Pheioblastus, Phyllostachys and Dendrocalamus (Huang et al. 1979;Yang and Yang 1986;Ding 2006). P. taiwanensis Muir is of economic significance since the species has large populations in the bamboo fields and is widely distributed in southern China.
Herein, two new species: Purohita castaneus sp. nov. and P. circumcincta sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Yunnan province, China. A key to species of Purohita from China is provided.

Materials and methods
The morphological terminology and measurements follow Yang and Yang (1986). Body length was measured from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina. Dry male specimens were used for the description and illustration. External morphology was observed under a stereoscopic microscope and characters were measured with an ocular micrometer. Color pictures for adult habitus were obtained by the KEYENCE VHX-1000 system. The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH and drawn from preparations in glycerin jelly using a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Illustrations were scanned with a Canon CanoScan LiDE 200 and imported into Adobe Photoshop 6.0 for labeling and plate composition.
The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (IEGU). Medioventral processes with median ones each with two processes at apex (see Yang and Yang 1986 Pygofer with medioventral margin V-like; anal segment with length longer than width more 1.6: 1 (Fig. 19 Etymology. Specific epithet derived from "castaneus", referring to the brown color of the pronotum and mesonotum. Measurements. Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of tegmina): male 4.6-4.8 mm (n = 2); female 5.1-5.3 mm (n = 3); tegmen length: male 3.9-4.0 mm (n = 2); female 4.4-4.7 mm (n = 3).
Diagnosis. The salient features of the new species include the following: pygofer with medioventral processes forming a bifurcate hook, apices directed dorsomedially, and each side with a large triangular process (Fig. 7).
Description. Coloration. General color brown (Figs 1-6). Vertex yellowish brown. Frons with basal half brown speckled with milky white, thence milky white to apical quarter, the apical quarter yellowish brown. Genae milky white at basal two thirds and yellow at apical third. Clypeus yellowish brown. Rostrum black brown at apex. Antennae brown. Eyes reddish brown, ocelli red. Pronotum yellowish green, with lateral margins milky white. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Tegmina hyaline, veins with small hair-bearing granules, apical half bordered with black brown markings. Wings hyaline. Legs with longitudinal stripes, dark brown. Head and thorax. Vertex (Figs 1, 3) shorter in middle line than wide at base (0.71: 1), width at apex narrower than at base (0.31: 1), anterior margin distinct sinuate, Yshaped carina with stalk indistinct, with very short arms. Frons (Fig. 4) longer at mid-line than wide at widest part, about 1.73: 1, widest at apex. Base of postclypeus wider than apex of frons. Antennae (Fig. 4) with first segment rectangular, with central ridge, longer in middle line than widest part about 3.86: 1, longer than the second about 1.5: 1. Pronotum (Figs 1, 3) slightly shorter than vertex (0.73: 1). Mesonotum longer in middle line than vertex and pronotum together, about 2.08: 1, median carina reaching the end of scutellum, lateral carinae not attaining hind margin. Tegmen (Fig. 6) longer than widest portion about 3.58: 1. Spinal formula of hind leg 5-6-4.
Male genitalia. Anal segment (Figs 7, 8) at widest part narrower than pygofer, large, broad and flattened dorsoventrally. Anal style moderately long. Pygofer (Figs 7-9) with medioventral processes forming a bifurcate hook, apices directed dorsomedially, in lateral view, ventral margin of pygofer much longer than dorsal. Aedeagus (Fig. 10) with phallus slender, long, acute at apex, almost attached to ventral margin of pygofer, in lateral view, phallus turned in right angle at apical half. Phallobasal process rising from the base, long, blunt oval at apex. Genital styles (Figs 11, 12) large, curved inward at apical half, with basal half broad, then become of slender gradually, acute at apex.

Distribution. Southwest China (Yunnan).
Remarks. This species is similar to P. taiwanensis Muir, 1914 but differs from it by: (1) pygofer (Figs 7,9) with medioventral processes forming a bifurcate hook, apices directed dorsomedially (medioventral processes with apices directed dorsolaterally in P. taiwanensis); (2) sides of medioventral processes of pygofer (Fig. 7) each with a large triangular process (sides of medioventral processes each with a process enlarging at apex, apical margin truncate in P. taiwanensis); (3) genital styles (Fig. 11) in posterior view basal half distinctly wider than apical half (genital styles in posterior view basal half slightly wider than apical half in P. taiwanensis).
This species is also similar to P. sinica Huang & Ding, 1979 but differs from it by: (1) pygofer (Figs 7,9) with medioventral processes forming a bifurcate hook, without tooth on outer margin (medioventral process flattened, each with a small tooth on outer margin in P. sinica); (2) medioventral processes of pygofer (Figs 7,9) with apices directed dorsomedially (medioventral processes with apices directed dorsolaterally in P. sinica); (3) sides of medioventral processes of pygofer (Fig. 7) each with a triangular process, which at a distance from the medioventral processes (each with a triangular process near the medioventral processes in P. sinica).  Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the pygofer without medioventral process.
Description. Coloration. General color milky white to yellowish brown (Figs 13-18). Vertex yellowish green, submedian carinae brown. Frons yellow at basal half and milky white at apical half. Genae white. Postclypeus yellow at basal half and white at apical half. Anteclypeus milky white. Rostrum black brown at apex. Antennae yellowish brown. Eyes and ocelli reddish brown. Pronotum yellowish green, lateral margin milky white, with dark brown markings at apex of lateral carinae. Mesonotum yellowish green, with dark brown markings at near apex of lateral carinae and apex of scutellum. Tegmina milky white, hyaline, veins white with short dark brown stripes. Wings hyaline. Legs with longitudinal stripes, dark brown.
Male genitalia. Anal segment (Figs 19,20) at widest part narrower than pygofer, large, broad, flattened dorsoventrally and apex rounded. Anal style moderately long. Pygofer (Figs 19,20) slightly compressed laterally, in posterior view with opening longer than wide, medioventral margin V-like. Aedeagus (Fig. 21) with phallus slender, long, with base broad, then become of slender gradually, acute at apex. Phallobasal forked at apex, in profile broad, apex with two finger-like processes and near base with a stout tooth-like process. Genital styles (Fig. 22) large, broad at base, tapering apically.

Discussion
In this paper, we describe two new species from China and provisionally place it in the genus Purohita based on the very large antennae, first segment flattened, rectangular, longer than the second segment. Ishihara, 1949: 16, noted "[Purohita cervina Distant, 1906 is the commonest species of the genus", with the same note repeated in Yang and Yang (1986). Up till now we have no information about it in China. Therefore, P. cervina may be not widely distributed in China. Muir (1913) added one species, P. fuscovenosa, based on a female specimen from Macao, China. Unfortunately, we have not discovered the male specimen. The absence of males for comparison is regrettable.