Corresponding author: Li-Zhen Li (
Academic editor: J. Klimaszewski
Seven new species of the genus
According to a recent revision (
All the material treated in this study is deposited in the Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China (
Type labels are cited in their original spelling. A slash (/) is used to separate different labels. Type material bears the following type label: ‘HOLOTYPE [red] or PARATYPE [yellow], [genus name, species name], sp. n., [authors of the species], det. 2013.
The specimens were killed with ethyl acetate and then dried. Materials were stored in 75% ethanol; genitalia and small parts were embedded in Euparal on plastic slides that were attached to the same pin with the specimens.
Morphological studies were carried out using an Olympus SZX 16 stereoscope. A digital camera Canon EOS 50D with MP-E 65 mm Macro Photo Lens was used for the habitus photos. An Olympus CX21 microscope and a digital camera Canon G9 were used for the photos of small structures. The map was created using MapGis.
The measurements of various body parts are abbreviated as follows:
1 | Elytra with posterior portion partly or completely yellowish or reddish, mostly with yellowish spots, and often with bluish to purple hue | 2 |
– | Elytra uniformly dark-brown to blackish | 15a |
2 | Elytra with more or less extensive yellowish coloration posteriorly, at least posterior two fifths completely yellowish | 2a |
– | Elytra less extensively yellowish or reddish posteriorly, usually with more or less defined spots often leaving the lateral and/or posterior margins blackish | 4 |
2a | ♂: sternite VI with modified, stout and short black setae ( |
|
– | ♂: sternite VI without modified, stout and short black setae | 2b |
2b | ♂: sternite VII with modified, stout and short black setae ( |
|
– | ♂: sternite VII without modified, stout and short black setae | 3 |
3 | ♂: posterior excision of sternite VIII smaller and less deep; aedeagus 1.1 mm long, with ventral process apically undivided. Shaanxi: Qinling Shan | |
– | ♂: posterior excision of sternite VIII slightly larger and somewhat deeper; aedeagus larger, 1.2–1.3 mm long, ventral process apically with two long processes. Hubei, Beijing, Shanxi | |
4 | Large species; length of forebody at least 4.9 mm. Pronotum broad, 1.10–1.20 times as long as broad. Elytra 0.90–0.95 times as long as pronotum and without bluish hue. ♂: sternite VII with distinctly modified, short and stout black setae; sternite VIII with conspicuously deep posterior excision, its depth at least approximately half the length of sternite; ventral process of aedeagus ventrally with rasp-like structures | 5 |
– | Smaller species; length of fore body 4.6 mm at most. Pronotum more slender, 1.20–1.35 times as long as broad, only in one species broader ( |
5a |
5 | Pronotum slightly broader, 1.10–1.15 times as long as broad. ♂: posterior excision of sternite VIII extremely deep, reaching well beyond middle of sternite; aedeagus 1.6 mm long, ventral process with two rasp-like projections and stoutly blade-shaped. Northern Yunnan: Diancang Shan | |
– | Pronotum slightly less broad, 1.15–1.20 times as long as broad. ♂: posterior excision of sternite VIII less deep, approximately reaching middle of sternite; aedeagus 1.5 mm long, ventral process with more numerous rasp like projections, somewhat more slender and apically more acute in ventral view. Eastern Guizhou: Leigong Shan | |
5a | ♂: aedeagus 1.70–1.72 mm long, ventral process apically not bifid ( |
|
– | ♂: aedeagus 1.35 mm long, ventral process apically bifid | 6 |
6 | Elytral spots situated in anterior portion of posterior half of elytra (i.e., at some distance from posterior margin). Dorsal surface of head uneven, with median and lateral impressions. Punctation of head and pronotum extremely dense. Relatively large species; length of fore body 4.4–4.6 mm. Antennae slender. ♂: sternite VII moderately transverse; aedeagus 1.35 mm long, ventral process apically bifid. Western Hubei: Daba Shan, Guizhou, Shaanxi | |
– | Elytral spots situated at or near posterior margin of elytra. Dorsal surface of head without distinct impressions. Punctation of head and pronotum less dense. Smaller species, length of fore body usually 4.0 mm at most, except for |
6a |
6a | ♂: bifurcation of the apex of the ventral process of the aedeagus forming an angle of more than 30 degrees in lateral view ( |
|
– | ♂: bifurcation of the apex of the ventral process of the aedeagus forming an angle of less than 30 degrees in lateral view ( |
|
7 | Elytra black, without bluish or purple hue, 0.9–1.0 times as long as pronotum | 8 |
– | Elytra usually with, rarely without bluish or purple hue, 1.0–1.15 times as long as pronotum | 12 |
8 | ♂: sternite VIII with small posterior excision in asymmetric position, posterior margin with tooth-like projection on either side of excision; aedeagus approximately 1.5 mm long, ventral process very long, slender, and apically asymmetric. Widespread: Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guizhou | |
– | ♂: sternite VIII with deep posterior excision in symmetric position; aedeagus of different morphology | 9 |
9 | ♂: aedeagus 0.9–1.0 mm long, ventral process long, slender, apically acute, and very thin at base; sternite VIII with very broad and deep posterior excision, on either side of excision with dense pubescence. Central Sichuan: Qingcheng Shan | |
– | Male sexual characters different | 10 |
10 | ♂: sternite VII anteriorly with tubercle; sternite VIII oblong and with U-shaped posterior excision; aedeagus 1.2 mm long and with massive ventral process. Jiangxi | |
– | ♂: sternite VII without tubercle; posterior excision of sternite VIII of different shape; aedeagus longer, at least approximately 1.4 mm long | 11 |
11 | ♂: sternite VII with shallow posterior impression with pubescence; sternite VIII with moderately deep posterior excision and of characteristic chaetotaxy; aedeagus 1.4 mm long and with ventral process of distinctive shape. Northeastern Hubei, Zhejiang | |
– | ♂: sternite VII with more pronounced posterior impression without pubescence; posterior excision of sternite VIII much deeper, broader, and of subtrapezoid shape; aedeagus longer, 1.5 mm long, ventral process with two tooth-like projections ventrally. Southeastern Guizhou, Jiangxi | |
12 | Elytra with weak purple hue; posterior spots relatively small, defined, and of circular shape. Pronotum less oblong, approximately 1.2 times as long as broad. ♂: sternite VII moderately transverse and with moderately deep posterior excision; aedeagus 1.0 mm long, ventral process with dorsal carina and apically acute. Northern Yunnan | |
– | Elytra usually with bluish hue; posterior spots usually larger and/or of different shape or less defined. Pronotum more oblong, at least approximately 1.25 times as long as broad. ♂: sternite VII either with strongly modified short and black setae or without modified setae at all; sternite VIII and aedeagus of different shape | 13 |
13 | ♂: sternite VII with distinctly modified short and stout black setae; sternite VIII with deep U-shaped posterior excision; aedeagus approximately 1.2 mm long, ventral process of distinctive morphology. Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan | |
– | ♂: sternite VII without distinctly modified setae; sternite VIII with less deep and differently shaped posterior excision; aedeagus of different morphology | 14 |
14 | ♂: posterior excision of sternite VII small; aedeagus approximately 1.0 mm long. Widespread and common species: China, Taiwan, southern Japan | |
– | ♂: posterior excision of sternite VII larger and of broadly triangular shape; aedeagus of different shape. Species with more restricted distributions | 14a |
14a | ♂: aedeagus ventral process broader, evenly narrowed and acute apically in ventral view ( |
|
– | ♂: aedeagus ventral process of different shape in ventral view | 15 |
15 | ♂: aedeagus of somewhat variable shape and size, 1.3–1.5 mm long, ventral process very slender, apically acute, and weakly asymmetric; sternites VII and VIII as in |
|
– | ♂: aedeagus longer, 1.6–1.8 mm long, ventral process distinctly asymmetric and apically distinctly dilated (ventral view); sternites VII and VIII as in |
|
15a | Body reddish to reddish-brown; head posterior angles not marked, punctation fine and dense; eyes very small, one third as long as distance from posterior margin of eyes to neck; elytra 1.25 times as wide as pronotum. ♂: aedeagus 1.56 mm long, ventral process of distinctive morphology ( |
|
– | Male characters different | 16 |
(6 ♂♂, 1 ♀)
The known distribution is confined to the Daba Shan (
(2 ♂♂)
Body length 7.28–7.89 mm, length of fore body 3.89–4.0 mm. Habitus as in
Head weakly transverse (HW/HL = 1.10–1.11), widest across eyes; posterior angles broadly rounded; punctation dense and moderately coarse, sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices without microsculpture. Eyes large, more than half as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to neck in dorsal view. Antenna long and slender, 1.96–2.22 mm long.
Pronotum 1.24–1.30 times as long as broad, as wide as head (PW/HW = 1.0), lateral margins convex in dorsal view, punctation similar to that of head, but with impunctate midline, interstices glossy.
Elytra wider than pronotum and nearly as long as pronotum (EL/EW = 0.95–1.0, EW/PW = 1.15–1.3, EL/PL = 0.91–0.94); punctation coarse and dense, arranged in series; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings apparently present.
Abdomen broader than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.
The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: of a duck) refers to the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, which somewhat resembles the mouth of a duckbill.
This species is close to
The present species was sifted from wet moss near a cold stream (
(1 ♂)
The original description of
(2 ♂♂)
The original description of
(1 ♂)
Sichuan.
(47 ♂♂, 49 ♀♀)
The original description of
(10 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀)
Body length 4.61–5.95 mm, length of fore body 2.94–3.28 mm. Habitus as in
Head as long as broad or weakly oblong (HL/HW = 1.0–1.09); posterior angles marked; punctation coarse and dense, sparser in median dorsal portion, interstices without microsculpture. Eyes large, more than half as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to neck. Antenna slender, 1.54–1.78 mm long.
Pronotum slender, approximately as wide as head (PL/PW = 1.25–1.31, PW/HW = 0.96–1.0), lateral margins weakly convex in dorsal view; punctation dense and coarse, similar to that of head, median dorsal portion more sparsely punctate or impunctate; interstices without microsculpture and glossy.
Elytra longer and broader than pronotum (EL/EW = 1.09–1.15, EW/PW = 1.24–1.37, EL/PL = 1.11–1.14); humeral angles marked; punctation coarse and dense, interstices without microsculpture and glossy. Hind wings fully developed.
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly concave, without appreciable sexual dimorphism.
The specific epithet (adjective) is derived from the Diaoluo Shan where the type locality is situated.
This species is similar to
The present species was sifted from wet moss on stones alongside a reservoir (red circle in
(1 ♂, 2 ♀♀)
Body length 5.84–6.89 mm, length of fore body 3.34–3.61 mm. Habitus as in
Head weakly transverse (HW/HL = 1.02–1.09), widest at eyes, weakly tapering behind eyes; posterior angles rounded, not marked; punctation coarse and moderately dense, sparser in median dorsal portion and on frons; interstices without microsculpture. Eyes large, more than half the length of postocular region from posterior margin of eyes to neck in dorsal view. Antenna slender, 1.72–2.18 mm long.
Pronotum approximately as wide as head (PL/PW = 1.25–1.31, PW/HW = 0.96–1.10); lateral margins weakly convex in dorsal view; punctation dense and coarse, similar to that of head, but with impunctate midline; interstices without microsculpture and glossy.
Elytra broader than pronotum (EL/EW = 1.02–1.06, EW/PW = 1.21–1.39, EL/PL = 1.01–1.08); humeral angles marked; punctation coarse and dense. Hind wings apparently present.
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (
The species is named after the famous late poet Fu Du, who was born in Hubei.
This species is similar to
The type specimens were sifted from wet moss near a stream (
(6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀)
Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi.
(67 ♂♂, 84 ♀♀)
For illustrations of the female sexual characters see
Widespread species, recorded from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan.
(1 ♂)
Large species, body length 9.40 mm, length of fore body 4.20 mm. Habitus as in
Head longer than wide (HL/HW = 1.06), widest posteriorly; posterior angles weakly marked; punctation of dorsal surface fine and very dense; interstices without microsculpture. Eyes small, approximately one third the length of distance from posterior margin of eye to neck in dorsal view. Antenna long and slender, 2.50 mm long.
Pronotum slender (PL/PW = 1.28, PW/HW = 0.90), lateral margins almost straight and subparallel in dorsal view; punctation similar to that of head, but with impunctate midline.
Elytra longer than wide (EL/EW = 1.02, EW/PW = 1.25, EL/PL = 1.08); punctation coarse and dense, arranged in somewhat irregular series; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings apparently fully developed.
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.
The species is named after Runyu Li, collector of the holotype.
This species is readily distinguished from all its congeners by the following character combination: elytra without spot, whole body of brownish coloration; punctation of head fine and dense, eyes very small, one third as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to neck, male sexual characters highly distinctive.
The holotype was sifted in fern vegetation near a wet tree root (
(7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀)
Body length 6.34–7.34 mm, length of fore body 3.11–3.73 mm. Habitus as in
Head weakly transverse (HW/HL = 1.02–1.03); posterior angles not marked; punctation coarse and dense, sparser in median dorsal portion, interstices without microsculpture. Eyes large, more than half as long as the distance from posterior margin of eye to neck. Antenna slender, 1.68–1.82 mm long.
Pronotum nearly as wide as head (PL/PW = 1.13–1.33, PW/HW = 0.97–0.98), lateral margins weakly convex in dorsal view; punctation dense and coarse, similar to that of head, but with impunctate midline; interstices without microsculpture and glossy.
Elytra broader than pronotum (EL/EW = 1.0–1.06, EW/PW = 1.35–1.40, EL/PL = 0.98–1.12); humeral angles marked; punctation coarse and dense. Hind wings fully developed.
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (
The species is named after Zhong Peng, collector of the type specimens.
This species is similar to
The specimens were sifted from wet moss along a streamside (
(3 ♂♂)
Body length 5.78–6.34 mm, length of fore body 3.28–3.56 mm. Habitus as in
Head as wide as long (HW/HL = 0.96–1.03), widest at eyes; posterior angles broadly rounded; punctation dense and moderately coarse, sparser in median dorsal portion; interstices without microsculpture. Eyes large, more than half as long as the distance from posterior margin of eye to neck in dorsal view. Antenna slender, 1.72–1.95 mm long.
Pronotum slender (PL/PW = 1.25–1.41, PW/HW= 0.92–1.0), lateral margins weakly convex in dorsal view, with impunctate midline, punctation similar to that of head, but distinctly sparser, interstices glossy.
Elytra longer than broad (EL/EW = 1.0–1.02, EW/PW = 1.24–1.33, EL/PL = 1.0–1.05); punctation coarse and dense, arranged in irregular series; interstices without microsculpture. Hind wings fully developed.
Abdomen narrower than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII strongly convex in the middle.
The specific epithet refers to the famous late poet Yuan Qu, who was born in Yichang (Hubei), which is near the type locality.
This species is similar to
The specimens were sifted from wet moss near a stream (
(2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀)
Widespread, recorded from Hubei, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Shaanxi.
(1 ♂)
Beijing, Hubei, Shanxi.
(6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀)
Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guizhou.
(3 ♂♂, 1♀)
The original description of
(1 ♂)
Body length 5.94 mm, length of fore body 3.16 mm. Habitus as in
Head transverse (HW/HL = 1.14); posterior angles not marked; punctation coarse and dense, sparser in median dorsal portion, interstices without microsculpture. Eyes large, more than half as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to neck. Antenna slender, 1.92 mm long.
Pronotum moderately oblong, as wide as head (PL/PW = 1.18, PW/HW = 1.0); lateral margins subparallel in dorsal view; punctation dense and coarse, similar to that of head, but with impunctate midline; interstices without microsculpture and glossy.
Elytra longer than broad, broader than pronotum (EL/EW = 1.0, EW/PW = 1.29, EL/PL = 0.98); humeral angles marked; punctation coarse and dense. Hind wings fully developed.
Abdomen narrower than elytra; punctation fine and dense; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.
The specific epithet (Latin, hooked) refers to the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus.
This species can be separated from the externally similar
The holotype was sifted from wet moss alongside a river bank (
Map of collecting sites.
Habitat of new species.
We thank Volker Assing (Hannover, Germany) for reviewing this manuscript. Xiao-Yan Li (Beijing, China) provided information on additional species for this study. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31101659) and Shanghai Normal University (DZL125).