Corresponding author: David E. Ruiter (
Academic editor: Simon Vitecek
Ruiter DE, Mutch RA (2019)
The generic placement for the seven
Also, since
While the spotted wings, female three-part vulvar scale, and pronotal transverse groove of the larva currently place
Abdomens were removed, cleared in 10% potassium hydroxide, mounted in glycerin and examined/imaged with the use of Leica stereo and Olympus compound microscopes, Canon DSLR cameras and EOS image capture software. Subsequent images were processed with Zerene image stacking software and Photoshop Elements image editing software. All collected material is preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Barcoding was successful for
The
Adult (Fig.
Pronotal warts oval, wide, nearly touching mesally. Mesonotal macrosetae in linear row, basal warts located midlength, slightly merged but not fused into a single smooth oval wart; mesocutellar macro setae scattered linearly, less fused than mesonotal wart; most dorsal head and thoracic setae pale.
Forewings (in alcohol) reddish brown, finely irrorate; third radial vein and discoidal cell with a fairly long common boundary approximately equal to length of the first transverse vein; discoidal cell longer than its pedicel; all apical cells without pedicels. Anterior and posterior anastomosis nearly perpendicular to wing length, clearly located distad from posterior anastomosis. Hindwings brown, without irrorations; discoidal cell longer than its pedicel; all apical cells without pedicels. Anterior anastomosis perpendicular to wing length, clearly located distad from posterior anastomosis. Posterior anastomosis strongly oblique to wing margin. Most setae on wing membrane recumbent.
Legs long and thin, tarsi long with basal segment more than 0.5 length of mesotibia, Apical tarsal segments without ventral spines. Spines on legs black, spurs golden, spur count 1-2-4.
Male genitalia (Figs
Female genitalia (Figs
Larva (Figs
Prothorax rust colored (in alcohol) like head; setae scattered, without distinct setal areas; in lateral view, slight transverse indentation approximately midlength; posterior margin thick and dark, with deep, preceding furrow; ventrally with a single, wide, short, prosternite between legs. Mesothorax paler than prothorax; setal areas nearly merged; posterior black margin extending along lateral margin nearly to anterior margin; ventral area with a linear row of small, dark, mesosclerites along each side of posterior margin. Dorsal metanotal setal areas on distinct sclerites, without additional setae on metonotal membrane. Ventrally, mesosternite with very pale linear row of small sclerites along each side of posterior margin, may be difficult to see, appearing as a row of indentations. Legs typical limnephiloid form with short, stout proleg and hind leg the longest. Meso and metafemur with two, long, dark setae ventrally and a row of very small, fine spinelike setae along entire ventral setal margin. Anterior face of meso and metafemur with numerous accessory setae; posterior face usually with one or two accessory setae.
First abdominal segment with numerous long setae anterior of dorsal spacing hump; lateral spacing hump with several small sclerites on dorsal margin and one larger sclerite along posterior margin; ventrally with numerous long setae and a pair of posterior setal warts on mature larvae. Chloride epithelia present ventromesally, much wider than long (
Ninth tergite with 3–4 pairs of long setae and several additional shorter setae. Lateral sclerite of anal proleg without short, stout, pale setae. Anal claw with single dorsal accessory hook.
Pupal case of final instar slightly curved, non-tapered, wood and mineral, or all mineral construction. The limited larval material available indicates the earlier instars may build vegetation cases.
The male of
The female of
The lateral setal fringe of
Head to wingtip length: male 19–21 mm (n = 5); female 19–21 mm (n = 5).
Male genitalia (Fig.
Allotype female genitalia (Fig.
WA: Whatcom County, stream near Heather Meadow Information Center on Artist Point Road, D.W. Blinn, 28 July 2009, blacklight trap, 2M; stream on Fire and Ice Trail, near top of Mt. Baker Highway,
Male genitalia (Fig.
Holotype male - Canadian National Collection Type # 10,588, Alpine Meadows, east of Mt. Edith Cavell, Jasper National Park, Alberta, habitat: Mountain Tarn, A. P. Nimmo, 10–12am, 4 July 1975; Alberta, Willmore Wilderness,
Head to wingtip length: male - 18–19 mm (n = 8); female - 18–20 mm (n = 3). General description of adults, pupa, and larva contained in genus description above.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Allotype female genitalia (Fig.
Holotype male: Canadian National Collection # 151765, Rowe Brook, near Lower Rowe Lake, 6350’, Waterton National Park, Alberta, 12 June 1975, D.B. Donald [near
Like
Adults of the three species of
A detailed life history is known only for
The flight periods of
Final instar larvae of
1 | In lateral view pronotum distinctly inflated at midlength ( |
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‒ | In lateral view pronotum not inflated, with transverse furrow in anterior half ( |
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2 | Large flattened scale-hairs along anterior margin of pronotum ( |
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‒ | Pronotal scale hairs absent, margins of head pebbled, without carina, ( |
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3 | Metanotal setal area 1 & setal area 2 sclerites large in relation to metanotum, distance between setal area 2 sclerites less than 3 times width of one setal area 2 sclerite, usually much less ( |
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‒ | Metanotal sclerites small, distance between setal area 2 sclerites greater than 3 times width of setal area 2 sclerite ( |
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4 | Abdominal lateral lamellae absent ( |
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‒ | Abdominal lateral lamellae present ( |
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5 | Lateral line gills absent ( |
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‒ | Lateral line gills present ( |
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6 | Setae present on metatergal membrane between setal area 2 sclerites ( |
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‒ | Setae absent on metatergal membrane between setal area 2 sclerites ( |
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7 | Strong, pale, spines absent on anal proleg sclerite ( |
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‒ | Pale spines present on anal proleg sclerite ( |
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8 | Dorsal and ventral lateral gills present ( |
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‒ | Only ventral lateral gills present ( |
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9 | Meso and metafemora with numerous major ventral setae, stout, pale spines absent on 9th tergal sclerite ( |
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‒ | Meso and metafemora with only two major ventral setae, stout, pale spines present on 9th tergal sclerite ( |
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10 | Basal segment of hind trochanter with more than 1 seta along the ventral surface (image 11A this paper) |
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‒ | Basal segment of hind trochanter with only 1 seta on ventral margin, located at distal margin near suture (image 11B this paper) |
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11 | Setae between metanotal setal area 2 sclerites in a straight line near posterior margin of segment ( |
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‒ | Setae scattered near middle of metanotal segment between setal area 2 sclerites ( |
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12 | Lateral hump of abdominal segment 1 without sclerites near base of hump ( |
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‒ | Lateral hump of abdominal segment 1 with sclerites near base of hump ( |
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13 | Head and pronotum covered with small spines ( |
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‒ | Head and pronotum without small spines ( |
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14 | Abdominal lateral spacing hump with several small sclerites variously positioned near base ( |
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‒ | Lateral spacing hump with a single, large sclerite along posterior margin ( |
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15 | Mesonotal setal area 1 sclerites fused mesally ( |
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‒ | Mesonotal setal area 1 distinctly separated ( |
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Mesothoracic trochanter. Larvae
The Boyer type locality is questionable as Hood Craven Cabin is not at Boyer. By 1933, Boyer, Oregon, had been relocated from the original locality in Lincoln County to its current location along Highway 18 (
It is fascinating that this long, convoluted taxonomic history resulting in the placement of
Subsequent authors (
During his studies on litter processing and insect life history within a small Alberta stream,
It was not until the
Foremost, we want to recognize Norm Anderson (recently deceased) for his diligence in storing Bob Mutch’s thesis and ultimately passing it on to Dave Ruiter. This brought the authors together to focus on a mutual effort. Much additional
† The larvae of Chilostigmodes remain un-described although it is expected to have single filament gill clusters. Chilostigmodes records occur throughout northern North America from Alaska to Newfoundland.