Type material comparison of possible cryptic species of the genus Electrogena (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in Central Europe

Abstract The genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985 is a diverse mayfly group in the Western Palaearctic with a partially unclear taxonomy, even in well-examined areas such as Central Europe. Recently, one of the species belonging to this genus, Electrogenaujhelyii (Sowa, 1981), was identified as a complex of genetically and geographically separated species. Two other species, Electrogenasamalorum (Landa, 1982) and Electrogenarivuscellana Sartori & Landolt, 1991 were formerly stated as junior synonyms of the earlier species. The fact that the synonymy of E.samalorum and E.ujhelyii was stated without comparison of any larval or adult material and both species reportedly have different altitude preferences makes the taxonomical position of E.samalorum (and possibly E.rivuscellana) questionable. Among others, a comparison of type series is one of the first methods that should be used to clarify the taxonomical position of closely related taxa. The present study aims to comparatively examine the type material and topotypes of E.ujhelyii and its presumed junior synonym E.samalorum for the first time in detail. Additionally, some notes on the status of the geographically extralimital E.rivuscellana are discussed briefly. We noted a significant similarity of all studied material from both the larval and imaginal stages, and suggest considering both junior synonyms (E.samalorum and E.rivuscellana) as species inquirendae.


Introduction
Despite a long history of research on European mayfly taxonomy and ecology, there are still several groups of taxa with unresolved and unclear taxonomy. One of those groups is the genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985. The first described species of this genus was Electrogena lateralis (Curtis, 1834), and the last described European species of this genus thus far is Electrogena brulini Wagner, 2017. The latter species was delimited from the closely related species Electrogena gridellii (Grandi, 1953) using mitochondrial gene sequence analyses. This illustrates the possible existence of closely related undistinguished species within this genus even in a well-examined area. In Central Europe, we identified a similar situation with two species recently considered to be synonyms, Electrogena ujhelyii (Sowa, 1981) and Electrogena samalorum (Landa, 1982) as a junior synonym of the former species (Zurwerra and Tomka 1986).
The species Electrogena ujhelyii was reported for the first time as "Ecdyonurus subalpinus Klp." by Sándor Ujhelyi based on larval material collected in August 1957and 1958(Ujhelyi 1966 from Aszófö, a small tributary stream that empties into Lake Balaton. Later (in August 1975 and1976), S. Ujhelyi collected additional larval and imaginal material, which was passed to Ryszard Sowa (Kraków, Poland) for a study. The species E. ujhelyii was described based on that material and was originally attributed by Sowa (1981: 375) to the lateralis species group of the genus Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1868. Landa (1969: 193) indicated E. samalorum for the first time in Czechoslovakia in a monograph as Electrogena lateralis (Curtis, 1834) [orig. Heptagenia lateralis]. Vladimír Landa collected larvae in 1963 in the Poprad River in the town Podolínec, Slovakia. Later, V. Landa and Tomáš Soldán collected other material for E. samalorum in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (including type material from Podhorodský Stream in the village of Podhoroď, Slovakia). Finally, based on the material listed above E. samalorum was described as a new species for former Czechoslovakia (Landa and Soldán 1982).
A few years later, Zurwerra and Tomka (1986) established the synonymy of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum with reference to personal communications with Dietrich Braasch (Potsdam, Germany) without any other details or comments. During our personal contact (RJG, October 2008) with D. Braasch, he reported that the conclusion on the synonymy of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum was made by him based on an analysis of his own larval collection of E. ujhelyii from Germany in 1982 (the territory of the former German Democratic Republic), which in his opinion, corresponded to the description of both species at once (see also Braasch and Jacob 1984: 81-82). Later, Kluge (2004) and Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012) supported the synonymy. However, this was also determined without any details or argument. Nevertheless, in several other works (e.g. Landa and Soldán 1989;Deván 1989;Kłonowska-Olejnik 2003), E. samalorum has been indicated as a separate species, although its larvae (e.g. in Deván 1993) were compared with larvae of the species E. lateralis, but not of E. ujhelyii. In addition to the absence of a detailed material comparison, there is another detail that brings into question the synonymy of both species. Landa and Soldán (1982) stated that E. samalorum lives only in highlands, while Sowa (1981) reported lowland occurrences of E. ujhelyii (in the vicinity of Lake Balaton, approx. 150 m a.s.l.).
In addition to the synonymy of the two species discussed above, Belfiore and Desio (1995) proposed a synonymy between E. ujhelyii and E. rivuscellana Sartori & Landolt, 1991 based on a comparison of larval material from Austria, Italy (E. ujhelyii) and Switzerland (one paratype of E. rivuscellana). After analysing the set of 16 numerical characters, the authors noticed a considerable overlap of the main diagnostic qualitative and quantitative characters in mouthparts, gills, legs and femoral setation, most of which were not considered in the original description of E. rivuscellana (Landolt et al., 1991).
Most recent results on the genetic diversity of Central European representatives of the genus Electrogena show that specimens identified as E. ujhelyii belong to a complex of two morphologically indistinguishable but geographically separated species (Polášek et al. 2018). Moreover, the distribution areas of both cryptic species indicate that one of those indistinguishable species might belong to the former E. samalorum, while the other species can be assigned to E. ujhelyii sensu stricto due to the availability of collected topotypic material. The material from the type locality of E. samalorum (Podhoroď, Slovakia) was unfortunately not available, the only species found in the adjacent region belong to E. lateralis.
In this work, a revision and comparison of type material for both problematic Central European species was conducted for the first time, and we discuss possible larval and adult characters to distinguish between the species. Furthermore, some notes on the status of the extralimital E. rivuscellana are discussed briefly.

Type material
Type series of Electrogena ujhelyii (Sowa, 1981) The original description of the species E. ujhelyii is based on a male imago (holotype), four other male imagines, eight female imagines and seven mature larvae (all paratypes). All of the type material originated from the environs of the village of Tihany (Hungary) on the Aszófö stream and was first kept at the Department of Hydrobiology (Jagiellonian University, Poland) (Sowa 1981). In 1997, R. Sowa's collection was transferred to the Musée Cantonal de Zoologie Lausanne (Switzerland). Finally, this material was provided at our disposal on a long-term loan in April 2012, and is provisionally housed at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
At present, the available type material on E. ujhelyii includes only five specimens preserved in alcohol.
Holotype label was prepared by Małgorzata Kłonowska-Olejnik (Kraków, Poland) in the 1990s; labels of paratypes were written by R Sowa and S Ujhelyi. Hitherto, any slides of other specimens of the type series or their parts were not preserved. Besides the original type material collected by S. Ujhelyi, we collected and analysed topotypic material from the Aszófőii-séd brook near Aszófő (GPS loc.: 46°56.0648'N, 17°49.8379'E) sampled on July 12, 2012. Altogether, we used seven mature larvae for subsequent analyses and comparisons. (Landa, 1982) The description of the species E. samalorum is based on imaginal and larval material, which was collected in the basins of the Elbe and Vistula Rivers. With the exception of the holotype (male imago reared from larva), female imago and two larvae, which have their localities, date of collection, and the name of collector clearly labelled, the collection data and other details for the other 13 larvae and three male imagines are indicated but not specified, which would be helpful for identification of the type material. Hence, when analysing the present volume of the type series of E. samalorum, we used the information from publications, original labels and the personal comments of T. Soldán. The type specimens, designated as E. samalorum, are preserved in alcohol and partly mounted on slides. Among the materials indicated as types of E. samalorum, we found two male imagines without genitalia in alcohol, labelled as "Brook-Valeč-Doupov North Bohemia-12.7.1956". Marked locality and collection data correspond to that belonging to the paratype of female imago E. samalorum (see Landa and Soldán 1982: 34).

Type series of Electrogena samalorum
The identification of two males listed above has shown that one of them undoubtedly belongs to the type series E. samalorum based on the colouration of body, the colour pattern of lateral sides of abdominal terga II-VIII as described by Landa and Soldán (1982) and the structure of genitalia mounted on slide (see below). Another male imago probably belongs to the subgenus Helvetoraeticus of the genus Ecdyonurus according to the presence of the characteristic L-shape markings on the lateral sides of abdominal terga II-VIII, which is poorly visible due to the long-term preservation. It is possible that in this case we deal with the species Ecdyonurus subalpinus (Klapálek, 1907), mentioned by Landa (1969: 220) from Valeč village.
Together with the material in alcohol in the collection of the Institute of Entomology (Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences), the slide with genitalia of two E. samalorum males, was found and mounted as a single slide and labelled by M Kłonowska-Olejnik during her stay at the Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Science in 2002. One of two genitalia belongs to the paratype of the male imago, discussed above, and is labelled as: "Electrogena samalorum, Valeč brook, West Bohemia, 12.07.1956, ♂ im paratype, leg. V. Landa (preparat zewnętrzny) [external slide]" ( Fig. 3A-C). The second male genitalia belong to the specimen of E. samalorum, and is labelled as: "E. samalorum Výrovka, Kostomlaty, 29.07.1961, ♂ im leg. V. Landa (preparat wewnętrzny) [internal slide]" (Fig. 3D, E). A complete specimen of this male has not been found and is probably lost; this specimen was not a part of type series.
In addition to the E. samalorum holotype and 19 paratypes indicated in the original description, hitherto, 13 paratypes have been preserved, of which three larval paratypes originated from the type locality. The holotype of the species has not been found, and is probably lost.

Material processing
The line drawings of the morphological structures of the specimens belonging to the type series of Central European species were made using a Zeiss Axoiplan and Olympus BX41 microscopes, both equipped with a drawing attachment (camera lucida). The material was observed with a Leica M205 C binocular stereomicroscope; the eggs structure was investigated using phase-contrast microscope Di-Li 2026-P with 16 MP digital camera. Photographs of types were taken using a Leica Z16 APO microscope and processed with the Leica Application Suite™ Version 3.1.8 to obtain combined photographs with a suitable depth of field at the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Photographs were subsequently enhanced with Adobe Photoshop™ CS3.
The numerical morphological characters defined by Carlo Belfiore for Electrogena species identification (Belfiore 1996(Belfiore , 1997 have been measured and minimum, maximum and mean value of each character was used for both species comparison. The preservation of available material did not allow to measure all defined characters; the characters based on number of fine setae or fragile body parts were thus omitted. The following characters were measured: N_CBS number of comb-shaped bristles on fore margin of galea-lacinia; N_CLW number of teeth on pretarsal claws; N_BVF number of bristles on ventral side of femora near hind margin; R_LBR total width of labrum divided by mean width of lateral lobes of labrum; R_GLA relative distance between glossae (outer distance divided by inner distance between glossae); R_GLB relative width of glossae (outer distance divided by width of glossae); R_1GI relative width of 1 st gill plate; R_4GI relative width of 4 th gill plate; R_7GI relative width of 7 th gill plate.

Male imagines Figs 1-3
Body colouration. The natural colour pattern is poorly preserved, especially in the paratype of the male imago of E. samalorum. Most changes were caused by long-term storage in alcohols of different concentrations and qualities. In the holotype and paratypes of E. ujhelyii, the general colour of the body is pale, dirty yellow, yellowish-brown to brown. The body colour of the preserved paratype of E. samalorum is distinctly darker than in all of the E. ujhelyii adult type specimens, with a brown to dark brown head and thorax and brown abdominal segments. Such a difference in coloration may be the result of inter-population variability. Besides, the lack of new topotype material on adult specimens of both species at our disposal makes it impossible to define the limit between inter-and intraspecific variability in colour pattern.
Head. In E. ujhelyii the head is light brown without conspicuous maculation; compound eyes widely separated, the sclerite joining the compound eyes weakly rounded, forming a wide U (Fig. 1B) (the same for E. samalorum based on the study of type material); compound eyes bluish-grey to whitish-grey apically, and blackish towards the base, without distinct rings laterally (Fig. 1A, C) (in E. samalorum: bicoloured laterally, with light dirty brown upper 2/3, and blackish grey lower 1/3 of eyes height [eyes whitish gray, dorsal surface darker without rings: original description of E. samalorum]).
Thorax. In E. ujhelyii the thorax is slightly darker than other body parts, with distinct contrast maculation dorsally and laterally ( Fig. 1A-C) ["with slight violet pigmentation": original description of E. ujhelyii]: pronotum with a pair of triangular light brown spots laterally; mesonotum with brown median longitudinal, mesonotal and lateroparapsidal sutures; anterior part of the anteronotal protuberance of the mesonotum, area between the antelateroparapsidal suture and the sublateroscutum, and scutoscutellar impression (area between posterior scutal protuberances) with brown markings; metanotum uniformly light dirty brown (all terminology based on Kluge 2004). Lateral and ventral sides of thorax light dirty brown, with brown anterior paracoxal suture. In E. samalorum the orientation of markings is the same as in E. ujhelyii holotype and paratypes, but the general coloration of thoracic structures is distinctly darker, with marked brown sutures and respective maculation ["thorax dark brown": Landa and Soldán (1982)].  (Sowa, 1981), male imago, holotype: A body, left lateral view B head and thorax, dorsal view C head and thorax, left lateral view.
Legs. The forelegs of E. ujhelyii distinctly darker than the middle and hind legs (Fig. 1A); forefemur and foretibia intensely brown, markedly dark brown apically (the same in original description of E. samalorum); middle and hind legs uniformly whitish-yellow, transversal band on middle and hind femora not preserved (diffuse unclear macula in paratype of E. samalorum; the same in original description of E. ujhelyii).
Wings of E. ujhelyii translucent, pterostigmatic area dirty milky or yellowish coloured; longitudinal and transversal veins yellowish (the same in male paratype of

E. samalorum). The characters of the veins' colouration are different in both the original descriptions and preserved types, probably due to long-term storage in alcohol.
Abdominal segments. E. ujhelyii: light yellow to dirty yellowish-brown, segments (I) II-VI translucent or not transparent; traces of preserved dirty violet maculation relatively visible on abdominal terga II-VIII (poorly visible in holotype, more distinct in both paratypes); the pattern of abdominal terga similar to those described and figured by Sowa (1981: 376-377, fig. 1) and Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 299), but differs from the colour pattern figured by Haybach (2005: 42-43, fig. 5), with a dirty violet spot basolaterally near the anterior and posterior margins of the segments (the spot near the posterior margin of segments poorly visible). The sterna are uniformly yellowish brown; the ganglionic chain is not visible.
In the male paratype of E. samalorum the pattern of the abdominal terga poorly visible, but nevertheless corresponds with the original description (Landa and Soldán 1982: 32): a pair of elongated brown strokes (occasionally fused together on terga II, IV, and VI) near anterolateral margin of segments.
Genitalia. E. ujhelyii ( Fig. 2A-D): The base of the forceps with small asymmetrical apically rounded projections laterally, broadly convex in the middle; the forceps yellowish-brown to brown, and paler distally ( Fig. 2A, C); the penis lobes stout and divergent apically with relatively wide interspace, U or V shaped; the lobes widely rounded apically or slightly truncate along the outer margin [the similar shape of lobes is depicted by Sowa 1981: 376, fig. 2; Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012: 594, fig. 188], the lobes moderately expanded laterally; both ventral folds of the lobes well developed (Fig. 2B, D); a few small pointed setae occur basodorsally (the same as in the original description of E. ujhelyii). The titillators relatively broad, slightly asymmetrical, bluntly pointed at the tip, straight basally and strongly bent apically (ventral edge sinuous).
The structure of forceps base and penis lobes of the male paratype of E. samalorum completely corresponds with the original description (Fig. 3A, B, D, E; see also figs 2-4 in Landa and Soldán 1982: 33). The male genitalia of the specimen collected 29.vii.1961 generally with similar structure of penis lobes. However the lobes are closely touching, without deep interspace (Fig. 2D, E; the same shape of penis lobes is depicted for E. ujhelyii by Landolt et al. 1991: 467, fig. 8).

Female imago
Only a single specimen of the female paratype of E. ujhelyii has been preserved hitherto. The preserved colour of the body is similar to those in male specimens. Compound eyes uniformly black, with thin brownish edging. The shape of subgenital and subanal plates corresponds to those described and figured by Sowa (1981: 377, fig. 3) and Haybach (2005: 42-43, fig. 2a, b). A single female paratype of E. samalorum has most probably been lost.  (Landa, 1982), male imago, paratype I (A-C), 12.vii.1956; male imago, not type (D, E), 29.vii.1961: A male terminalia, dorsal view B penis lobes, ventral view C label on microslide D penis lobes, dorsal view E penis lobes, ventral view.

Eggs
The structure of eggs is described and figured in details for E. ujhelyii by Sowa (1981: 377), Haybach (2005: 42-43, fig. 8) and Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 300, 631, fig. 188), and for E. samalorum by Landa and Soldán (1982: 32, 37, pl . 1, figs 1-4). We have studied egg chorion structure in the species E. ujhelyii, based on the material prepared from a single preserved female paratype. The result of our observations completely corresponds with the information published previously for both species.

Mature larva Figs 4, 5
Body colouration. Like in adult specimens of the type series of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum, the cuticular colouration of the studied paratypes of the larvae was also poorly preserved. Nevertheless, some aspects of colour pattern, which are important for identification and comparison of the taxa, are visible enough. The general colouration of the body in larvae of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum is yellowish-brown to brown; a variable colour pattern is more or less preserved on the thorax, legs and abdomen.
Head of E. ujhelyii (paratype and topotypes) with broadly rounded anterior margin, the broadest part near to anterior end of eyes (Figs. 4A, B); in E. samalorum the head capsule of similar shape, or the posterior margin occasionally truncated (Fig. 4C). The head colour of E. ujhelyii uniformly light brown to brown, without visible spots (the same in Landa and Soldán 1982;Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012), occasionally two small yellowish spots between the eyes and the lateral ocelli. In larval paratypes of E. samalorum the same head colour is observed; occasionally additional yellow spot between the base of the antennae and two smaller spots on both sides of the central ocellus. The labrum in E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum are shaped differently, slightly bent backwards or rather straight (Fig. 4D, E;Sowa 1981, fig. 4;Landa and Soldán 1982, fig. 8); a row of a relatively stout bluntly pointed setae available on the ventral side of the labrum (Fig. 4G).
Thoracic colour pattern is variable in both species, but generally corresponds to those in the original descriptions. Generally, the pronotum with two elongated transversal whitish spots near the anterior margin; the lateral sides of the pronotum regularly rounded, slightly stretched laterally with two yellowish strokes along the outer margin (Fig. 4B). The mesonotum with several elongated whitish-yellow markings of variable shape, and two diffuse spots near the wing pad bases in E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum.

Figure 5. Electrogena samalorum
Abdominal segments of both species with two pairs of diffuse yellow to light brown spots on a brown background on terga (I) II-VII (a pair of smaller spots close to the anterior margin of the segment centrally; a second pair of spots near the posterior margin of the segment laterally); tergite VIII occasionally with a large diffuse light spot centrally; tergite IX with a diffuse U-shaped light spot centrally; tergum X with elongated yellow spots centrally and smaller spots laterally (generally the same colour pattern was described for E. samalorum by Landa and Soldán 1982). Some differences occur between the observed shapes of the 1 st and 7 th gill plates in paratypes and topotypes of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum, and drawings in the original descriptions are noted (see Fig.  5C, D, E). Nevertheless, in all materials studied, the 7 th gill abruptly tapers in its distal third. Additionally, Landa and Soldán (1982: fig. 12) depicted a row of broad nearly triangular or rectangular jagged teeth apically along the posterior margin of the abdominal terga. All observed specimens can be characterised by the presence of a mainly regular row of stout triangular teeth, alternating with a group of 1-3 smaller teeth (Fig. 5F).

Numerical characters
The comparison of minimum, mean and maximum of selected numerical characters is presented in Tab. 1. We did not find any reliable character for delimitation of both studied species using the defined set of numerical characters. The range of all characters strongly overlapped, usually with values of those for E. samalorum within the range of E. ujhelyii. The only character with apparent difference between both species was R_LBR (total width of labrum divided by mean width of lateral lobes of labrum). Nevertheless the preservation of type material (namely of E. samalorum) and thus the number of measurements of this character did not allow the statistical evaluation.

Discussion
In our comparison of the E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum type material and our attempt to reliably decide the taxonomical position of both species we encountered many obstacles. In contrast to the well-preserved type material and available topotypic material of E. ujhelyii, there are only sparse specimens of type material of E. samalorum. Notably, the holotype of E. samalorum is missing and part of remaining material is heavily damaged. In addition, we were unsuccessful at collecting topotypic material in eastern Slovakia. Using a unified set of numerical larval characters suggested by Belfiore (1996Belfiore ( , 1997 has turned out to be impractical for the separation of these taxa. The preservation and number of type materials did not allow us to compare both taxa with sufficient credibility. The only character which differed between both species was R_LBR. However, this character is highly variable, the value of this character for E. ujhelyii varies from 3.7 to 5.9 (see Supplement in Polášek et al. 2018). For this reason, we considered this difference as a random result of insufficient number of measurements. Thus, we have failed to find any substantial differences between the type material of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum for all stages investigated. Only a few peculiarities in body coloration of E. samalorum in comparison with E. ujhelyii have been noted. In males (i) the body is markedly darker; (ii) the compound eyes have a relatively distinct border between the paler top and the darker base; (iii) the abdominal terga have brown strokes near the anterolateral margin of the segments only. In larva (iv) the head occasionally has two additional pairs of small spots on frons and vertex. However, we can assume that some of these differences may be related to the material storage mode during the past 35 years. As a consequence, the additional information for the delimitation of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum based on the characters of colour pattern, which was recently discussed and successfully used by Wagner et al. (2017), was inaccessible to us. Moreover, these small differences between E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum might be a result of intraspecific variability of E. ujhelyii, as was mentioned by Sowa (1981) in the original description. On the other hand, recent research on the genetic diversity of Central European Electrogena species indicates that specimens identified as E. ujhelyii actually belong to two geographically distinct species (Polášek et al. 2018).
The status of E. rivuscellana, described for the first time from Switzerland (Landolt et al. 1991) can also be considered as problematic. The synonymy was stated by Belfiore and Desio (1995) by examination of only one larval skin, probably the paratype using Carlo Belfiores' system of numerical characters. However, limited usability of this system for closely related species delimitation has been proven in Polášek et al. (2018). Moreover, there are some differences in published larval and adult morphological characters which could make the recent synonymy questionable. In contrast to the types of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum, the genitalia of E. rivuscellana is described as follows: (i) the penis lobes are visibly stretched laterally, with a relatively obtuse outer margin and posterolaterally the constriction of lobes is marked by a notch (giving the impression of small hump under the lobes); (ii) the forceps base has lateral protuberances which rise above the central convexity; and (iii) the titillators are comma-shaped, short and broadly rounded from both sides (see Landolt et al. 1991: figs 4, 5, 18-20, 22;Malzacher 1996: 84, figs 2, 5a, c, d). The larvae differ in the following details: different shape of the first gill plate (widest in the distal part in E. rivuscellana and in the proximal part in E. ujhelyii, see Landolt et al. 1991: fig 14;Sowa 1981: fig 7), different shape of the 4 th gill plate (more quadrancular in E. rivuscellana, see Landolt et al. 1991: fig 15;Sowa 1981: fig 8) and slightly different body coloration in E. ujhelyii (violet spots on abdominal segments, violet ganglia, Sowa 1981). Despite two recent studies on genetic diversity of Electrogena species including E. ujhelyii (Wagner et al. 2017;Yanai et al. 2017), no data about Swiss populations of E. ujhelyii (and therefore possibly E. rivuscellana) have been published thus far except one analysed specimen of E. ujhelyii s. str. in Polášek et al. 2018, and could therefore be a possible case of cryptic diversity too.

Conclusions
We noted a remarkable similarity of all studied material from both larval and imaginal stages of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum. However, due to the considerable damage of studied material and some noted differences between E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum type material, we cannot presently confirm their synonymy which was previously established without comparison of any material. Moreover, the recently revealed cryptic intrageneric diversity and existence of (at least) two morphologically nearly identical species with geographical distribution overlapping with type localities of E. ujhelyii and E. samalorum makes their synonymy even more doubtful. For similar reasons, the taxonomical position (suggested synonymy) of E. rivuscellana can be also considered as problematic. We found some significant differences in E. ujhelyii and E. rivuscellana larval and adult morphology based partially on comparison of drawings and descriptions in available literature. Additionally, the synonymy has been established using Carlo Belfiores' system of numerical characters which using must be considered carefully due to the limitations revealed in our last publication (Polášek et al. 2018). Given these uncertainties, it would be imprudent to assume synonymy of these species and we suggest that both species (E. samalorum and E. rivuscellana) be considered not as junior synonyms, but as species inquirendae.