Diagrams of the mouthparts of adult horned beetles. A from an oblique anterior side of a Trypoxylus dichotomus male B from an oblique anterior side of a T. dichotomus female; names of mouthparts were omitted C View from an oblique ventral side of T. dichotomus male D diagram of two types of adult mandible tips; left, the tip of the left mandible of a T. dichotomus male from the left side; this tip does not branch off; right, the tip of a left mandible of a Dynastes hercules male from the left side; this tip branches off and is forked.

 
 
  Part of: Ichiishi W, Shimada S, Motobayashi T, Abe H (2019) Completely engaged three-dimensional mandibular gear-like structures in the adult horned beetles: reconsideration of bark-carving behaviors (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). ZooKeys 813: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.29236