Glaresishespericula sp. n. from the Cape Verde Islands (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Glaresidae)

Abstract Glaresishespericulasp. n. from the Cape Verde Islands (Boa Vista Island) is described and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. The new species is compared with similar and probably closely related species Glaresiswalzlae Scholtz, 1983. The differential diagnosis is mainly based on the different shape of meso- and metatibiae.


Introduction
The scarabaeoid family Glaresidae includes only the single genus Glaresis Erichson, 1848 widespread in all zoogeographical regions except Australia and Antarctica. The genus comprises more than eight dozen of described species of small, uniformly looking beetles that usually prefer sandy, often arid habitats. Adults are active in the evening, often attracted by light sources. The immature stages and biology of this hidden living group are not yet known (e.g., Scholtz and Grebennikov 2016). In a phylogenetical analysis based on morphology, Glaresis was placed as the sister taxon of the remaining Scarabaeoidea (Browne and Scholtz 1999). Fossil records of seven mesozoic glaresids are classified in three genera (Cretoglaresis Nikolajev, 2007;Glaresis and Lithoglaresis Nikolajev, 2007) (Bai et al. 2014). Currently 82 extant species are assigned to the genus Glaresis (Král and Bezděk 2016;Gordon and Hanley 2014;Král and Batelka 2017;Paulsen 2016;Zidek 2015).
The Afrotropical fauna of the family Glaresidae is inadequately known. Only 19 species have been formally described from this region (see e.g., Scholtz 1982Scholtz , 1983Zidek 2015) and the only two comprehensive works (Petrovitz 1968;Scholtz 1983) have been published in the last century.
Recently collected Glaresis material from the Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde Archipelago, revealed another, undescribed species whose formal description we present below.

Materials and methods
Specimens were examined with an Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope, measurements were taken with an ocular grid. The habitus photographs were taken using a Canon MP-E 65mm/2.8 1-5× Macro lens attached to a Canon EOS 550D camera. Partially focused images of each specimen were combined using Zerene stacker software. Male genitalia images were taken with a Provis AX70 (Olympus) microscope with digital image processing capability using Micro Image (Olympus) software.
Specimens of the newly described species are provided with one printed red label: "Glaresis | hespericula sp. nov. | HOLOTYPUS ♂ [or] PARATYPUS ♀ | David Král & Lucie Hrůzová 2018". Both type specimens are deposited in the National Museum Praha, Czech Republic.
Exact label data are cited for the type material examined. Lines within each label are separated by a single vertical bar "|". Information in quotation marks indicates the original spelling. Our remarks and additional comments are placed in brackets.
Legs. Posterior-superior margin of metafemora with blunt, broadly triangular teeth, anterior-superior margin of metafemora with a row of long macrosetae (Figs 9-10). Protibia distinctly tridentate (Figs 1, 2). Mesotibia (Figs 7, 8) long, nearly straight, with prominent median projection situated approximately in middle of length of mesotibia, distal part of outer edge broadly, shallowly emarginate, bearing nine short, stout spines; basal external tooth of mesotibia slightly emarginate basally. Metatibia (Figs 9, 10) broadly triangular, outer margin irregularly serrate, with faint median projection and faint median ridge, strongly macrosetaceous; row of four spine-bearing tubercles extending from base to apex medially; inner margin smooth, macrosetaceous; apex of metatibia with outer horseshoe shaped portion sub-equal than inner spur-bearing portion; inner margin of the horseshoe portion with a row of contiguous short macrosetae.
Sexual dimorphism and variability. Female paratype differs from male by body indistinctly broader posteriad ( Figure 2) and by row of ten spines on outer edge of distal part of mesotibia.
Collecting events. The material was collected on sand dunes using a light trap approximately between 7-9 p.m., the temperature was around 24 °C and two days before it rained very strongly.
Etymology. Hespericula means a small, yet juvenile hesperid; noun in apposition. Distribution. So far known only from the Boa Vista Island, the Cape Verde Islands.

Discussion
Cape Verde Archipelago is classified together with other volcanic archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Salvagens Islands and Canary Islands) and a thin strip of the Atlantic coast in southern Portugal, Morocco and the Western Sahara as the Macaronesian biogeographic subregion ( e.g., Oromí 2004). Although Cape Verde harbours a high proportion of Afrotropical species, aside from its numerous endemic taxa, its insect fauna is poor both in endemic forms and in total number of species. Their fauna is considered unique and in some aspects deserves protection (e.g., Arechavaleta et al. 2005;Batelka and Straka 2011). Fauna of Coleoptera of the individual archipelagos and islands were treated as follows: Azores (Borges et al. 2005), Madeira and related islands (Borges et al. 2008), the Salvagens Islands (Erber and Wheater 1987), the Canary Islands (Machado and Oromí 2000) and the Cape Verde Archipelago . No Glaresidae have been reported from these islands and archipelagos so far. Hence, the newly described species represents the first record of the family Glaresidae from the volcanic islands west of Africa.