Corresponding author: Viatcheslav Ivanenko (
Academic editor: D. Defaye
Conradi M, Bandera E, Mudrova SV, Ivanenko VN (2018) Five new coexisting species of copepod crustaceans of the genus
Branching corals of
This paper describes five new species of
The sampling was undertaken in accordance with the policies and procedures of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (
Four colonies of
Sampling localities in the Red Sea.
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SA13-12 |
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Thuwal | 1 | 24.04.2013 |
SA13-25 |
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Thuwal | 10.4 | 25.04.2013 | |
SA13-31 |
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Thuwal | 28 | 26.04.2013 | |
SA13-61 |
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Thuwal | 1 | 29.04.2013 |
SA13-72 |
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Al Lith | 2.5 | 03.05.2013 |
In the lab, copepods were dissected in lactic acid and then stained with Chlorazol black E (Sigma C-1144) for contrast enhancement (
For confocal microscopy, exoskeletons were individually transferred to distilled water and then stained with Fuchsin (
All figures were prepared using a Leica DM5500B differential interference microscope equipped with a camera lucida. The armature formula of swimming legs 1–4 follows
For scanning electron microscopy (
Type specimens of copepods are deposited in the collection of the
Five new and one described species of the genus
The publication by Humes and Stock in 1972 of a list of new taxa, including
Saudi Arabian Red Sea, reef near Thuwal,
1 ♀ holotype (
The specific Latin epithet
Adult female.
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Leg 1 | 0–1 | 1–0 | I-0; I-1; III,I,4 | 0–1; 0–1; I,1,4 |
Leg 2 | 0–1 | 1–0 | I-0; I-1; III,I,5 | 0–1; 0–2; I,II,3 |
Leg 3 | 0–1 | 1–0 | I-0; I-1; III,I,5 | 0–1; 0–2; I,II,2 |
Leg 4 | 0–1 | 1–0 | I-0; I-1; II,I,5 | 0–1; 0,II,0 |
Male unknown.
Saudi Arabian Red Sea, reef near Thuwal,
1 ♀ holotype (
The specific name from the Latin
Adult female.
Male unknown.
Saudi Arabian Red Sea, reef near Thuwal,
1 ♀ holotype (
The specific Latin epithet
Adult female.
Male unknown.
Saudi Arabian Red Sea, reef near Thuwal,
Material examined. 1 ♀ holotype (
The specific Latin epithet
Adult female.
Male unknown.
Saudi Arabian Red Sea, reef near Thuwal,
1 ♀ holotype (
The specific epithet
Adult female.
Male unknown.
2 ♀♀ found in tubular-shaped modification of corallites of
Designation of the genus
The body has a broadened and thickened prosome in
The antennules are very similar in all eight species, with the only difference being the presence of an extra seta in the sixth segment in
The antenna of all species, except for
The maxillules of
As for the maxilliped, small interspecific differences in the third claw-like segment were detected. The margin of the claw has three very small subterminal spinules in
The armature of the legs is the same for the eight species; only the ornamentation of the fourth Sixth leg varies among the species. The exopodal spines have barbed lamellae in
The genital double-somite, generally rather narrow, can be present in three different shapes. In
The fifth Sixth leg in all species shows a long, slender and recurved segment of exopod with two apical setae. The length:width ratio of the free segment varies among the species, it is 10.5 times as long as wide in
The length:width ratio of the caudal rami, characteristically elongated in all the species, is also variable. The caudal rami are 9.1 times as long as wide in
1 | First pedigerous somite completely separated from cephalothorax |
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– | First pedigerous somite not completely separated from the cephalothorax |
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2 | Prosome unusually broadened and thickened; caudal rami 2.8 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segments of the antenna 1.1:1; terminal claw of maxilliped with subterminal spinules |
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– | Prosome broad; caudal rami 4.4 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segments of the antenna 1.5:1; terminal claw of maxilliped with apical pore |
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3 | First pedigerous somite incompletely separated from cephalosome by an indistinct furrow |
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– | Cephalosome fully incorporating first pedigerous somite |
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4 | Caudal rami greatly elongated, 9.1 times as long as wide; outer exopodal spines of fourth Sixth leg with barbed lamellae; free segment of fifth Sixth leg 10.5 times as long as wide |
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– | Caudal rami 5.0 times as long as wide or less |
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5 | Caudal rami 5.0 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segment of the antenna 1.1:1; outer exopodal spines of fourth Sixth leg with barbed lamellae; free segment of fifth Sixth leg 7.9 times as long as wide |
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– | Caudal rami 4.0 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segment of the antenna 2.1:1; outer exopodal spines of fourth Sixth leg with smooth lamellae; free segment of fifth Sixth leg 6.7 times as long as wide |
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6 | Outer exopodal spines of fourth Sixth leg with barbed lamellae; caudal rami 4.3 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segment of the antenna 1:1; free segment of fifth Sixth leg 4.2 times as long as wide |
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– | Outer exopodal spines of fourth Sixth leg with smooth lamellae |
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7 | Caudal rami 5.0 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segment of the antenna 1.7:1; free segment of fifth Sixth leg 7.6 times as long as wide; terminal claw of maxilliped with apical pore |
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– | Caudal rami 3.7 times as long as wide; length ratio of second to third segment of the antenna 1:1.2; free segment of fifth Sixth leg 9.3 times as long as wide; terminal claw of maxilliped with a tooth subapically |
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We thank Michael Berumen (
The sampling and research of S.V. Mudrova were supported by award No.1389-CRG1 and baseline funding from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (
All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable.