Additions and corrections to the check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico IV

Abstract A summary of all taxonomic and nomenclatural changes to the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico since the last update published in 2015 is provided. A total of 64 changes are listed and discussed, consisting of 26 recently published changes and additions, and an additional 38 presented herein. One stat. n., one stat. rev., six syn. n., and two comb. n. are proposed for the first time. Orthimella Schmidt & Lafontaine nom. n. is proposed here as an objective replacement name for Himella Grote, 1874 [Noctuinae: Orthosiini], a junior homonym of Himella Dallas, 1852 [Hemiptera: Coreidae].


930299.1
Virbia marginata -the Virbia taxon from southernmost Texas previously thought to be V. aurantiaca is in fact more closely related to V. marginata (described from Guatemala) based on phenotype and DNA barcode, and this species is accordingly added to the North American fauna. The western species treated as V. marginata by Zaspel et al. (2008) is a separate, undescribed species maintained as Virbia near marginata, as per Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010). 930409.1 Euchaetes nancyae -This species is described in the current volume by Nagle and Schmidt (2018). 930468.1 Nyridela xanthocera -reported and photographed in southern Texas in 2017 (Krancevic 2018

Nychioptera basipallida -This species was described in the genus Oxycilla
Grote by Barnes and McDunnough (1916) and has remained there until now. The barcode results suggested the species belonged in the genus Nychioptera Franclemont in the Boletobiinae and not in Oxycilla in the Rivulinae and examination of the male genital characters confirmed the new placement as Nychioptera basipallida (Barnes & McDunnough, 1916), comb. n. 930730 Hyperstrotia villificans -This species was synonymized with H. nana (Hübner, 1818) by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2015

Catocala bastropi -Described from western Louisiana and eastern Texas,
this new species occurs west of the known range of Catocala louiseae Bauer, which occurs as far west as Alabama (Kons and Borth 2017). 930887.1 Bulia mexicana -Recently discovered to occur in southern Texas. One of the two vouchers in KBC has been barcoded. 930913 Drasteria howlandii -Typical Drasteria howlandii is a species of the Great Plains and western mountainous areas and is replaced farther south by a paler desert form in which females look like typical D. howlandii but males have more white in the hind wing. Richards (1939) treated them as separate species because their range only overlapped slightly, but he also pointed out that there were many exceptions to the "species" characters with wrong "forms" showing up in each other's territory and suggested the two "species" hybridize where their ranges meet. The barcodes also do not match either distribution or color forms, and unlike other closely-related Drasteria, barcode variation is also very low; we therefore treat D. tejonica (Behr, 1870), syn. n. as a geographic form of D. howlandii.

Mimophisma forbesi -This species was previously known only from
Puerto Rico, but found in the Florida Keys by Jim Troubridge in 2013. The specimen has been barcoded. 930969.1 Tyrissa recurva -Specimens were collected at the National Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys by David Fine and Jim Troubridge. 931000.1 Toxonprucha scitior -This species was described from northwestern Guatemala but is now known to occur through Mexico and into the Hill Country of Texas. Vouchers are in the collection of Hugo Kons Jr., Florida, and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario. 931019 Zale strigimacula -The identity of this species has been a mystery for many years. It had been reported from Florida, but specimens from Florida identified as Z. strigimacula and those identified as Z. viridans (Guenée, 1852) were found to represent a single undescribed species unknown from the Neotropics or elsewhere in the Caribbean, so both species were removed from the check list of Canada and United States (Lafontaine and Schmidt 2010) in a recent list update (Lafontaine and Schmidt (2015). Unfortunately, the abdomen of the male lectotype borrowed from MNHP by J. G. Franclemont for dissection has been lost. However, Neotropical specimens in USNM dissected and identified as Zale strigimacula, and presumably compared to the dissection of the lectotype, give a clue to the identity of this species. The species occurs from Brazil northward into southern Texas and is therefore placed back on the North American checklist; this species is, however, not known to occur in Florida. At least one additional species belonging to the Z. strigimacula complex is known from Texas. 931020 Zale obsita -As with Zale strigimacula above, there has been much confusion as to the correct identity of this species. Specimens identified as Zale obsita from Florida are now reidentified as the same undescribed species discussed under Z. strigimacula, so this particular species has been the basis for the incorrect reports of Zale strigimacula, Z. obsita, and Z. viridans from Florida. The female genitalia of the obsita type in the NHMUK is unique in having a single elongated lobe to the corpus bursae, unlike the figure 8-shaped bursa of species in the Z. strigimacula complex. Alberto Zilli pointed out that the genitalia of specimens from the Galapagos Islands and treated as Z. obsita by Hayes (1973) were good matches for the type specimen from Brazil. Dissection and barcoding of specimens from the Galapagos in the CNC confirms this identification and show that Z. obsita is known from Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Guatemala, but not from farther north.  (Franclemont and Todd 1983), but the species recorded in Texas is now known to be an undescribed species related to C. hippotes. 931290 Protodeltote -Both Protodeltote and Deltote were recognized as valid genera in Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010) following the revision by Ueda (1984), but at the time we were unaware that Protodeltote had recently been subsumed within Deltote as a subgenus by Fibiger et al. (2009). Despite the apparent similarity between the two genera, phylogenetic analysis shows that the two are in fact not closely related (BCS, unpubl. data), and we therefore re-instate Protodeltote stat. rev. as a valid genus as proposed by Ueda (1984). 931540.1 Dolocucullia poolei -This species is described in the current volume by . 931659.1 Plagiomimicus yakama -This species, with two constituent subspecies, is described in the current volume by .

Eulepidotis merricki -
931719 Neogrotella mcdunnoughi -The species name was misspelled as macdunnoughi following the spelling in Franclemont and Todd (1983). Contributed by Greg Pohl & Steve Nanz. Adams and Schmidt (2018) in the current volume. 931821.1 Sympistis tenuistriga -Sympistis badistriga var. tenuistriga (McDunnough, 1940) was first treated as a valid species in Pohl et al. (2018) based on genital and barcode differences. 931927.1 Sympistis ferrirena -This species is described in the current volume by .

Neotuerta collectiora -This taxon was described as a Cuban subspecies of
Neotuerta sabulosa (Felder, 1874), a species mainly occurring in Central and South America and the Caribbean as far north as Puerto Rico. Research by Jim Troubridge indicates the Cuban taxon should be raised to species status as Neotuerta collectiora Todd, 1966, stat. n. It was collected at Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the Florida Keys in 2016 by David Fine. 932029.1 Diastema chuza -Diastema chuza (Druce, 1898), comb. n. was included in the genus Eustrotia Hübner by Hampson (1910) and Poole (1989), but the barcodes and genitalia associate it with the genus Diastema Guenée. It has been found in Texas in Starr County. 932045.1 Helicoverpa armigera -The Old World Bollworm, a significant pest species native to the eastern hemisphere, is now also established in South America. This species was detected in Florida (Manatee County: Bradenton) in 2015, but appears not to have become established (USDA 2017). This species has the potential to become an agricultural pest in North America (USDA 2017).  Crabo et al. (2018). 932656 Stretchia plusiaeformis -The species name plusiaeformis was incorrectly updated to plusiiformis by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2015) following Poole (1989 Crabo and Schmidt (2018). The genus Admetovis is re-classified as a member of the tribe Hadenini from its previous placement in the Orthosiini, resulting in the re-assignment of checklist numbers from 932806 -2807. 932937.1 Leucania clarescens -This species was described from Puerto Rico. Jim Troubridge collected specimens at Bahia Honda State Park and Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the Florida Keys and identification was made by Cliff Ferris from the male genitalia of one these specimens. The other specimen has been barcoded. 932953.1 Leucania oregona -This species was segregated from Leucania farcta (Grote, 1881) by Lafontaine and Schmidt (2010) and recognized as a valid species because of significant differences in the genitalia. Barcode results indicate it is closely related to Leucania imperfecta Smith, 1894, and the genitalia confirm this association, so we give it a new sequence number to reflect its proper position within Leucania. 932953.2 Leucania chejela -This Caribbean and Central American species was discovered at Bahia Honda State Park in the Florida Keys by Jim Troubridge in 2013. Specimens have been dissected and barcoded. 932955.1 Leucania rawlinsi -This species was described from Jamaica, but extends as far north as Cuba, the Bahamas, and recently was collected at the National Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys by Jim Troubridge. The specimen has been barcoded. 932961.1 Leucania latiuscula -This species was described from Cuba and was collected at the National Key Deer Refuge in the Florida Keys by Jim Troubridge. A specimen has been barcoded.

Rhabdorthodes pattersoni -The genus
Rhabdorthodes and the three constituent species are newly described in the current volume by Crabo (2018). 933181.1 Hypotrix lactomellis -This species is described in the current volume by . 933207 Hydroeciodes serrata -H. ochrimacula, syn. rev. does not differ from H. serrata in structural characters or barcodes, so we consider it to be a form of H. serrata and treat it as a synonym. 933663.1 Abagrotis benjamini -This taxon was described as a "race" of Abagrotis crumbi. It was raised to a valid species by Goldstein and Nelson (2017).