Corresponding author: Norman F. Johnson (
The genus
The genus
This work is based upon specimens in the following collections, with abbreviations used in the text: AEIC, American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FL
Abbreviations and morphological terms used in text: A1, A2, ... A12: antennomere 1, 2, … 12; claval formula: distribution of the large, multiporous basiconic sensilla on the underside of apical antennomeres of the female, with the segment interval specified followed by the number of sensilla per segment (
Appendix 1 lists terms associated with identifiers in the
In the Material Examined section the numbers prefixed with “OSUC” are unique identifiers for the individual specimens. The label data for all specimens have been georeferenced and recorded in the
Data associated with the genus
The electronic version of the paper contains hyperlinks to external resources. Insofar as possible, the external information conforms to standards developed and maintained through the organization Biodiversity Information Standards (Taxonomic Database Working Group). All new species have been prospectively registered with Zoobank (
This work is conducted as part of the
Body length: 4.09–5.45 mm (n=81).
Within the tribe
1 | T2–T3 reticulate ( |
2 |
– | T2–T3 with distinct longitudinal rugulae ( |
3 |
2 | Occiput without microsculpture within foveolae, appearing shining; length of T5 1.3–1.8 x its maximum width (Fig. 16) |
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– | Occiput with dense fine microsculpture within foveolae, appearing matte (Fig. 10); length of T5 1.6–2.2 x its maximum width (Fig. 7) |
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3 | Head and mesosoma without coriaceous microsculpture, appearing shining; metascutellum short, subquadrate (Fig. 20) |
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– | Head and mesosoma with distinct superimposed coriaceous microsculpture, giving body overall matte appearance; metascutellum distinctly longer than wide (Fig. 26) |
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Body length of female: 4.37–5.45 mm (n=11). Body length of male: 4.58–5.22 mm (n=4). Mesosoma color: black. Body microsculpture pattern: smooth.
Rugae on occiput: reticulate. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: foveolate (Fig. 10). Setae on crests of occipital rugae: absent. Shape of female A4: length subequal to width. Shape of female A5: transverse. Shape of female A6: distinctly transverse.
Setation of pronotal depression: moderately to densely setose. Setation of netrion: moderately to densely setose (Fig. 2). Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate anteriorly, sculpture effaced, sparser posteriorly (Figs 4, 10). Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 7–8, widely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: short, shallowly cleft medially (Fig. 4). Sculpture of mesopleural depression: almost entirely sculptured, with transverse rugulae and interspersed irregular fovea.
Sculpture of T2–T3: irregularly reticulate, without longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 1.61–2.22 mm (n=12). Length/width of female T6: 1.10–1.50 mm (n=11). Sculpture of T6: with reticulate microsculpture only. Apex of male T7: pointed laterally, shallowly excavate or straight medially (Fig. 8).
Data from specimen labels: emerged from egg of
In the brief key to species
Body length of female: 4.09–5.42 mm (n=15). Mesosoma color: black. Body microsculpture pattern: smooth.
Rugae on occiput: reticulate. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: absent. Setae on crests of occipital rugae: absent. Shape of female A4: length subequal to width. Shape of female A5: transverse. Shape of female A6: distinctly transverse.
Setation of pronotal depression: moderately to densely setose (Fig. 12). Setation of netrion: moderately to densely setose. Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate throughout; foveate to areolate anteriorly, or sculpture effaced, sparser posteriorly (Fig. 14). Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 7–8, widely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: short, shallowly cleft medially (Fig. 14). Sculpture of mesopleural depression: almost entirely sculptured, with transverse rugulae and interspersed irregular fovea.
Sculpture of T2–T3: irregularly reticulate, without longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 1.26–1.80 mm (n=15). Length/width of female T6: 1.05–1.53 mm (n=15). Sculpture of T6: with reticulate microsculpture only.
This species is very similar to
No data available.
Body length of female: 4.13–5.26 mm (n=20). Body length of male: 4.50–5.16 mm (n=13). Mesosoma color: black; red brown at least dorsally, otherwise dark to brown black. Body microsculpture pattern: smooth.
Rugae on occiput: longitudinal. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: absent. Setae on crests of occipital rugae: present. Shape of female A4: length subequal to width; length distinctly greater than width. Shape of female A5: transverse; subquadrate. Shape of female A6: distinctly transverse; weakly transverse.
Setation of pronotal depression: glabrous or sparsely setose. Setation of netrion: moderately to densely setose. Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate throughout (Fig. 20). Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 7–8, widely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: short, shallowly cleft medially (Fig. 20). Sculpture of mesopleural depression: foveolate anteriorly, transversely rugulose ventrally, with large smooth area dorsally surrounding mesopleural pit.
Sculpture of T2–T3: reticulate, with distinct longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 0.89–1.72 mm (n=20). Length/width of female T6: 0.81–1.26 mm (n=20). Sculpture of T6: with shallow foveolae impressed on reticulate background microsculpture. Apex of male T7: pointed laterally, shallowly excavate or straight medially.
This species shares the short female T6 (Fig. 22) and, in many specimens, the red mesosoma with
The specific epithet is Latin for king and should be treated as a noun in apposition.
Data from specimen labels: collected on
Body length of female: 4.44–5.14 mm (n=12). Body length of male: 4.42–4.85 mm (n=5). Mesosoma color: red brown at least dorsally, otherwise dark to brown black. Body microsculpture pattern: with widespread superimposed coriaceous microsculpture.
Rugae on occiput: reticulate. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: absent. Setae on crests of occipital rugae: absent. Shape of female A4: length distinctly greater than width. Shape of female A5: subquadrate. Shape of female A6: weakly transverse.
Setation of pronotal depression: glabrous or sparsely setose (Fig. 24). Setation of netrion: glabrous or sparsely setose. Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate throughout (Fig. 26). Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 9–11, closely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: distinctly elongate, deeply cleft medially. Sculpture of mesopleural depression: irregularly foveolate, transverse rugulae very weakly indicated.
Sculpture of T2–T3: reticulate, with distinct longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 0.97–1.16 mm (n=13). Length/width of female T6: 0.93–1.13 mm (n=13). Sculpture of T6: with shallow foveolae impressed on reticulate background microsculpture. Apex of male T7: weakly pointed laterally, distinctly sinuous medially.
This species should only be confused with red specimens of
The specific epithet is a colloquial term for a Costa Rican, reflecting the origin of most of the specimens we have seen. It should be treated as a noun in apposition.
No data available.
Our thanks to Lubomír Masner for discussion, insight, and inspration; to A. Bennett, M. Buffington, S. Csősz, J.-L. García, S. Myers, D. Notton, T. Nuhn, J. Oswald, A. Polaszek, M. Sharkey, and D. Wahl for loans of specimens for study; and to J. Cora and S. Hemly for valuable logistical support. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. DEB–0614764 to N.F. Johnson and A.D. Austin.
Correspondence between anatomical terms used and the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology. Identifiers may be resolved by appending them to the following URL: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/
Correspondence between anatomical terms used and the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology. Identifiers may be resolved by appending them to the following URL: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/
A1 |
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A2 |
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A3 |
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A7 |
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A12 |
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acetabular carina |
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admedian line |
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anteclypeus |
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antenna |
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antennomere |
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anterior margin of clypeus |
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area |
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articulation |
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axillula |
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basal vein |
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body |
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bulla |
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carina |
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central keel |
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clava |
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clavomere |
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clypeus |
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compound eye |
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corner |
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coxa |
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depression |
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egg |
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epomial carina |
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eye |
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felt field |
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femur |
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flagellum |
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fore wing |
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fovea |
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frons |
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frontal shelf |
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gena |
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head |
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hind coxa |
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hind tibia |
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hind tibial spur |
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hind wing |
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hyperoccipital carina |
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inner orbit |
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interantennal process |
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labrum |
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lateral face of pronotum |
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lateral ocellus |
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laterotergite |
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laterosternite |
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line |
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lower frons striae |
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malar sulcus |
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mandible |
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mandibular tooth |
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margin |
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median longitudinal carina of S1 |
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median longitudinal carina on metasomal tergite |
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median longitudinal carina of mesoscutellum |
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mesopleural carina |
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mesopleural pit |
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mesopleuron |
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mesoscutellum |
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mesoscutum |
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mesosoma |
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metapleuron |
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metapostnotum |
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metascutellum |
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metasoma |
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metasomal depression of propodeum |
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mid coxa |
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mid tibial spur |
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midlobe of mesoscutum |
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multiporous plate sensillum |
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netrion |
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notauli (notaulus) |
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occipital carina |
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occiput |
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ocellus |
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ocular ocellar line |
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orbit |
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orbital carina |
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ovipositor |
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palpomere |
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pit |
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parapsidal line |
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postclypeus |
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propodeal lateral projection |
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process |
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projection |
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pronotum |
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propodeum |
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radial vein |
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radicle |
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scrobe |
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sculpture |
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segment |
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skaphion |
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sternaulus |
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sternite |
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submedian carina |
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sulcus |
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tegula |
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tergite |
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tibia |
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torulus |
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transscutal articulation |
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transverse pronotal carina |
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trochantellus |
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tyloid |
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vein |
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venation |
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vertex |
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vertical epomial carina |
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wing |
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