Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li (
Academic editor: Y. Marusik
The
Zhao H, Yao Z, Song Y, Li S (2018) Taxonomic study of the
The
The individuals of
All specimens were examined and measured using a LEICA M205 C stereomicroscope. All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are as follows: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The habitus, left male palp, and receptacle were photographed using an Olympus C7070 digital camera. Female genitalia were removed and treated in lactic acid before being photographed. Images were combined using Helicon Focus image stacking software. For SEM images, the left male palp was photographed using a Hitachi SU8010 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope.
To confirm the stable morphology of male palps for each species in the
GenBank accession numbers and mean inter-specific uncorrected p-distances of species in the
Species | GenBank accession number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
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1 |
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2 |
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0.169 | |||||||||||
3 |
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0.151 | 0.149 | ||||||||||
4 |
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0.168 | 0.163 | 0.164 | |||||||||
5 |
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0.146 | 0.161 | 0.154 | 0.155 | ||||||||
6 |
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0.151 | 0.169 | 0.149 | 0.177 | 0.153 | |||||||
7 |
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0.161 | 0.164 | 0.158 | 0.154 | 0.170 | 0.165 | ||||||
8 |
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0.160 | 0.166 | 0.159 | 0.154 | 0.151 | 0.162 | 0.158 | |||||
9 |
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0.156 | 0.167 | 0.160 | 0.154 | 0.177 | 0.159 | 0.169 | 0.162 | ||||
10 |
|
0.137 | 0.146 | 0.169 | 0.149 | 0.134 | 0.154 | 0.139 | 0.166 | 0.162 | |||
11 |
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0.169 | 0.147 | 0.171 | 0.133 | 0.145 | 0.164 | 0.135 | 0.153 | 0.150 | 0.146 | ||
12 |
|
0.142 | 0.155 | 0.122 | 0.154 | 0.143 | 0.152 | 0.148 | 0.157 | 0.154 | 0.146 | 0.128 |
References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase (figure or figs); figures from this paper are noted with an initial capital (Figure or Figs). The following abbreviations are used in the text or figures:
Abbreviations of institutes:
The total number of
See
China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), Vietnam (Vinh Phuc, Quang Binh, Phu Tho, Bac Kan).
Species of
China (western Guangxi, southern Guizhou).
1 | Eyes present (1.1) |
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– | Eyes absent (1.2) |
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2 | Bulb without papillae proximo-retrolaterally (2.1) |
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– | Bulb with papillae proximo-retrolaterally (2.2) |
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3 | Bulb curved dorso-distally (arrowed in 3.1a); |
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– | Bulb curved dorso-medially (arrowed in 3.2a); |
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4 |
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– |
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5 | Embolus with small apophyses distal-retrolaterally (arrowed in 5.1a); |
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– | Embolus without small apophyses distal-retrolaterally (5.2a); |
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6 | Embolus with a bifurcated tip (arrowed in 6.1a); bulb with a right-angled bend dorso-subdistally (arrowed in 6.1b) |
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– | Embolus with a slightly arch-shaped tip (arrowed in 6.2a); bulb with an obtuse-angled bend dorso-distally (arrowed in 6.2b) |
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7 | Bulb kidney-shaped and curved dorso-medially (arrow in 7.1), |
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– | Bulb pear-shaped and not curved dorso-medially (arrow in 7.2), |
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8 | Embolus with small apophyses distal-retrolaterally (arrowed in 8.1); |
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– | Embolus without small apophyses distal-retrolaterally (8.2); |
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9 |
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– |
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10 |
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– | ||
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11 | Embolus straight (arrow 1 in 11.1); bulb protruding ventro-subdistally (arrow 2 in 11.1) and slightly curved dorso-medially (arrow 3 in 11.1) |
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– | Embolus curved (arrow 1 in 11.2); bulb not protruding ventro-subdistally (arrow 2 in 11.2) and not curved dorso-medially (arrow 3 in 11.2) |
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|
Holotype ♂ (
5♂ and 5♀ (molecular vouchers,
China (Guangxi, Figure
4♀ (molecular vouchers,
The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Zhigang Chen.
Palp: Tibia 2.8 times longer than patella, cymbium 2.0 times longer than tibia, cymbial apophysis cone-shaped (Figs
In 4♂ paratypes:
China (Guangxi, Figure
Holotype ♂ (
5♂ and 5♀ (molecular vouchers,
This species resembles
Male palp: Bulb with papillae proximo-retrolaterally (Figure
This species is transferred to
China (Guangxi, Figure
5♀ (molecular vouchers,
The species epithet refers to the type locality; noun.
Palp: Tibia 2.0 times longer than patella, cymbium 2.2 times longer than tibia, cymbial apophysis dark brown and cone-shaped (Figure
In 4♂ paratypes:
China (Guangxi, Figure
holotype ♂ (
5♂ and 8♀ (including five molecular vouchers,
Male palp: Cymbial apophysis light brown (Figure
Because this species shares similar morphological characters with
The coordinates of the type locality of this species in
China (Guizhou, Figure
4♀ (molecular vouchers,
The species epithet refers to the type locality; noun.
This species resembles
Palp: Tibia 2.9 times longer than patella, cymbium 2.0 times longer than tibia, cymbial apophysis cone-shaped (Figure
In 5♂ paratypes:
China (Guangxi, Figure
4♂ and 5♀ (molecular vouchers,
This species resembles
Male palp: Cymbial apophysis finger-like (Figs
This species is transferred to
China (Guangxi, Figure
4♀ (molecular vouchers,
The species epithet refers to the type locality; noun.
This species resembles
Palp: Tibia 3 times longer than patella, cymbium 2 times longer than tibia, cymbial apophysis long and brown (Figure
In 4♂ paratypes:
China (Guangxi, Figure
5♀ (molecular vouchers,
The species epithet refers to the type locality; noun.
This species resembles
Palp: Tibia 3.2 times longer than patella, cymbium 2.1 times longer than tibia, cymbial apophysis approximately cone-shaped (Figs
In 4♂ paratypes:
China (Guangxi, Figure
Holotype ♂ (
This species resembles
Male palp: Embolus bent (Figure
China (Guangxi, Figure
5♀ (molecular vouchers,
The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Yunchun Li.
This species resembles
Palp: Tibia 2.3 times longer than patella, cymbium 2.0 times longer than tibia, cymbial apophysis brown and cone-shaped (Figs
In 3♂ paratypes:
China (Guangxi, Figure
Holotype ♂ (
4♂ and 8♀ (molecular vouchers,
This species resembles
Male palp: Embolus bent (Figs
This species shares a combination of morphological characters with
China (Guizhou, Figure
Distribution records of
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri Marusik and Akio Tanikawa. Sarah Crews kindly improved English of the text. This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC–31872193, 31530067, 31471960).
Figures S1–S12. Left male palps of
Data type: specimens data