Corresponding author: Yi-Jian Yao (
Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken
The natural product of
Insect host species of
Recently, a global inventory of the suborder Exoporia, comprising
Based upon an exhaustive literature search, a total of 4793 publications related to
A total of 91 names in 13 genera of
Fifty-seven species are considered here as recognizable potential host insects of
Insect name | Geographic distribution | Altitude (m) | Main references | Status of host insect† | Different name in the main references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yunnan Province: Lijiang County‡ | 3200 | P | |||
Zhejiang Province: Anji County‡; Fujian Province | — | N | |||
Anhui Province: Yuexi County‡ | — | N | |||
Sichuan Province: Baoxing and Danba Counties; Fujian and Guangxi Provinces | 3600 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Yingjing County; Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, He’nan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and Shanxi Provinces; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Japan | — |
|
N | ||
Fujian Province‡ | — | N | |||
Yunnan Province: Jingdong County‡, Xishuangbanna Prefecture‡ | — | N | |||
Anhui Province: Yuexi County‡; Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hu’nan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang Provinces | — | N | |||
Hu’nan Province | — | N | |||
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, He’nan, Hubei, Hu’nan, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang Provinces; Shanghai Municipality; D.P.R. Korea; India; Japan; Sri Lanka | — |
|
N | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Nyalam County‡ | — | N | |||
Yunnan Province: Jinghong Municipality‡; Guangdong and Hainan Provinces | — | N | |||
Qinghai Province: Zadoi County; Heilongjiang Province; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Northern Europe; Russia | 3900¶ | P | |||
Hebei and Heilongjiang Provinces; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Eastern Siberia; Mongolia | 340–1300 | N | |||
Chongqing Municipality‡ | — |
|
N | ||
Hainan Province: Ledong County‡ | — |
|
N | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Nyalam County; India; Nepal; Sikkim | — | I | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4500 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Biru County‡ | 4400–4700 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Dinggyê County‡ | — |
|
I | ||
Qinghai Province: Gangca County‡ | 3195¶ |
|
P | ||
Qinghai Province: Guide County | 3400–3600 | P, IN | |||
Hainan Province: Ledong County‡ | — |
|
N | ||
Heilongjiang Province; Europe and Siberia | — | N | |||
Qinghai Province: Guide County | 3400–3600 | P, IN | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4500 | P | |||
Gansu Province: Maqu County‡ | 3300¶ |
|
P | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Damxung County‡ | 4200¶ |
|
P | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Namling County‡ | 3704¶ |
|
P | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Nyingchi County‡ | 4100–5000 |
|
P | ||
Sichuan Province: Xiaojin‡ and Jinchuan County‡ | 3500–4800 |
|
P | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Xigazê Prefecture‡ | — |
|
I | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Yadong County‡ | — |
|
I | ||
Yunnan Province: Yongsheng County‡ | — |
|
I | ||
Qinghai Province: Zadoi County‡ | 3900¶ |
|
P | ||
Qinghai Province: Jigzhi County‡ | 3800–3900 |
|
P | ||
Qinghai Province: Zhidoi County‡ | 4400–4600 |
|
P | ||
Hu’nan Province: Chenzhou City‡; Shanghai Municipality | — | N | |||
Chongqing Municipality‡ | — | N | |||
Hu’nan Provinces: Changsha City‡; Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Jiangxi Provinces | — | N | |||
Jiangxi Province: Taihe County‡ | — |
|
N | ||
Sichuan and Taiwan Provinces; Kashmir; India; Sri Lanka; Japan | — |
|
N | ||
Hu’nan Province; Malaysia | — |
|
N | ||
Sichuan Province: Luhuo County; Europe | 3050¶ | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Kangding District; Europe; Russia | 3500¶ | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Dêgê County; Southwest Europe | 3880¶ | P | |||
— | — |
|
N | ||
Hubei Province | — | N | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4500–4800 | P | |||
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region‡ | 1300–l800 | N | |||
Yunnan Province: Jianchuan‡ and Lijiang Counties‡ | 2800–3100 | P | |||
Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces; Tibet Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region | 3600–5000 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4500–4900 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Baqên County‡ | 4600–4800 |
|
P | ||
Tibet Autonomous Region; Yunnan Province : Deqên County‡ | 4300–4600 | P | |||
Gansu Province: Wenxian County‡ | 3200–3800 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Damxung County‡ | 4500–4680 |
|
P | ||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County | 4200–4700 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Markam County; Yunnan Province: Deqên County | 4000–4700 | P, IN | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4200–4700 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Kangding County‡ | 3800–4400 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Zogang County‡ | 4000–4600 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Jianchuan County‡ | 2900–3500 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4600 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Kangding County‡ | 3600–4500 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Kangding County‡ | 4200 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Lijiang County‡ | 3500–4400 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Litang‡ and Batang County; Tibet Autonomous Region | 4300–4700 | P | |||
Gansu Province: Luqu County‡ | 4276–4300 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Markam County‡; Yunnan Porvince: Deqên County | 4500–4900 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 3650–4700 | P | |||
Gansu Province: Jishishan County; Qinghai Province: Hualong, Menyuan‡ and Tongren Counties | — | I | |||
Qinghai Province: Yushu Prefecture; Tibet Autonomous Region: Amdo‡ and Damxung Counties‡, Nagqu Prefecture | 4500 | P | |||
Qinghai Province: Yushu Prefecture‡; Sichuan Province: Kangding County | 4000–4500 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4350 |
|
P | ||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 3880–5100 | P | |||
Sichuan Province‡: Aba Prefecture, Emei and Kangding Counties; Chongqing Municipality | 3600–3800 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Batang County; Tibet Autonomous Region: Qamdo County | 4500 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Nyalam County‡ | 2200 | N | |||
Qinghai Province: Xunhua County‡ | 3800 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4500–4700 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Lijiang County‡ | 4150–4500 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Yunlong‡ and Dali Counties; Hainan Province | 3600–4200 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Jianchuan‡, Lanping‡, Lijiang‡ and Weixi Counties | 3600–4100 | P | |||
Qinghai Province: Yushu Prefecture‡, Batang, Chindu and Zadoi Counties; Gansu Province | 4500–4900 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Markam County‡ | 4600–4900 | P | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Nyalam County‡ | 2200 | N | |||
Tibet Autonomous Region: Zayü‡ and Markam Counties; Yunnan Province: Deqên and Gongshan County | 4200–4400 | P | |||
Yunnan Province: Deqên County‡ | 4000–4600 | P | |||
Sichuan Province: Kangding Prefecture; Central Asia | — |
|
I | ||
Sichuan Province: Kangding County; Central Asia; Central Europe and Northern Europe | — | I |
† The status of host insect of
‡ Type-locality;
§ Names not included in
| Stem-borers;
¶ The lowest altitude of the reported locality in China.
Through an extensive literature survey, all the
Species in different genera of Chinese hepialids can be divided into two categories according to the feeding strategy of the larvae (
Eight species, including 1
Fifty-seven taxa are recognized as potential hosts of
Three names of the recognizable potential host insects are invalid (
Species of
Natural production of
This work is supported by the National Science and Technology Supporting Projects operated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2007BAI32B03), the Key Research Project of Innovation Programmes (KSCX2-YW-G-076, KSCX2-YW-G-074-04,KSCX2-SW-101C) and the scheme of Introduction of Overseas Outstanding Talents operated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30025002).