New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada: Oxyporinae

Abstract Five species of Oxyporinae: Oxyporus occipitalis Fauvel, Oxyporus quinquemaculatus LeConte, Oxyporus major Gravenhorst, Oxyporus rufipennis LeConte, and Oxyporus stygicus Say, are newly recorded from New Brunswick, bringing the number of Oxyporinae known from the province to eight. The first documented records from New Brunswick are provided for Oxyporus kiteleyi reported by Majka et al. (2011). Oxyporus occipitalis and Oxyporus major are newly reported for the Maritime provinces of Canada. Collection and habitat data are presented for all these species.


Introduction
This paper treats new Staphylinidae records from New Brunswick of the subfamily Oxyporinae. The Oxyporinae of the New World were reviewed by Campbell (1969Campbell ( , 1978. This Subfamily includes only the genus Oxyporus in North America. The biology and larva have been described for a number of the North American species (Mc-Cabe and Teale 1982;Leschen and Allen 1988;Goodrich 1993, 1994;Goodrich and Hanley 1995b). Members of this genus exhibit an obligate association with mature Agaricales (gilled), Boletales (bolete), and Polyporales (polypore) mushrooms, and both larvae and adults feed on the spore-producing layer of the mushrooms (Hanley and Goodrich 1995b). The host preferences and behavior of the New World Oxyporus species were reviewed by Hanley and Goodrich (1995b). Members of this genus vary in the range of fungal host genera they use. For example, adults of Oxyporus quinquemaculatus LeConte have a narrow host preference range (Pluteus species), whereas other species, such as Oxyporus vittatus Gravenhorst, use a broad range of host genera of fungi, although the larvae of all species appear to have a narrower range of host species than the adults and are usually found in only one or two host fungi (Hanley and Goodrich 1995a, b). The short duration of the life cycle of only 14-17 days is probably an adaptation related to the ephemeral nature of the host fungi (Hanley and Goodrich 1993, 1995bGoodrich and Hanley 1995). Campbell and Davies (1991) reported eight species of Oxyporus for Canada and two species (Oxyporus. lateralis Gravenhorst and O. vittatus) from New Brunswick. Majka et al. (2011) reported Oxyporus kiteleyi Campbell from New Brunswick but did not provide any supporting references or data. Here, five species are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick, and the first documented records from New Brunswick of O. kiteleyi, bringing the number of Oxyporinae known from the province to eight.

Methods and conventions
The following records are based in part on specimens collected as part of a general survey by the first author to document the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick.

Collection methods
Oxyporinae were collected from mushrooms. Mushrooms were placed in a plastic box, broken into pieces, and the adults aspirated into a vial. A description of the habitat was recorded for all collections. Locality and habitat data are presented exactly as on labels for each record. This information, as well as additional collecting notes, is summarized in the collection and habitat data section for each species.

Specimen preparation
A few examples of male specimens were dissected to confirm their identity. The genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid microslides, and pinned with the specimens from which they originated.

Distribution
Distribution maps, created using ArcMap and ArcGIS, are presented for each species in New Brunswick. Every species is cited with current published distribution in Canada and Alaska, using abbreviations for the state, provinces, and territories. New provincial records are indicated in bold under Distribution in Canada and Alaska. The following abbreviations are used in the text:

Results
Five species of Oxyporinae are newly recorded from New Brunswick, and the first documented records from New Brunswick of O. kiteleyi, bringing the number of Oxyporinae known from the province to eight (Table 1).

Species accounts
All records below are species newly recorded for New Brunswick, Canada, unless noted otherwise (additional records). Species followed by ** are newly recorded from the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) of Canada.
The classification of the Oxyporinae follows Bouchard et al. (2011).

NF & LB Newfoundland and Labrador
Notes. *New to province, **New to Maritime provinces.  Goodrich (1993, 1995a, b). This species was reported from 11 genera in seven families of fungi, but most individuals were reported from four genera Goodrich 1993, 1995a, b). In New Brunswick, adults were collected from various species (species not determined) of gilled mushrooms in mixed forests during June and July.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. YT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB (Campbell 1969 Collection and habitat data. Oxyporus quinquemaculatus has a relatively narrow range of hosts (five genera in three families), with most records from the genus Pluteus (Hanley and Goodrich 1995b). This species was also reported from Laccaria amethystina Murr., Psilocybe spadicea Fries, and Naematoloma sublateritium Karst. by West (1920, 1921). In New Brunswick, this species was collected from gilled mushrooms (species not determined) and from Polyporus varius Fr. in mixed forests during June and July.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (Campbell 1969 Hanley and Goodrich (1995b) considered O. kitelyi to have a relatively narrow range of host species. Adults have been reported from Suillus sp. (Boletaceae) from Massachusetts and Georgia (Campbell 1978) and Armillaria mellea (Tricholomataceae) (Hanley and Goodrich 1995b). In New Brunswick, adults were found on Boletus sp. mushrooms (Boletaceae), Pholiota sp. (Cortinariaceae) at the base of standing dead American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and inside a large orange-gilled mushroom species (probably Gymnopilus spectabilis (Cortinariacae)) near bases of dead standing American beech trees or on rotten beech logs. Adults occurred in tunnels within the caps of the orange-gilled mushroom species. This species was collected during August and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. QC, NB (Campbell 1978). Oxyporus kiteleyi was listed as occurring in New Brunswick by Majka et al. (2011) without any supporting references or data. Here, we provide the first documented records from New Brunswick.
Collection and habitat data. Campbell (1969) reported this species from a Lactarius sp. (Russulaceae). The biology, development, and a description of the larva of O. major were reported by Goodrich and Hanley (1995b). They reported this species from six families of fungi. Adults were most frequently collected from Stropaharia hardii Atkinson (Strophariaceae), Lepiota acutaesquamosa (Weinm.) Kummer (Lepiotaceae), and Armillaria spp. (Tricholomataceae). The only known larval host is S. hardii and L.
acutaesquamosa (Goodrich and Hanley 1995a, b). In New Brunswick, O. major was collected from Boletus sp. (Boletaceae) mushrooms during July, August, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. QC, NB (Chagnon 1917). Campbell (1969) considered a record from Montreal, Quebec based on specimens in the Fauvel Collection as doubtful unless verified by additional collecting and, therefore, did not report this species from Canada. However, there was a record supported by a specimen from Quebec (Montreal Island) reported by Chagnon (1917) that confirmed the presence of this species for the province of Quebec and Canada. There are also recent specimens from Quebec in the R. Martineau Collection at the Laurentian Forestry Centre's Insectarium in Quebec City, Quebec and in the CNC. Collection and habitat data. Hanley and Goodrich (1995b) considered O. rufipennis to have a relatively narrow range of host species (Pholiota (Cortinariaceae), Polyporus (Polyoraceae), Omphalotus, Pleurotus (Tricholomataceae)). In New Brunswick, this species was collected from mushrooms on standing trees and a recently fallen tree: Pleurotus sp. mushrooms on dead standing trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), from masses of Pholiota sp. mushrooms on a large standing (partially dead) yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), and a recently fallen yellow birch. Adults were captured during June, July, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (Campbell 1969;Campbell and Davies 1991 Collection and habitat data. The biology, development, and a description of the larval characteristics of O. stygicus were reported by . They reported this species from three families of fungi: Cortinariaceae (Pholiota), Polyporaceae (Grifola, Polyporus), and Tricholomataceae (Armillaria, Omphalotus, Pleurotus). Large series of immatures were collected from Pholiota aurivella (Fr.) Kummer, Pholiota sp., and Omphalotus illudens (Schw.) Bigelow. Weiss and West (1920) reported O. stygicus from Pleurotus ostriatus Fries. Hanley and Goodrich (1995b) considered O. stygicus to have a relatively narrow range of host species compared with other Oxyporus sp. This species was collected from Boletus and Pholiota spp. mushrooms in mixed forests and a silver maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) forest in New Brunswick. Adults were collected during June and September.