Corresponding author: Tatsuya Niisato (
Academic editor: Steven Lingafelter
The clytine genus
Clytine beetles of the genus
In spite of Taiwan’s rich longicorn beetles fauna, only two species of this genus,
In this study, we basically follow the work of
width of head across eyes; PL– length of pronotum; PW– maximum width of pronotum apical width of pronotum basal width of pronotum length of elytra humeral width of elytra arithmetic mean
basal band on pronotum, usually enlarged along entire margin basal bands near elytral bases sutural spot on elytra behind scutellum lateral bands before middle of elytra, sometimes almost reaching or joining S transverse bands behind middle of elytra, usually incomplete, not reaching external and sutural margins apical bands of elytra lateral maculation of mesosternum maculation on mesosternal process L-shaped band along apical margin of metathorax, extending to apical 1/2–2/3 of metepisternum lateral bands along apical margins of ventrites 1–4, usually enlarged along entire apical margin in basal segments
Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama, Japan Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, Japan National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan Natural History Museum of Osaka, Japan National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
The genus
The holotype of
Based on our recent examination of the late Dr. Masao Hayashi’s collection deposited in the Natural History Museum of Osaka, we only located a single species,
Small to very small clytine with black, glossy body arranged with white pubescent maculations on pronotum, elytra and ventral surface, characterized by relatively well-separated eyes, and dense hair on middle and hind tibiae. Colour mostly black, glossy, sometimes more or less matted, usually with brownish antennae and legs, and sometimes also on meso- and metathoraces, and abdomen. Hairs and pubescence mostly very short though some partially dense and long; head usually sparsely clothed with pale gray pubescence on frons in both sexes, though more or less sparsely so in ♀; antennae with long, pale brown hairs along underside of 2nd to 4th or 5th segments; pronotum thinly pubescent, with white pubescent band along base (
Head across eyes almost equal to the width of pronotum; frons almost quadrate, flattened, provided with a fine smooth median line, usually closely or coarselypunctured; clypeus flattened or slightly raised; mandible short and broad, rather strongly hooked near apex, with almost smooth inner margin, covered with numerous short hairs on surface, a few long hairs on outer margin near apex; maxilla with galea and lacinia weakly developed, terminal segment of palpus clearly flabellate, strongly dilated apicad in ♂, weakly so in ♀; terminal segment of labial palpus strongly dilated apicad in ♂, weakly so in ♀; vertex raised towards antennal cavities which are usually separated each other by half to 2/5 the width of occiput; occiput distinctly convex; genae relatively shallow, almost half to 1/3 the depth of lower eye-lobes in frontal view; eye moderately large, almost semicircular, a little narrower than frons in frontal view. Antennae thin, moderate in length or relatively long, slightly thickened apicad except for those of
Pronotum globose or slightly elongate, slightly narrower than elytra, simply arcuate at sides; disc distinctly convex though slightly depressed above, provided with large shallow punctures. Scutellum small, regular triangular.
Elytra relatively short to relatively long; sides rounded at humeri, weakly arcuately emarginate at a level between basal fourth and apical half; apices oblique, slightly arcuate at margins, usually with weak dents at external angles; disc evenly convex with slight depression near suture just behind scutellum. Hind wing with vein Cu not attaining AA3+4 which is forming an ordinary H-shape.
Ventral surface smooth; prosternum moderately emarginate near apical half in profile; metasternum slightly convex; abdomen relatively slender, with male anal ventrite arcuately rounded at apical margin.
Legs long and slender; hind legs 1.5–2.0 times as long as elytra, with femur gradually swollen apicad, slightly compressed, usually exceeding elytral apex at apical fifth, almost equal to the length of hind tibia, 1st tarsal segment varied in length according to species, 1.5–2.5 times as long as the following two segments combined.
Male genitalia. Relatively large and somewhat elongate, basically related to that of several species of
Female genitalia. Coxite lobe ovoid, scattered with short and long setae. Stylus half to equal in length to coxite lobe, elongate, weakly dilated apicad. Spermatheca narrow, weakly broadened apicad; gland short and thin; duct relatively long and thin.
Indochina, China, Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyus), Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
The species of the genus
Adults of the genus are usually found on various types of tree blossoms as
1 | Pronotum longer than wide, weakly or moderately arcuate at sides, usually provided with white basal band | 2 |
– | Pronotum as long as, or slightly longer, than wide, usually strongly arcuate at sides, without white pubescence near basal margin | 6 |
2 | Elytra glossy, sparsely clothed with very short pale pubescence | 3 |
– | Elytra matted, densely clothed with brownish pubescence | 5 |
3 | Elytra provided with white spot near suture behind scutellum; strongly glossy, sparsely clothed with pale pubescence | |
– | Elytra without white spot near suture behind scutellum | 4 |
4 | Elytra moderately glossy, without long pale hairs; frons distinctly longer than wide; erect pale hairs of hind tibia sparse and not so long | |
– | Elytra strongly glossy, scattered with a few erect long pale hairs; frons almost as long as wide; erect pale hairs of hind tibiae long and dense | |
5 | Pronotum provided with distinct basal white band; elytra without white spot near suture behind scutellum | |
– | Pronotum not forming a distinct basal white band, though sparsely clothed with white pubescence near basal margin; elytra with white spot near suture behind scutellum | |
6 | Pronotum finely punctured; elytra with white bands before middle arcuate, usually reaching to sutural white spot, white bands behind middle arcuate; abdomen without lateral white bands on ventrites 3–4 | |
– | Pronotum coarsely punctured; elytra with white bands before middle semicircular, usually isolated but rarely arcuate and almost reaching to sutural white spot, lateral bands behind middle almost transverse or slightly oblique; abdomen provided with lateral white bands on ventrites 3–4 |
Male and female. Body length (from vertex to elytralapices) 4.0–5.1 mm in ♂, 4.0–4.9 mm in ♀. Colour black, glossy in general, distinctly so on elytra, dark brown in antennae, meso- and metathoraces, abdomen and legs except for pale brown tibiae and yellowish brown tarsi, mouthparts except for black mandibles yellowish brown. Body moderately clothed with fine pale pubescence, sparsely with erect long pale hairs on clypeus, genae, near pronotal base, abdominal ventrites and hind tibiae; head sparsely with pale hairs, largely exposing disc, scattered with a few erect long pale hairs, very thinly with pale gray pubescence on frons in both sexes; antennae distinctly with long pale brown hairs along undersides of segments 2–5; pronotum largely exposing disc, thinly pubescent, with a few erect long pale hairs,
Head across eyes almost as wide as pronotum, HW/PW 0.80–1.06 (M 0.95) in ♂, 0.89–0.95 (M 0.92) in ♀; frons as long as wide, arcuately dilated apicad, with a fine but deep smooth median line, closely roughly punctured; clypeus almost flattened; vertex raised towards antennal cavities which are separated from each other by about half the width of occiput; occiput distinctly convex, sparsely punctured. Antennae thin and long, gradually thickened apicad, attaining apical third in ♂ or 3/5 in ♀ of elytra; scape almost cylindrical, 3rd segment 1.4–1.8 times as long as 4th segment, middle segments weakly thickened at apices, terminal segment short, rounded at apex in ♂.
Pronotum slightly longer than wide, strongly arcuate at sides; PL/PW, 1.18–1.38 (M 1.27) in ♂, 1.09–1.20 (M 1.13) in ♀, PB/PA 0.92–1.00 (M 0.95) in ♂, 0.87–1.00 (M 0.92) in ♀, EL/PL 2.40–3.00 (M 2.68) in ♂, 2.67–3.11 (M 2.92) in ♀, PW/EW 0.76–0.91 (M 0.83) in ♂, 0.79–0.82 (M 0.80) in ♀; disc moderately convex though slightly depressed above, provided with large shallow punctures, though densely finely punctured in apical half in ♂. Scutellum regular triangular, slightly acute at apex.
Elytra relatively long and slender, EL/EW 2.73–2.86 (M 2.78) in ♂, 2.55–2.80 (M 2.64) in ♀; sides with almost rounded humeri, gently arcuate at a level between basal fourth and apical half, then gently arcuate and narrowed to oblique apices, without any dent at inner and outer angles; disc almost evenly convex, sparsely provided with fine shallow punctures.
Ventral surface almost smooth, provided with a few coarse punctures on prosternum, minute ones on meso- and metathoraces and abdomen; ♂ anal ventrite 3/5 the length of basal width, weakly arcuate at apical margin.
Legs slender, rather long; hind legs 1.4–1.7 times as long as elytra, with femur strongly swollen in apical half, slightly exceeding elytral apex, 1st tarsal segment 1.6–2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.
Male genitalia. Median lobe about 2/5 the length of elytra, slender and elongate; dorsal plate slightly wider than ventral plate in apical eighth, distinctly narrowed to apex which is rounded; ventral plate almost parallel-sided in basal half, then strongly narrowed to apex which is strongly pointed at the extremity, slightly reflex in profile; median struts slender, almost half the length of median lobe. Endophallus densely provided with minute spinous spicules behind crescent-like sclerites at a level between basal 2/5 and 4/5, densely covered with minute serrate spicules on apical sixth. Tegmen elongate, slightly shorter than median lobe; parameres more or less elongate, nearly 2/5 the length of tegmen, divided in apical fourth, gently arcuate in external margins, arcuately emarginate in inner margins, almost rounded at apices which are provided with numerous short and a few long setae; basal ridge slightly raised; ring part almost parallel-sided in basal third. Eighth tergite slightly elongate, semicircular, gently narrowed apicad in apical fourth, with apical margin weakly arcuate, provided with numerous short and a few long setae. Eighth sternite very small, distinctly transverse, almost 1/3 the length of median lobe, with apical margin almost transverse, deeply concave at middle.
Female genitalia. Coxite lobe ovoid, scattered with short and long setae. Stylus almost half in length to coxite lobe, elongate, weakly dilated apicad. Bursa copulatrix small, weakly constricted near base. Spermatheca narrow, gently arcuate, weakly broadened apicad; gland thin, attached near apical third; duct thin, strongly coiled throughout.
1♀ (holotype), Hatsuno, Amami-Ôshima, 10–VII–1962, N. Ohbayashi leg. (EUMJ); 2♀♀, Hatsuno, Amami-Ôshima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 28–VI–1970, K. Sakai leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 24–VI–1970, T. Kobayashi leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 19–VI–1971, H. Yokoyama leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 29–VI–1971; 1♀, same locality and collector, 30–VI–1971; 1♀, same locality, 6–VII–1973, M. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality, 6–VII–1975, K. Kuzugami leg.; 1♂, Chûô–Rindô, Naze City, Kagoshima Pref., 30–VI–2001, T. Kurihara leg.; 1♀, Ôganeku, Yamato Village, Ôshima Gun, Kagoshima Pref., 30–VI–2003, T. Kurihara leg.
Amami Isls. (Amami-Ôshima Is.), Ryukyus, Japan.
The nominotypical subspecies of
This species is somewhat similar in external morphology to
Holotypes of
Differentiated from the nominotypical subspecies from Amami-Ôshima Is. by the following features: 1) antennae and legs yellowish brown, instead of chocolate brown; 2) legs shorter, with hind femora not reaching elytral apices even in ♂; 3) tergite 8 gently arcuate at apical margin instead of transversely truncate; 4) median lobe longer and more slender, with apical part narrowed in straight line to the extremity and well exposed in ventral view.
1♂ (holotype) (NMNS), 1♀ (paratype), Akuseki-jima Is., Tokara Isls., N. Ryukyus, Kagoshima Pref., Japan, host collected on 16~17–II–1986, emerged out on 5–VII–1986, K. Mori leg.; 1♂ (paratype), same data as the preceding but on 12–VI–1986; 1♂ (paratype), same locality as the holotype, emerged on 5–VI–1987.
Tokara Isls. (Akuseki-jima Is.), Ryukyus, Japan.
Male and female. Body length (from vertex to elytral apices) 3.2–5.1 mm in ♂, 3.7–5.3 mm in ♀. Colour black, more or less glossy in general, distinctly so on elytra, dark brown on antennae, meso- and metathoraces, abdomen, brown on legs except for yellowish-brown tarsi, mouthparts, except for black mandibles, yellowish-brown. Body sparsely clothed with fine pale pubescence, with a few erect long pale hairs on genae, pronotum, pro- and mesosterna, abdominal ventrites, and along undersides of mid and hind legs except for tarsi; head sparsely clothed with pale hairs, and moderately with pale gray pubescence on frons and genae in ♂, sparsely so in ♀; antennae with long pale brown hairs along undersides of segments 2–4; pronotum thinly pubescent, sparsely with erect long pale hairs,
Head across eyes almost as wide as pronotum, HW/PW 0.91–1.13 (M 0.99) in ♂, 0.83–1.00 (M 0.91) in ♀; frons distinctly wide, about 1.7 times as wide as long, arcuately dilated apicad, with a fine shallow smooth median line, closely roughly punctured; clypeus slightly convex; vertex raised towards antennal cavities which are separated each other by 2/5 the width of occiput; occiput distinctly convex, feebly sparsely punctured. Antennae thin and long, gradually thickened apicad, attaining apical fifth in ♂ or 2/5 in ♀ of elytra; 3rd segment 1.5–2.0 times as long as 4th segment, terminal segment elongate in ♂.
Pronotum rather distinctly longer than wide, completely arcuate at sides; PL/PW, 1.05–1.33 (M 1.21) in ♂, 1.00–1.33 (M 1.15) in ♀, PB/PA 0.82–1.08 (M 0.95) in ♂, 0.92–1.00 (M 0.95) in ♀, EL/PL 2.36–3.27 (M 2.80) in ♂, 2.67–3.30 (M 2.95) in ♀, PW/EW 0.76–0.95 (M 0.84) in ♂, 0.68–0.80 (M 0.74) in ♀; disc moderately convex though slightly depressed above, provided with large shallow punctures. Scutellum regularly triangular, slightly acute at apex.
Elytra moderate in length, rather slender, EL/EW 2.58–3.13 (M 2.83) in ♂, 2.27–2.70 (M 2.51) in ♀; sides rather strongly rounded at humeri, gently arcuate at a level between basal fourth and apical half, then gently arcuate and narrowed to apices which are oblique, without any dent at inner and outer angles; disc evenly convex, sparsely provided with deep, more or less coarse punctures.
Ventral surface almost smooth, provided with a few coarse punctures on prosternum, minute ones on meso- and metathoraces and abdomen; ♂ anal ventrite 3/10 the length of basal width, truncate at apical margin.
Legs slender, relatively long; hind legs 1.5–2.0 times as long as elytra, with femur strongly swollen in apical half, and exceeding elytral apices at apical fifth, 1st tarsal segment 1.7–2.4 times as long as the following two segments combined.
Male genitalia. Median lobe about 1/3 the length of elytra moderately elongate and slender; ventral plate almost equal in width to or slightly shorter than ventral plate, gently narrowed to apex which is rounded; ventral plate almost parallel-sided near basal 2/5 then strongly narrowed to apex which is distinctly, strongly pointed at the extremity, weakly reflex in profile; median struts long and slender, almost 7/10 the length of median lobe. Endophallus densely provided with minute and medium-sized spinous spicules behind crescent-like sclerites at a level between basal 3/10 and 3/5, densely covered with minute serrate spicules on apical fourth. Tegmen slightly elongate, distinctly shorter than median lobe; parameres wide, slightly elongate, nearly half the length of tegmen, divided in apical third, gently arcuate in external margins, arcuately emarginate in inner margins, almost rounded at apices which are provided with numerous short and long setae; basal ridge moderately raised; ring part gently narrowed to apex which is widely expanded. Eighth tergite slightly elongate, almost quadrate, slightly dilated apicad in apical 2/5, apical margin weakly emarginate, provided with numerous short and a few long setae. Eighth sternite transverse, about 1/4 the length of median lobe, slightly emarginate at apical margin, strongly prominent at the middle of basal margin.
Female genitalia. Coxite lobe ovoid, scattered with four or five short setae. Stylus almost equal in length to coxite lobe, more or less elongate, gently dilated apicad. Bursa copulatrix large, distinctly constricted in basal half. Spermatheca, narrow, weakly arcuate; gland attached just behind apex; duct thin and strongly coiled throughout.
1♂ (holotype), Formosa, Takao Hsien, Laopi, 6–IV–1978, Kezuka leg. (Holzschuh coll.). [Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan] 2♂♂, 1♀, near Mt. Lala Shan, Fuxing Township, 12–V–1978, T. Shimomura leg.; 1♂, same locality, 28–VI–1979, J.-J. Luo leg.; 2♂♂, Sihleng, Fuxing Township, 26–IV–1982, N. Ohbayashi leg. [Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, Dalu Forest Road, Wufeng Township, alt. 1,400m, 5–IV–1994, C.-C. Chen leg.; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, same locality and collector, 24–IV–1994; 2♂♂, same locality, alt. 1,100~1,400m, 18–V–2002, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 2♀♀, same locality and collector, 7–VII–2004; 1♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 24–V–2009; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, East Feeder, 27~28–VI–2003, D.-I. Hwang leg.; 4♂♂, 1♀, Mt. Lidong Shan, Jianshi Township, alt. 1,400m, 22–V–2005, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♀, Yufong, Jianshi Township, alt. 800m, 4–IV–2009, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Taichung County, C. Taiwan] 2♂♂, Deji Reservoir, Heping Township, 30–IV–1982, N. Ohbayashi leg.; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Mt. Anma Shan, Heping Township, 5~28–VI–2002, N. Ohbayashi leg.; 1♂, 1♀, Siangyang~Liyuan, alt. 1,793~2,250m, 8–VII–2005, S.-T. Hisamatsu leg.; 1♀, Lilengsi Forest Road, Heping Township, alt. 1,700m, 25–IV–2000, W.-I Chou leg. [Nantou County, C. Taiwan] 1♀, Cueifong, Ren’ai Township, 5–VI–1976, T. Matsumoto leg.; 1♂, Meifong, Ren’ai Township, 7–V–1973, K. Matsuda leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 27–IV–1977, S. Saito leg.; 1♀, Songgang~Meifong, Ren’ai Township, 3–V–1977, J. Ito leg.; 1♂, Meiyuan, Ren’ai Township, 20–IV–1995, M. Hayashi leg.; 3♂♂, same locality, 28–IV–1995, M. Yagi leg.; 1♀, Nanshansi, Ren’ai Township, 17–IV–1977, W. Suzuki leg.; 1♀, same locality, 13–IV–1978, M. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality, 24–III–1979, T. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 21–IV–1982; 1♀, same locality, 31–III–1980, M. Yagi leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 28~30–III–1981, H. Torigai leg.; 1♂, 1♀, Lianhuachih, Yuchi Township, 16–III–1978, J. Ito leg.; 1♀, same locality, 25–III–1980, K. Matsuda leg.; 13♂♂, 6♀♀, same as the preceding but 27–III–1980; 1♀, Sun moon Lake, Yuchi Township, 9–IV–1978, M. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality, 13–V–1996, C.-K. Yu leg.; 1♀, same locality, alt. 800m, 3–IV–2000, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀, Bilyusi, Ren’ai Township, alt. 2,200m, 12–V–2002, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♂, same locality, 15–V–2007, C.-C. Chen leg.; 3♂♂, Mt. Guandao Shan, alt. 1,500m, Ren’ai Township, 12–V–1984, J.-J. Luo leg.; 1♀, same locality, 23–V–1985, M. Yagi leg.; 1♀, same locality and collector, 20–IV–1986; 1♀, same locality, 5–V–1985, K. Kusama leg.; 2♂♂, same locality, 12–V–2007, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀, Gaofeng, Ren’ai Township, 22–III–2007, native collector leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀, same locality, 5–V–2009, J.-J. Luo leg. [Hualien County, E. C. Taiwan] 1♀, Bilyu, Xiulin Township, 8–V–1977, S. Saito leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 2–VI–1978, M. Ito leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 9–VI–1978; 3♂♂, same locality and collector, 13–VI–1978; 3♂♂, same locality and collector, 14–VI–1978; 9♂♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 15–VI–1978; 1♂, same locality and collector, 17–V–1978. [Chiayi County, S. Taiwan] 1♀, Jhaoping, Alishan Township, 9–VI–1938, Y. Yano leg. [Kaohsiung County, S. Taiwan] 1♀, Shanping, Maolin Township, 30–III–1978, K. Matsuda leg.; 1♂, Mt. Nanfenshan, Liouguei Township, 22–IV–1985, W.-R. Chen leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀, Tengjhih, Taoyuan Township, alt. 1,400m, 28–III–2007, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Pingdong County, S. Taiwan] 1♂, Siaoguei Lake, Wutai Township, alt. 1,500m, 2–V–1998, C.-C. Chen leg.; 1♂, 1♀, Mt. Dahan Shan, Chunri Township, alt. 1,200m, 21–IV–2005, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 13–IV–2009; 1♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 5–V–2009.; 1♀, same locality, 16–IV–2007, T. Niisato leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 5–V–2009; 7♂♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 3–V–2009. 1♂, Tiantizo, 1–VIII–1976, K. Matsuda leg.
Taiwan.
The population from Bilyu, Xiulin Township in east-central part of the central mountains of Taiwan, shows a slight colour variation in antennae and legs which are clearly pale brown, but other characteristics agree quite well with the populations from other localities.
This is the most common species from the genus in Taiwan, and widely recorded from various localities north to south on the island. The adult beetles appear from early spring to early summer (March to June), and visit various tree blossoms.
Body parts of
Female genitalia of
Male and female. Body length (from vertex to elytral apices) 3.3–4.4 mm in ♂, 3.6–4.2 mm in ♀. Colour nearly same as
Head similar to
Male genitalia. Basically similar to that of
Female genitalia. Almost as in
Holotype ♂, Dalu Forest Road, Wufeng Township, alt. 1,400m, Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan, 5–IV–1994, C.-C. Chen leg. Allotype ♀, Yufong, Jianshi Township, alt. 800m, Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan, 19–IV–2002, Y.-L. Lin leg. Paratypes (17♂♂, 8♀♀): [Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan] 1♀, Shan-Paling, Fuxing Township, 24–V–1988, native collector leg. [Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, same data as the allotype; 1♂, same data as the holotype; 1♂, same locality, alt. 1,100~1,400m, 27–VII–2004, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Taichung County, C. Taiwan] 1♀, “Mt. DaKeng, Beitun District”, 16–V–1941, K. Seki leg. [Nantou County, C. Taiwan] 5♂♂, 3♀♀, Gaofeng, alt. 1,300m, Ren’ai Township, 8–VII–2007, N. Ohbayashi leg.; 2♂♂, Tseifong, Ren’ai Township, 1–V–1981, K. Kinugasa leg.; 1♂, Mt. Guandao Shan, Ren’ai Township, alt. 1,500m, 5–V–1985, K. Kusama leg.; 1♀, same locality, 6–VI–1995, S. Tsuyuki leg.; 1♂, 1♀, Nanshanshi, Ren’ai Township, 15–IV–1972, K. Matsuda leg. [Kaohsiung County, S. Taiwan] 1♂, Fengshan, 23–V–1977, K. Ushizima leg; 1♂, same locality and date, W.-L. Chen leg. [Formosa] 2♂♂, 1967, no further data; 1♀, 1967, no further data; 1♂, 1969, no further data. Holotype and allotype are preserved in NMNS, and paratypes are in EUMJ, HUM, MMNS, NHMO and the private collections of the above collectors.
Taiwan.
This new species mainly appears in the summer season since most of the type series were collected in July, except for several paratypes collected in April and May.
Male genitalia of
Male genitalia of
Male and female. Body length (from vertex to elytral apices) 3.6–4.5 mm in ♂, 4.0–5.2 mm in ♀. Colour almost as in
Head almost as wide as pronotum, HW/PW 0.89–1.00 (M 0.99) in ♂, 0.89–1.00 (M 0.95) in ♀; frons as long as wide, arcuately dilated apicad, with a thin weak smooth median line, finely sparsely punctured; clypeus slightly convex; vertex raised towards antennal cavities which are separated from each other by half the width of occiput; occiput distinctly convex, sparsely punctured. Antennae thin and long, gradually dilated apicad, attaining apical half in ♂ or 3/5 in ♀ of elytra; 3rd segment 1.3–2.0 times as long as 4th segment, terminal segment short, rounded at apex in ♂.
Pronotum slightly or moderately longer than wide, weakly arcuate at sides; PL/PW, 1.13–1.38 (M 1.25) in ♂, 1.10–1.29 (M 1.19) in ♀, PB/PA 1.00–1.00 (M 1.00) in ♂, 1.00–1.06 (M 1.01) in ♀, EL/PL 2.45–3.22 (M 2.80) in ♂, 2.69–3.00 (M 2.86) in ♀, PW/EW 0.75–0.90 (M 0.84) in ♂, 0.75–0.83 (M 0.79) in ♀; disc moderately convex, provided with large shallow punctures. Scutellum regular triangular, acute at apex.
Elytra relatively long and slender; EL/EW 2.70–3.18 (M 2.94) in ♂, 2.50–2.83 (M 2.68) in ♀; sides distinctly rounded at humeri, gently arcuate at a level between basal fifth and apical half, then gently arcuate and narrowed to apices which are oblique, slightly arcuate at margins, minutely acute at outer angles; disc evenly convex, densely provided with fine shallow punctures.
Ventral surface almost smooth, provided with a few coarse punctures on prosternum, with minute punctures on meso- and metathoraces, and abdomen; anal ventrite in ♂, 3/5 the length of basal width, moderately arcuate at apical margin.
Legs slender, relatively long; hind legs 1.5–1.8 times length of elytra, with femur weakly swollen in apical half, exceeding elytral apices at apical fifth, 1st tarsal segment 1.5–2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.
Male genitalia. Median lobe nearly 2/5 the length of elytra, wide, moderately elongate; ventral plate almost equal in width to, or a little shorter than ventral plate, gently narrowed to apex which is bluntly rounded; ventral plate almost parallel–sided near basal half then more or less strongly narrowed to apex which is distinctly pointed at the extremity, weakly reflexed in profile; median struts elongate, almost half the length of median lobe. Endophallus densely provided with minute spinous spicules behind crescent-like sclerites from basal 1/5 to 3/5, densely covered with minute serrate sclerites on apical third. Tegmen more or less elongate, distinctly shorter than median lobe; parameres elongate, slightly slender, nearly 2/5 the length of tegmen, divided in apical third, with lobe gently arcuate in external margin, arcuately emarginate in inner margin, almost rounded at apices which are provided with numerous short and a few long setae; basal ridge moderately raised, gently convergent to apex. Eighth tergite slightly elongate, semicircular, gently convergent to apex in apical half, with apical margin weakly arcuate, provided with numerous short setae. Eighth sternite more or less small, distinctly transverse, gently emarginate at apical margin.
Female genitalia. Coxite lobe ovoid, sparsely provided with short and long setae. Stylus almost half oflength ofcoxite lobe, elongate, gently dilated apicad. Bursa copulatrix small, strongly constricted in basal 2/3. Spermatheca slightly narrow, strongly arcuate; gland thin, attached at apical 2/5; duct more or less thin, slightly sinuate, not coiled.
Holotype ♂, Sinsian, Wulai Township, Taipei County, alt. 300m, N. Taiwan, 4–III–2000, Y.-L. Lin leg. Allotype ♀, Lianhuachih, Yuchi Township, Nantou County, C. Taiwan, 20–III–1978, J. Ito leg. Paratypes (54♂♂, 23♀♀): [Taipei County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, Wulai, 21–II–2004, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♀, Sinsian, Wulai Township, alt. 300m, 11–III–2000, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♂, Fushan, Wulai Township, 21–III–1998, M. Sakai leg. [Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan] 3♂♂, Sule, Fuxing Township, 26–III–1979, T. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 28–III–1979; 6♂♂, 1♀, Sihleng, Fuxing Township, 26–IV–1982, N. Ohbayashi leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 28–IV–1982; 1♀, Baling, Fuxing Township, 31–III–1998, M. Sakai leg.; 1♀, Ronghua, Fuxing Township, 15–III–1998, C.-C. Chen leg.; 3♂♂, same locality, alt. 500m, 3–III–2002, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 6♂♂, Ronghua, Fuxing Township, alt. 500m, 27–III–2003, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 3♂♂, 1♀, Gaoyi, Fuxing Township, alt. 500m, 21–IV–2007, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan] 1♀, Dalu Forest Road, Wufeng Township, 17–IV–1994, C.-C. Chen leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, alt. 1,100~1,400m, 24–III–2007, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 15–III–2009; 1♀, same locality and collector, 1–IV–2009.; 1♂, 1♀, Shihlei, Jianshi Township, 6–III–2010, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Nantou County, C. Taiwan] 10♂♂, 2♀♀, Lianhuachih, Yuchi Township, 16–III–1978, J. Ito leg.; 5♂♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 17–III–1978; 1♂, same locality and collector, 18–III–1978; 1♀, Gaofeng, Ren’ai Township, alt. 1,300m, 5–V–2009, J.-J. Luo leg.; 1♀, Nanshansi, Ren’ai Township, 30–III–1972, K. Matsuda leg.; 1♂, same locality, 19–III–1978, J. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 22–III–1978; 1♀, same locality and collector, 26–III–1978; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 11–IV–1978, M. Ito leg.; 1♂, 1♀, same locality and collector, 14–IV–1978; 1♂, same locality and collector, 29–IV–1978; 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 19–III–1978, C.-K. Yu leg.; 1♂, same locality, 17–III–1979, T. Ito leg.; 2♀♀, same locality and collector, 24–III–1979; 1♀, same locality, 28–III–1980, M. Yagi leg.; 1♀, same locality, 3–IV–1981, Y. Yamamoto leg. [Hualien County, E. C. Taiwan] 1♂, Bilyu, Xiulin Township, 2–VI–1978, M. Ito leg. [Kaohsiung County, S. Taiwan] 1♂, 8–III–1978, J. Ito leg.; 1♀, same collector, Wetuan, Liugui Township, 7–III–1978. [Pingdong County, S. Taiwan] 1♂, Mt. Dahan Shan, Chunri Township, 1–III–2007, T. Yoro leg. Holotype and allotype are preserved in NMNS, and paratypes are in EUMJ, HUM, MMNS, NHMO and the private collections of the above collectors.
Taiwan.
In having the matted body with similar pattern of white pubescent maculation on the elytra,
Male genitalia of
Male genitalia of
Male and female. Body length (from vertex to elytral apices) 3.40–4.70 mm in ♂, 3.70–5.20 mm in ♀. Colour black, more or less matted in general, dark brown on antennae, meso- and metathoraces, abdomen and legs, yellowish brown on mouthparts except for black mandibles. Body densely clothed with fine pale pubescence especially on pronotum and ventral surface, sparsely with erect long pale hairs on clypeus, genae, pronotal base, prosternal process and abdominal ventrites, mid and hind femora; head sparsely with pale gray pubescence on frons in ♂, sparsely so on that of ♀; antennae with long pale brown hairs along undersides of segments 2–4; pronotum densely with pale gray pubescence except for middle of disc forming a vague oblong black spot,
Head across eyes almost as wide as pronotum, HW/PW 0.81–0.94 (M 0.88) in ♂, 0.80–1.00 (M 0.89) in ♀; frons as long as wide, arcuately dilated apicad, with a thin feeble smooth median line, densely, finely punctured; clypeus slightly convex; vertex raised towards antennal cavities which are separated from each other by half the width of occiput; occiput distinctly convex, rather densely coarsely punctured. Antennae thin and relatively short, gradually thickened apicad, attaining apical 2/5 in ♂ or half in ♀ of elytra; 3rd segment 1.4–2.0 times as long as 4th segment, terminal segment rather short and rounded at apex in ♂.
Pronotum almost equal in length to the maximum width near middle, strongly arcuate at sides; PL/PW 1.00–1.20 (M 1.08) in ♂, 0.92–1.29 (M 1.05) in ♀, PB/PA 0.81–0.93 (M 0.88) in ♂, 0.81–1.18 (M 0.94) in ♀, EL/PL 2.64–3.00 (M 2.92) in ♂, 2.72–3.22 (M 2.97) in ♀, PW/EW 0.71–0.83 (M 0.78) in ♂, 0.68–0.85 (M 0.78) in ♀; disc slightly convex, almost flattened above, densely provided with fine shallow punctures. Scutellum regularly triangular, feebly acute at apex.
Elytra relatively short, EL/EW 2.25–2.75 (M 2.46) in ♂, 2.08–2.90 (M 2.40) in ♀; sides with strongly rounded humeri, gently arcuate at a level between basal and apical fourth, then arcuately narrowed to apices which are slightly arcuate, without any spine at outer or inner angle; disc almost evenly convex, though distinctly depressed near suture in basal fifth, densely provided with fine shallow punctures.
Ventral surface almost smooth, provided with a few coarse punctures on prosternum, with densely minute punctures on meso- and metathoraces, and abdomen; anal ventrite in ♂, 2/5 the length of basal width, distinctly arcuate at apical margin.
Legs relatively short and slender; hind legs 1.4–1.6 times as long as elytra, with femur gradually swollen apicad, exceeding elytral apex at apical fifth, 1st tarsal segment 1.5–2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.
Male genitalia. Median lobe almost 1/3 the length of elytra, slightly arcuate in profile; dorsal plate slightly wider than ventral plate in apical eighth, rounded at apex; ventral plate almost parallel-sided in basal 3/4 then strongly narrowed to apex which is sharply pointed at the extremity; median struts slender, almost half the length of median lobe. Endophallus largely sparsely provided with minute spinous spicules behind crescent-like sclerites, densely covered with minute crenulate spicules on apical fifth. Tegmen elongate, distinctly shorter than median lobe; parameres narrow, nearly 2/5 the length of tegmen, divided in apical third, with lobe moderately narrowed in weak arcuate line to apex, provided with numerous short setae and a few relatively long setae; basal ridge slightly raised; ring part almost approximate in apical 2/5. Eighth tergite elongate and quadrate, moderately narrowed from apical fourth to apex which is transversely truncate, provided with numerous short to long-sized setae. Eighth sternite distinctly narrower than 8th tergite, apical margin bi-arcuately rounded, triangularly concave near middle.
Female genitalia. Coxite lobe ovoid, provided with a few relatively long setae. Stylus elongate, almost 3/5 in length to coxite lobe, gently dilated apicad. Bursa copulatrix very large, almost circular, though strongly constricted in basal half. Spermatheca relatively narrow, moderately arcuate, bluntly pointed at apex; gland attached at apical third; duct thin, slightly sinuate in basal 2/3, coiled multiple times in apical third.
Holotype ♂, Ronghua, Fuxing Township, alt. 500m, Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan, 9–III–1997, C.-C. Chen leg. Allotype ♀, Nanshansi, Ren’ai Township, Nantou County, C. Taiwan, 21–III–1979, T. Ito leg. Paratypes (7♂♂, 22♀♀): [Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, 1♀, Sule, Fuxing Township, 26–III–1979, T. Ito leg. [Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, 3♀♀, Shihlei, Jianshi Township, 6–III–2010, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Hualien County, E. C. Taiwan] 1♀, Bilyu, Xiulin Township, 2,200m, 29–III–1981, T. Shimomura leg. [Nantou County, C. Taiwan] 1♀, same locality and collector as the holotype, 17–III–1979; 2♂♂, 2♀♀, same locality, 19–III–1978, C.-K. Yu leg.; 1♀, same locality, 16–III–1978, J. Ito leg.; 1♀, same locality and collector, 17–III–1978; 1♂, 2♀♀, same locality and collector, 19–III–1978; 1♀, same locality and collector, 22–III–1978; 1♀, same locality and collector, 25–III–1978; 1♀, same locality and collector, 26–III–1978; 1♀, same locality, 26–III–1978, Y. Ito leg.; 1♀, same locality and collector, 31–III–1978; 1♀, same locality and collector, 28–III–1979; 1♀, same locality, 14–IV–1978, M. Ito leg.; 1♂, same locality, 21–III–1979, T. Ito leg.; 1♀, same locality, 11–IV–1985, J.-J. Luo leg.; 1♀, Tseifong, Ren’ai Township, 4–IV–1971, B.-S. Chang leg.; 1♀, Mt. Guandao Shan, Ren’ai Township, 14–IV–1973, J.-J. Luo leg. Holotype and allotype are preserved in NMNS, and paratypes are in EUMJ, HUM, MMNS, NHMO and the private collections of the above collectors.
Taiwan.
Most of the type series of
Male genitalia of
Male genitalia of
Male and Female. Body length (from vertex to apices of elytra) 4.0–4.7 mm in ♂, 4.9–5.1 mm in ♀. Colour almost as in
Head almost as in
Male genitalia. Basically similar to those of
Female genitalia. Almost as in
Holotype ♂, Dalu Forest Road, Wufeng Township, alt. 1,400~1,100m, Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan, 27–IV–2008, Y.-L. Lin leg. Allotype ♀, same data as the holotype. Paratypes (3♂♂, 10♀♀): [Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan] 1♀, Ronghua, Fuxing Township, 7–IV–1971, B.-S. Chang leg.; 1♀, Sihleng, Fuxing Township, 19–III–2000, 1♀, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan] 1♀, same locality and collector as the holotype, 19–IV–2008. [Yilan County, N. Taiwan] 1♀, Mingchih, Datong Township, 29–V–1978, J. Ito leg. [Nantou County, C. Taiwan] 1♂, Nanshansi, Ren’ai Township, 19–III–1978, C.-K. Yu leg.; 1♀, Mt. Guandao Shan, Ren’ai Township, alt. 1,500m, 5–V–1985, K. Kusama leg.; 1♂, Lianhuachih, Yuchi Township, 27–III–1980, K. Matsuda leg. [Hualien County, E. C. Taiwan] 1♀, Bilyu, Xiulin Township, 2,200m, 29–V–1978, Y. Oda leg. [Pingtung County, S. Taiwan] 1♀, Mt. Dahan Shan, Chunri Township, alt. 1,200m, 9–III–2006, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 1♂, same locality and collector, 1–III–2007; 1♀, same locality and collector, 9–III–2007; 1♀, Siaoguei Lake, Wutai Township, alt. 1,500m, 2–V–1998, C.-C. Chen leg.; 1♀, same locality and collector, 12~14–V–2008. Holotype and allotype are preserved in NMNS, and paratypes are in EUMJ, HUM, MMNS, NHMO and the private collections of the above collectors.
Taiwan.
This new species is rather rare among the Taiwanese members of the genus, and sometimes found on the blossoms of
Four female paratypes show very peculiar variation in colour and pubescence as follows: 1) Body black with weak bluish tinge; 2) pronotum, elytra and ventral surface rather densely clothed with pale gray pubescence; 3)
Male genitalia of
Male and Female. Body length (from vertex to apices of elytra) 4.0–5.8 mm in ♂, 4.4–6.0 mm in ♀. Large and slender species with more or less matted body, long antennae and legs. Colour black, relatively matted especially on elytra, more or less brownish on meso- and metathoraces, antennae and legs, yellowish brown on mouthparts except for black mandibles and anal ventrite. Body densely clothed with fine pale pubescence, sparsely with erect, long, pale hairs on undersides of fore femur, apical 2/5 of mid and hind femora, and all tibiae especially on hind pair; head thinly pubescent, scattered with a few erect, long, pale hairs, densely with pale gray pubescence on frons in ♂ and sparsely so in ♀; antennae with relatively long pale brown hairs along undersides of segments 3–5; pronotum thinly pubescent, largely exposing disc, without erect, pale hairs, rather sparsely with white pubescence at sides of basal margin, not formed conspicuous
Head across eyes slightly narrower than pronotum, HW/PW 0.89–0.95 (M 0.93) in ♂, 0.85–0.95 (M 0.90) in ♀; frons as long as wide, arcuately dilated apicad, with a fine smooth median line, closely coarsely punctured; clypeus almost flattened; vertex raised towards antennal cavities which are separated from each other by 2/5 the width of occiput; occiput distinctly convex, closely reticulate. Antennae thin and long, not thickened apicad, attaining apical third in ♂ or half in ♀ of elytra, with scape almost cylindrical, 3rd segment 1.4–2.0 times as long as 4th segment, middle segments weakly thickened at apices, terminal segment distinctly elongate in ♂.
Pronotum usually distinctly longer than wide, rather weakly arcuate at sides; PL/PW 1.05–1.38 (M 1.23) in ♂, 1.00–1.40 (M 1.16) in ♀, PB/PA 0.92–0.94 (M 0.93) in ♂, 0.93–0.94 (M 0.93) in ♀, EL/PL 2.85–3.60 (M 3.18) in ♂, 2.77–3.73 (M 3.21) in ♀, PW/EW 0.71–0.90 (M 0.80) in ♂, 0.63–0.88 (M 0.76) in ♀; disc distinctly convex though depressed above, densely provided with uniform large shallow punctures. Scutellum regularly triangular, acute at apex.
Elytra long, slender, nearly or more than three times as long as wide, EL/EW 2.83–3.60 (M 3.10) in ♂, 2.50–3.05 (M 2.80) in ♀; sides with completely rounded humeri, gently arcuate at a level between basal fourth and apical 2/5 then arcuately narrowed to apices which are obliquely arcuate with blunt teeth at external angles; disc almost evenly convex, closely provided with fine shallow punctures.
Ventral surface almost smooth, provided with a few coarse punctures on prosternum, minute ones on meso- and metathoraces, and abdomen; ♂ anal ventrite 7/10 the length of basal width, weakly arcuate at apical margin.
Legs long and slender; hind legs 1.6–2.0 times as long as elytra, with femur gradually swollen apicad, slightly compressed, exceeding elytral apex at apical fifth, 1st tarsal segment 1.5–2.2 times as long as the following two segments combined.
Male genitalia. Median lobe almost 1/3 the length of elytra, in lateral view almost straight though distinctly bent ventrad in apical 2/5 of apical lobe; dorsal plate almost equal in width to or a little longer than ventral plate, gently narrowed to apex which is bluntly pointed; ventral plate almost parallel-sided in basal 3/4 then gently narrowed to apex which is more or less sharply pointed at the extremity; median struts slender, almost half the length of median lobe. Endophallus sparsely provided with minute spinous spicules behind crescent-like sclerites from basal 1/3 to 7/10, densely covered with minute serrate sclerites in apical fifth. Tegmen elongate, slightly shorter than median lobe; parameres elongate, nearly 2/5 the length of tegmen, divided in apical fifth, with lobe almost parallel-sided, moderately convergent apicad, slightly oblique at inner margins, almost rounded at apices which are provided with numerous short and a few long setae; basal ridge slightly raised; ring part parallel in apical third. Eighth tergite quadrate, arcuate at sides of apical margin which is slightly emarginate, provided with numerous short and long setae. Eighth sternite strongly transverse, rather weakly emarginate at apical margin.
Female genitalia. Coxite lobe ovoid, scattered with a few long and short setae. Stylus almost half in length to coxite lobe, elongate, moderately dilated apicad. Bursa copulatrix more or less large, weakly narrowed in basal half. Spermatheca narrow and strongly arcuate in apical half; gland oblong, attached at apical half; duct thin, short, slightly sinuate, not coiled.
1♂ (holotype), Hori, Formosa, 20–II–1939, (HUM). [Taoyuan County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, 1♀, Syuanyuan, Fuxing Township, alt. 800m, 18–IX–2005, Y.-L. Lin leg.; 6♂♂, 8♀♀, same locality and collector, alt. 700m, 17–X–2009. [Hsinchu County, N. Taiwan] 1♂, Dalu Forest Road, Wufeng Township, alt. 1,100~1,400m, 13–VII–2003, Y.-L. Lin leg. [Nantou County, C. Taiwan] 2♂♂, Mt. Lushan, Ren’ai Township, 23–VIII–1987, J.-J. Luo leg.; 10♂♂, 6♀♀, Gaofeng, Ren’ai Township, 19–IX–2006, native collector leg.; 3♂♂, Mt. Hewang, Ren’ai Township, alt. 1,650m, 9–IX–2009, C.-C. Chen leg. [Kaohsiung County, S. Taiwan] 8♂♂, 9♀♀, near Liouguei Township, 5–X–1983, W.-L. Chen leg.; 2♂♂, same locality, 5–X–1984, B.-R. Chin leg.; 15♂♂, 16♀♀, Douna, Maolin Township, 8–IX–2007, W.-S. Lin leg. [Pingtung County, S. Taiwan] 5♂♂, 4♀♀, Mt. Dahan Shan, Chunri Township, alt. 1,200m, 12–X–2003, Y.-L. Lin leg. 1♂, Mt. Dahan Shan, alt. 1,300m, 25–X–2007, W.-S. Lin leg.
Taiwan.
This clytine beetle is formally treated here as a member of the genus
It is very interesting that the adults of
In spite of its uniqueness,
A total of seven species of
Group I:
Group II:
Group III:
Group IV:
Group I is recognized by small, slightly elongate, glossy (usually strongly) body with sparsely or thinly pubescent elytra, and is provisionally composed of three species. The members of this group share the following features in male genitalia:- the long median struts which are 3/5 to 7/10 the length of median lobe, as well as the long parameres which are half the length of tegmen. In female genitalia, they share the distinctly short coxite lobes which are almost equal to the length of stylus, and strongly wholly coiled spermathecal duct in the whole length.
Group II is composed of a single species,
Group III composed of
Group IV is also monotypic at least in the present sense, composed of a single species,
Distribution of species and collecting sites:
We wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the following entomologists who kindly offered or loaned us the invaluable specimens used in the present study: Drs. Wen-I Chou, Sadatomo Hisamatsu, Keishi Kinugasa, the late Keiichi Kusama, Wataru Suzuki and Masatoshi Takakuwa, Messrs. the late Wen-Lon Chen, Hiroshi Fujita, Masao, Ito, Takeshi Ito, Yasuhiko Ito, Toshio Kobayashi, Wen-Xin Lin, Yu-Long Lin, Jin-Ji Luo, Kiyoshi Matsuda, Akira Nishiyama, the late Yoshihiro Oda, Shusei Saito, Kaoru Sakai, Toru Shimomura, Shigeo Tsuyuki and the late Chin-Kin Yu. Thanks are also due to Drs. Masaaki Suwa and Masahiro Ohara of Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, Dr. Shuhei Nomura of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Dr. Shigehiko Shiyake and Mr. Kôzo Mizuno of the Natural History Museum of Osaka, Nagai, for their permission of examine the
We are grateful to Drs. Nobuo Ohbayashi, Masahiro Sakai and Hiroyuki Yoshitomi for their useful suggestions to the present study and/or kind offers of specimens, and to Mr. Daniel J. Heffern for his critical reading of the original manuscript of the present paper. Finally, special thanks are also due to Mr. Jun Ito, a longtime friend of Niisato, who is a pioneer researcher of