Corresponding author: Rute Maria Gonçalves-de-Andrade (
Academic editor: C. Rollard
A new species of recluse spider,
The
In general, for the classified species of this genus the authors have adopted the species groups proposed by
After
The Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara is a federal protected area in Southeastern State of Piauí, Brazil. The 129,953 ha cover areas in the municipalities of São Raimundo Nonato, Coronel José Dias, João Costa and Brejo do Piauí (08°26', 08°54'S and 42°19', 42°45'W). Together with Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões it is one of the largest protected areas in the world with “Caatinga” vegetation formation, situated between the “Médio São Francisco” depression (Precambriam) and the Piauí–Maranhão sedimentary basin (Silurian-Devonian), the two largest geological formations in Brazilian Northeastern. Rainfall period is from November to March, with a yearly median precipitation of 689 mm. The annual median temperature is 28°C. General landscape of Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara consists of uplands, plateaus, hills, mountain chains and plains. This distinct relief is a result of transformations occurring during millions of years in the sedimentar basin of Piauí–Maranhão and in the central São Francisco Depression composed of different types of minerals and rocks.
In this work we describe a new species of
Spiders were collected (the permissions for collect - number 11971-2 - and for work in Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara – number 18413-1 - was conceded to Rute Maria Gonçalves-de-Andrade by ICMBio a instance of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment) in two localities: Toca do Buraco da Pedra Furada and Boqueirão do Gato. The specimens examined are deposited in Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (Dr. Adriano B. Kury). The copulatory organs of females were dissected and cleared with clove oil. A LEICA® MZ7.5 Stereomicroscope with 10x eyepiece was used for illustrations (with a camera lucida attachment) and measurements (using an ocular micrometer). Measurements are in millimeters. Abbreviations: ALE = anterior lateral eye, PLE = posterior lateral eye and PME = posterior median eye.
[Modified from
1 | Males | 2 |
– | Females | 7 |
2 | Palpal tibia more than 2 times longer than palpal tarsus | 3 |
– | Palpal tibia at most 1.5 times longer than palpal tarsus | 4 |
3 | Palpal tarsus almost 2 times longer than wide ( |
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– | Palpal tarsus less than 1.5 times longer than wide; lateral dentate dark bands on dorsal side of the carapace conspicuous ( |
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4 | First femur 2.1 times, first leg more than seven times longer than carapace | 5 |
– | First femur at most 1.7 times, first leg at most seven times longer than carapace | 6 |
5 | Embolus straight in ventral view ( |
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– | Embolus strongly curved in ventral view ( |
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6 | Femur of palpus 3 times longer than wide ( |
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– | Femur of palpus 5 times longer than wide ( |
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7 | Palpal tarsus incrassated and broader than palpal tibia ( |
8 |
– | Tarsus evenly tapered | 9 |
8 | Seminal receptacles inconspicuous |
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– | Seminal receptacles conspicuous ( |
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9 | Seminal receptacles small, oval pouches ( |
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– | Seminal receptacles much larger | 10 |
10 | Seminal receptacles curved ( |
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– | Seminal receptacle straight or almost so; first femur 1.8 times longer than carapace | 11 |
11 | Dorsal part of the bursa copulatrix weakly sclerotized ( |
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– | Dorsal part of the bursa copulatrix strongly sclerotized ( |
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Holotype: male: Brazil, Piauí, Coronel José Dias, Boqueirão do Sítio da Pedra Furada – Toca,
Paratype female (MNRJ 04360) with same data as for holotype.
Males can be readily distinguished from other species, except
The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr Niéde Guidon, one of the most important Brazilian archeologists, internationally acknowledged for her archeological work and her battle for the preservation of archeological sites in Brazil and the conservation of remnant patches of Caatinga vegetation, as well as important social work, especially in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara.
Male(holotype). Total length (without chelicerae) 6.01. Carapace 3.29 long, 3.1 wide. Eye size: ALE: 0.2, PME: 0.22, PLE: 0.18. Clypeus: 0.32. Interocular distance - PME and PLE: 0.04, PME and ALE: 0.2. Leg formula: II, IV, I, III. Legs and palp length and width in
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Tarsi | 0.75/0.46 | 1.9/0.1 | 1.75/0.12 | 1.37/0.12 | 1.75/0.12 |
Metatarsi | --- | 11.4/0.2 | 13.87/0.12 | 2.05/0.25 | 12.12/0.25 |
Tibiae | 1.55/0.55 | 10.1/0.3 | 12.12/0.37 | 7.62/0.25 | 9.37/0.37 |
Patellae | 0.7/0.45 | 1.3/0.4 | 1.25/0.5 | 1.25/0.5 | 1.25/0.5 |
Femora | 2.64/0.37 | 8.5/0.6 | 10.25/0.62 | 8.0/0.62 | 9.12/0.62 |
Total length | 5.64 | 33.2 | 39.24 | 20.29 | 33.61 |
Carapaces, males.
Female (paratype MNRJ 04360) Total length (without chelicerae) 7.35. Carapace 3.79 long, 3.71 wide. Eye sizes: ALE: 0.22, PME: 0.16, PLE: 0.18. Clypeus: 0.32. Interocular distances - PME and PLE: 0.05, PME and ALE: 0.24. Leg formula: II, I, VI, III. Legs and palp length and width in
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Tarsi | 1.42/0.39 | 1.58/0.08 | 1.58/0.16 | 1.18/0.16 | 1.26/0.16 |
Metatarsi | --- | 6.24/0.16 | 7.19/0.16 | 5.85/0.16 | 6.95/0.16 |
Tibiae | 1.11/0.32 | 6.32/0.32 | 6.79/0.32 | 4.42/0.32 | 5.45/0.32 |
Patellae | 0.47/0.32 | 1.11/0.47 | 1.03/0.32 | 1.03/0.39 | 1.11/0.47 |
Femora | 1.58/0.32 | 6.0/0.63 | 6.4/0.63 | 5.45/0.47 | 5.85/0.63 |
Total length | 4.58 | 21.25 | 22.99 | 17.93 | 20.62 |
The female
The distinct, but close geographical distribution of
Specimens of
Known only from Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, Piauí State, Brazil.
We thank Dr Niéde Guidon, director of Fundação Museu do Homem Americano - FUMDHAM, São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil by providing scientific and ope- rational support; all staff of Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara for supporting to field work; Adriano B. Kury (Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) for providing a repository for the types and Steffen Bayer for improving the manuscript. Support: INCTTOx/CNPq/FAPESP for RMGA and CNPq Research Fellow – Brazil, for RB.